108 EFFECTS OF UTILIZATION OF SUBCUTANEOUS IMPLANTS OF GnRH AGONISTS (DESLORELIN) ON OVARIAN ACTIVITY AND HORMONAL PROFILE DURING THE PERIOD OF IMPLANTATION AND AFTER REMOVAL IN NELORE COWS (BOS INDICUS) WITH A TOTAL IMPLANT TREATMENT OF 70 DAYS

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 201
Author(s):  
W. C. Marques Filho ◽  
F. C. Destro ◽  
E. Trevisol ◽  
C. M. Queiroz ◽  
M. C. Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recovery Period ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Ultrasound Finding ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Significance Levels ◽  
Implant Treatment ◽  
Subcutaneous Implant ◽  
Follicular Dynamics

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of subcutaneous implants of deslorelin (GnRH agonist-Suprelorin® 4.7 mg) on follicular dynamics and plasma profile of FSH, LH, and progesterone (P4) during the last 20 days of an implantation period of 70 days and after the removal of the implant until the detection of the first ovulation in Nelore cows (Bos indicus). Seven animals had their ovulation synchronized. At the day of the detection of ovulation they received subcutaneous implant of deslorelin. In the last 20 days of the period of treatment, ultrasound scans were taken every 2 or 3 days to characterize the follicular dynamics according to diameter: I (<4 mm), II (4–6 mm), and III (>6 mm). Blood samples were collected to measure plasma concentrations of FSH, LH, and P4. Results were tested by ANOVA, and difference between means was defined using Tukey’s test with significance levels of 0.05. During the 70 days of deslorelin treatment, none of the animals ovulated, despite the implant not suppressing all follicular development. The ultrasound finding was confirmed by P4 plasma concentrations (range: 0.05–0.31 ng mL–1). The normal P4 plasma concentration expected in cycling Nelore cows is about 3.8 ng mL–1 (Satrapa et al. 2010 Reprod. Anim. Dom. 45, 881–887). During the last 20 days of treatment, 4 animals presented follicular development with max diameter ranging through 4 to 6 mm, whereas in the 3 remaining animals, the observed diameter ranged through 9 to 12 mm. The secretion of FSH and LH was not entirely suppressed during the study (range: 1.69–1.39 and 1.37–1.07 ng mL–1, respectively). After the removal of the deslorelin subcutaneous implant, the period of restoration of the ovulatory capacity was 29 days, and the mean diameter of the preovulatory follicle was 12.5 mm. The P4 plasma concentrations during this time were low (range: 0.15–0.09 ng mL–1). During the recovery period, the phenomenon of follicular codominance and double ovulation in 2 animals (2/7) was observed. From the results obtained, it can be concluded that the total implant treatment of 70 days with deslorelin in cows inhibits ovulation by not allowing LH surge, although the follicular development is not completely depressed. The financial support of FAPESP, Fundunesp, and CNPq are acknowledged.

Follicular dynamics and secretion of inhibin and oestradiol-17β during the oestrous cycle of the hamster

1995 ◽  
Vol 146 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Kishi ◽  
K Taya ◽  
G Watanabe ◽  
S Sasamoto
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Marked Decrease ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Antral Follicles ◽  
Follicular Maturation ◽  
Follicular Dynamics

Abstract Plasma and ovarian levels of inhibin were determined by a radioimmunoassay (RIA) at 3-h intervals throughout the 4-day oestrous cycle of hamsters. Plasma concentrations of FSH, LH, progesterone, testosterone and oestradiol-17β were also determined by RIAs. In addition, hamsters were injected at various times with human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) to determine the follicular development. The changes in plasma concentrations of FSH after injection of antisera to oestradiol-17β (oestradiol-AS) and inhibin (inhibin-AS) on the morning of day 2 (day 1=day of ovulation) were also determined. Plasma concentrations of inhibin showed a marked increase on the afternoon of day 1, remained at plateau levels until the morning of day 4, then increased abruptly on the afternoon of day 4 when preovulatory LH and FSH surges were initiated. A marked decrease in plasma concentrations of inhibin occurred during the process of ovulation after the preovulatory gonadotrophin surges. An inverse relationship between plasma levels of FSH and inhibin was observed when the secondary surge of FSH was in progress during the periovulatory period. Plasma concentrations of oestradiol-17β showed three increase phases and these changes differed from those of inhibin. Changes in plasma concentrations of oestradiol-17β correlated well with the maturation and regression of large antral follicles. Follicles capable of ovulating following hCG administration were first noted at 2300 h on day 1. The number of follicles capable of ovulating reached a maximum on the morning of day 3 (24·8± 0·6), and decreased by 0500 h on day 4 (15·0 ± 1·1), corresponding to the number of normal spontaneous ovulations. Plasma concentrations of FSH were dramatically increased within 6 h after inhibin-AS, though no increase in FSH levels was observed after oestradiol-AS. These findings suggest that changes in the plasma levels of inhibin during the oestrous cycle provide a precise indicator of follicular recruitment, and that the changes in plasma concentrations of oestradiol-17β are associated with follicular maturation. These findings also suggest that inhibin may play a major role in the inhibition of FSH secretion during the oestrous cycle of the hamster. Journal of Endocrinology (1995) 146, 169–176

scholarly journals Follicular dynamic and repeatability of follicular wave development in Peranakan Ongole (PO) cattle

