Alternative turnoff strategies for Kimberley beef cattle. 1. Live animal performance and carcass characteristics.

1987 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
WJ Ryan ◽  
D Pratchett ◽  
BL McIntyre
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Agricultural Area ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Live Animal ◽  
Grazing Season ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
The North

In June 1980, 190 Kimberley Shorthorn steers from five properties in the Kimberley were divided into three age categories. Half were sent to Chapman Research Station (CRS) in the agricultural area of Western Australia and the remainder stayed at Ord Regeneration Research Station (ORRS) in the Kimberley. Animals in both locations grazed for either one or two pasture growing seasons and a third group was fed a concentrate ration based on grain after the first growing season. Cattle lost between 20-30 kg in handling and transport south which, together with the reduced initial grazing season, led to gains of only 50 kg while those in the north gained around 100 kg. In the second grazing season at both locations animals gained around 140 kg. Animals at ORRS laid down more fat than those at CRS. Animals fed on concentrate rations in the agricultural area grew significantly faster, but had poorer food conversion and were leaner compared with those fed in the Kimberley.

scholarly journals Increase in perennial forage yields driven by climate change, at Apukka Research Station, Rovaniemi, 1980-2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oiva Niemeläinen ◽  
Antti Hannukkala ◽  
Lauri Jauhiainen ◽  
Kaija Hakala ◽  
Markku Niskanen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Meadow Fescue ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
The North

The official variety trials at Rovaniemi, Finland (66.58°N, 26.01°E) in 1980–2017 show a substantial increase in dry matter yields (DMY) of timothy (Phleum pratense), meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea), coinciding with a 156 °Cd increase in the average growing season Tsum and a 461 °Cd decrease in the average winter frost sum for the same period. The annual DMY of timothy was 3128, 4668, 8385 and 9352 kg ha-1 in the periods (P) 1980–1989 (P1), 1990–1999 (P2), 2000–2009 (P3), and 2010–2017 (P4). The first cut yielded 1792, 2166, 4008 and 4473, and the second cut 1337, 2503, 4378 and 4879 kg ha-1, respectively. Yields of meadow fescue followed a similar pattern. The first cut was about ten days and the second cut about one week earlier on P4 than on P1. Shorter snow cover period, milder winters, higher live ground cover of timothy in spring, and higher temperature sum during the growing season were most likely responsible for the yield increase. The results indicate a strong impact of climate change on DMY of perennial forage crops in the north.

scholarly journals An Assessment of First and Second Rotations Average Dominant/Codominant Height Growth for Slash Pine Plantations in South Georgia and North Florida

2002 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-71
Author(s):  
Charles E. Rose ◽  
Barry D. Shiver
Keyword(s):  
Soil Type ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
South Georgia ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
The North ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Planting Method ◽  
Source Site

Abstract A slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) successive rotation plantation study was established in 1978–1979 for the north Florida and south Georgia flatwoods. The second rotation duplicated the first rotation seed source, site preparation, planting method and density. The comparison between the two rotations is based on the mean dominant/codominant height differential across a range of soil types and ages. There is a significant rotation 1 minus rotation 2 mean dominant/codominant height difference across the sites for all ages. Rotation 1 is 1.9 and 5.4 ft higher for mean dominant/codominant height at ages 2 and 20. The height differential is generally more significant for the spodosol soil type than the nonspodosol soil type. Rotation 1 generally experienced more favorable precipitation, for both the amount and timing of the precipitation within a year, than rotation 2. Rotation 2 experienced drought events and high growing season average temperatures during the first two growing seasons, while rotation 1 was near normal for this period. The evidence suggests that a main contributor to the decrease in mean dominant/codominant height across the spectrum of plots and age classes is the generally less favorable climatic growing season conditions experienced by rotation 2 relative to rotation 1. South. J. Appl. For. 26(2):61–71.

scholarly journals Effect of mature spruce forest on canopy interception in subalpine conditions during three growing seasons

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 436-446
Author(s):  
Martin Jančo ◽  
Pavel Mezei ◽  
Andrej Kvas ◽  
Michal Danko ◽  
Patrik Sleziak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growing Season ◽  
Canopy Gap ◽  
Synoptic Situation ◽  
Spruce Forest ◽  
Canopy Interception ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
The North ◽  
Precipitation Total ◽  
Normal Period ◽  
Spruce Stands

Abstract The interception process in subalpine Norway spruce stands plays an important role in the distribution of throughfall. The natural mountain spruce forest where our measurements of throughfall and gross precipitation were carried out, is located on the tree line at an elevation of 1,420 m a.s.l. in the Western Tatra Mountains (Slovakia, Central Europe). This paper presents an evaluation of the interception process in a natural mature spruce stand during the growing season from May to October in 2018–2020. We also analyzed the daily precipitation events within each growing season and assigned to them individual synoptic types. The amount and distribution of precipitation during the growing season plays an important role in the precipitation-interception process, which confirming the evaluation of individual synoptic situations. During the monitored growing seasons, precipitation was normal (2018), sub-normal (2019) and above-normal (2020) in comparison with long-term precipitation (1988–2017). We recorded the highest precipitation in the normal and above-normal precipitation years during the north-eastern cyclonic synoptic situation (NEc). During these two periods, interception showed the lowest values in the dripping zone at the crown periphery, while in the precipitation sub-normal period (2019), the lowest interception was reached by the canopy gap. In the central crown zone near the stem, interception reached the highest value in each growing season