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Imron ◽  
Iman Supriatna ◽  
. Amrozi ◽  
Mohamad Agus Setiadi
Keyword(s):  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Wave Pattern ◽  
Follicular Wave ◽  
Follicle Diameter ◽  
Wave Patterns ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Follicular Dynamics

<p class="abstrak2">Superovulation treatment on PO cattle (Bos indicus) was less responsive compared to Bos taurus breed. It might due to the difference of their follicular dynamic. This study was conducted to investigate the follicular dynamics and its repeatability in PO cattle. Follicular dynamics observations conducted on 9 cows trough ultrasound scanning every day. Observations of wave patterns repeatability were performed in 6 cows which its wave pattern already known on the next consecutive IOI.  Research result indicated that PO cattle had 3 (66%) and 4-waves (34%) pattern. The first wave of 3 and 4-waves pattern emerged on day -0.4+0.9 and 1.4+1.1 respectively.  The second wave of 3 and 4-wave pattern emerged on day 9.8+1.5 and 7.4+1.9 respectively.  The pattern of 3 waves has a longer follicle dominant duration (11.6+1.5 day) in the first wave of estrous cycle, compared with 4 waves pattern (10+2.92 and 7+1.00 day respectively). The growth rate of dominant follicle was not different significantly between the 3 and 4-waves pattern (0.87+0.23 and 0.94+0.25 mm/day respectively). Similarly, ovulatory follicle diameter between 3 and 4-waves pattern was also not different significantly (12.24+12.34 and 12.30+12.23 mm respectively). Observation of wave patterns repeatability in 6 PO cows indicated that PO cattle had high repeatability in follicular wave pattern (0.88) and the number of growing follicle was 0.91.  This study resulted data for dynamic of follicular development, wave pattern, its repeatability which be expected to design the protocol of superovulation treatment or other reproduction technologies based on follicular dynamic to improve its result in PO cattle.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Risk Factors and Treatment of Postpartum Anestrus in Cattle: The Case of Zebu

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
Moussa Garba Mahamadou ◽  
Mani Mamman ◽  
Hamadou Issa
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Repeated Injection ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Review Reports ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Sanitary Conditions ◽  
Subcutaneous Implant

This literature review reports on risk factors for postpartum anoestrus in zebus and their potential treatments. Prolonged postpartum anestrus is one of the major factors limiting reproductive efficiency in cattle, particularly in Bos indicus cows in tropical regions, as it prevents a calving interval of 365 days from being achieved. During anestrus, ovulation does not occur despite ovarian follicular development, as the growing follicles do not reach maturity. This period is very variable and depends on various factors whose importance is relative or, on the contrary, essential. Some are specific to the animal (breastfeeding or food); others relate more to its social environment, season sanitary conditions. Several hormonal treatments have been used to induce ovulation and cyclicity in postpartum cows. Generally speaking, given the inconsistency of the effects or even their lack of practicability, treatments using a single or repeated injection of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) have been gradually abandoned in favour of progestagens. These are administered for 8 to 12 days on a continuous basis in the form of a subcutaneous implant (Crestar®), a vaginal coil (PRID®) or a CIDR. A prostaglandin injection is given two days before the implant is removed. The addition of an ECG treatment at the time of device removal, which increased plasma progesterone concentrations and pregnancy rates in anestrous postpartum suckled Bos indicus cows, may be useful to improve reproductive performance. This improvement requires a better understanding of the effect of different risk factors on the recovery of postpartum cyclicity.

scholarly journals 209 NORGESTOMET IMPLANTS REDUCE LH RELEASE PATTERN IN ZEBU COWS UNDERGOING REPEATED OOCYTE PICK-UP

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 255
Author(s):  
J.H.M. Viana ◽  
L.S.A. Camargo ◽  
A.M. Ferreira ◽  
W.F. Sa ◽  
C.A.C. Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Ovarian Follicles ◽  
Systemic Steroid ◽  
Release Pattern ◽  
Lh Release ◽  
Follicular Puncture ◽  
And Control ◽  
Follicular Dynamics

Ultrasound-guided follicular puncture (OPU) has become the most used technique to recover cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) from valuable donors for in vitro embryo production, because of the low risk and the possibility of collecting COCs at intervals as short as twice-a-week. However, repeated aspiration of ovarian follicles may induce endocrine abnormalities due to partial luteinization of punctured follicles and interference with follicular development. The use of exogenous progestagens is an alternative used to control these side effects, and is under evaluation. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the effect of norgestomet treatment on intra-follicular and systemic steroid concentrations and on ovarian follicular dynamics is related to changes in LH releasing pattern. Pluriparous non-lactating Gir breed (Bos indicus) cows (n = 10) were randomly distributed between treatment (norgestomet ear implants, replaced weekly) and control (no hormone used) groups, and had their ovarian follicles larger than 3 mm in diameter aspirated twice a week, during the next two consecutive weeks. Follicular dynamics were evaluated every 12 h between OPU sessions, and the largest follicles present were used to recover samples of follicular fluid. Blood samples were collected daily for progesterone evaluation in all cows, and 3 times within a 4-h window interval, at 24, 48, 72, and 96 h after follicle puncture for LH evaluation, in 6 cows (3 from treated and 3 from control groups). LH was measured by a standardized RIA procedure. Data was analyzed by ANOVA, and means were compared by Tukey's test. Results are presented as means ± SEM. Treatment with norgestomet reduced mean progesterone plasma concentration during the evaluated period (36.3 ± 14.0 vs. 250.3 ± 49.3 pg/mL; P < 0.0001), the incidence of follicles growing above 9 mm (30% vs. 65%; P < 0.05) in the intervals between OPU sessions, and intrafollicular estradiol and progesterone concentrations in the largest follicles (n = 27) present (265.5 ± 47.4 and 34.9 ± 5.4 ng/mL vs. 765.2 ± 169.1 and 173.3 ± 43.4 ng/mL, respectively; P < 0.05). Plasma LH concentrations were consistently lower during the 3 session intervals in cows treated with norgestomet (0.16 ± 0.04, 0.22 ± 0.03, 0.22 ± 0.09 and 0.17 ± 0.01 vs. 0.44 ± 0.15, 0.53 ± 0.04, 0.42 ± 0.05 and 0.39 ± 0.11 for 24, 48, 72, and 96 h after OPU, respectively; P < 0.05). These results confirm the theory that norgestomet treatment is associated with a reduction in the LH-release pattern, as expected due to the reduction in both luteinization of punctured follicles and in the steroidogenic activity of growing follicles observed during the experiment. The use of norgestomet ear implants can be an alternative in the management of donor cows undergoing oocyte pickup. This work was sponsored by FAPEMIG and CNPq. The authors thank Dr. Robert Douglas for aiding with LH RIA.

scholarly journals Reproductive developmental dynamics during the early and intermediate prepuberal periods in Nelore breed (Bos indicus) calves

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taynan Stonoga Kawamoto ◽  
João Henrique Moreira Viana ◽  
Maurício Machaim Franco ◽  
Otávio Augusto Costa de Faria ◽  
Andrei Antonioni Guedes Fidelis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Correlation Method ◽  
Antral Follicle ◽  
Antral Follicle Count ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Somatic Development ◽  
Sexual Characteristics ◽  
Positive Correlations

The demand for calves as oocyte donors for in vitro embryo production is growing. However, Bos indicus have a late puberty, and some aspects of the reproductive physiology during the prepubertal period remain unclear. We characterized endocrine and morpho-functional reproductive features in Nelore calves (n=8) at 2- 5 (early prepubertal period, EPP) and from 8-11 months old (mo., intermediate prepubertal period, IPP). The calves’ ovaries and uterus were B-mode transrectal ultrasonography examined, and blood samples were collected every second week. The antral follicles number and size, and ovarian and uterine horn diameters, were recorded, and plasma FSH and LH concentrations were measured (RIA). Non-pregnant, non-lactating cyclic Nelore cows (n=8) were used as controls for endocrine endpoints. Somatic development was monitored by monthly weighing, and 3D scanning of the rump area. The somatic and endocrine endpoints were compared within and between EPP and IPP, and between each period and control cows. Associations were determined by the Spearman correlation method, and the developmental rates were determined by non-linear regression. All morphological endpoints, except antral follicle count, increased (P < 0.001) from the EPP to the IPP. However, within each period differences occurred only at EPP. During the EPP LH and FSH plasma concentrations were similar (P > 0.05), whereas during the IPP LH was lower (P < 0.05) and FSH was higher (P < 0.001) than control cows. The EPP calves showed moderate to high positive correlations among ovarian, uterine, and somatic endpoints. Conversely, the IPP such correlations were mostly weak. In summary, distinct ovarian activity and development patterns of primary and secondary sexual characteristics occurred in Nelore calves at 2- 5 mo compared to 8-11 mo.

FSH AND LH LEVELS IN THE INTACT AND UNILATERALLY OVARIECTOMIZED CYCLING RAT

1972 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard D. Peppler
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Slight Modification ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Successive Cycle ◽  
Unilateral Ovariectomy ◽  
Subsequent Cycle ◽  
Intact Rats

ABSTRACT Intact 5-day cycling rats were killed between 8–10 a. m. on each day of the oestrous cycle; experimental rats were unilaterally ovariectomized (ULO) at 9 a. m. on day 1 (oestrus) and killed between 8 and 10 a. m. on days 2, 3, 4 or 1 of the subsequent cycle. Pituitary and plasma concentrations of FSH and LH were measured in both groups of rats. Pituitary FSH concentration was measured by the Steelman-Pohley method with slight modification; plasma FSH by the Igarashi-McCann assay and pituitary and plasma LH concentration by the OAAD method. In intact rats, pituitary FSH values remained constant for the first three days of the cycle, increased on day 4 and reverted to early cycle values by day 5. Plasma FSH increased between days 2 and 3 and days 5 and 1. Pituitary LH concentration remained the same for days 1 and 2; increased two-fold on days 3 and 4, and increased further by day 5. Plasma LH increased between days 2 and 3; other differences between successive cycle days were not apparent. Following ULO on day 1, pituitary FSH increased steadily, but not significantly, for the remaining cycle. Plasma FSH did not change from day 2 through day 1 of the subsequent cycle. Pituitary LH remained low on day 2, increased sharply by day 3 and decreased (50 %) by day 4. Plasma LH also increased between days 2 and 3. Other differences between successive days following unilateral ovariectomy on day 1 were not apparent. Correlation of gonadotrophin activity with follicular development suggests that the mechanism of compensatory ovulation in the rat may be one of an increase in time of exposure to a constant gonadotrophic level for the duration of the oestrous cycle rather than to increased levels of the gonadotrophin.

Gestational exposure to Δ9-THC impacts ovarian follicular dynamics and angiogenesis in adulthood in Wistar rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Annia A. Martínez-Peña ◽  
Kendrick Lee ◽  
James J. Petrik ◽  
Daniel B. Hardy ◽  
Alison C. Holloway
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Angiogenic Factor ◽  
Postnatal Life ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Female Reproductive Health ◽  
Gestational Exposure ◽  
Follicular Dynamics

Abstract With the legalization of marijuana (Cannabis sativa) and increasing use during pregnancy, it is important to understand its impact on exposed offspring. Specifically, the effects of Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), the major psychoactive component of cannabis, on fetal ovarian development and long-term reproductive health are not fully understood. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of prenatal exposure to Δ9-THC on ovarian health in adult rat offspring. At 6 months of age, Δ9-THC-exposed offspring had accelerated folliculogenesis with apparent follicular development arrest, but no persistent effects on circulating steroid levels. Ovaries from Δ9-THC-exposed offspring had reduced blood vessel density in association with decreased expression of the pro-angiogenic factor VEGF and its receptor VEGFR-2, as well as an increase in the anti-angiogenic factor thrombospondin 1 (TSP-1). Collectively, these data suggest that exposure to Δ9-THC during pregnancy alters follicular dynamics during postnatal life, which may have long-lasting detrimental effects on female reproductive health.

Follicular dynamics and plasma FSH and progesterone concentrations during follicular deviation in the first post-ovulatory wave in Nelore (Bos indicus) heifers

2007 ◽  
Vol 98 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 189-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caliê Castilho ◽  
Joaquim M. Garcia ◽  
Andrea Renesto ◽  
Guilherme P. Nogueira ◽  
Leonardo F.C. Brito
Keyword(s):  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Follicular Dynamics

Recovery ability of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) after a short-term exposure to terbuthylazine

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Mikulikova ◽  
H. Modra ◽  
J. Blahova ◽  
K. Kruzikova´ ◽  
P. Marsalek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Hepatosomatic Index ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Plasma Albumin ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
High Regeneration ◽  
Biomarkers Of Oxidative Stress

Abstract Effects of a high terbuthylazine concentration (3.3 mg/l) on Cyprinus carpio were studied using a commercial herbicide formulation Click 500 SC (terbuthylazine 500 g/l). The fish were exposed to the pesticide for 24 h and allowed to recover for 6 days. Biometric parameters, plasma biochemical parameters and biomarkers of oxidative stress as well as histopathological changes in selected tissues were assessed on day 1 and 7. After a 24-h exposure, there were significant alterations found in the activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) as well as in the plasma concentrations of glucose, natrium, chlorides, calcium and phosphorus. Hepatosomatic index, plasma albumin and lactate reflected the treatment with a delay. Ion levels and ALT were found to be restored after a 6-day recovery period, which was too short for AST activity and glucose to diminish to the control levels. The histopathological examination revealed disorders in the gills of the exposed fish, however, the changes were not detected after a 6-day recovery period. The study shows high regeneration potential of the fish.

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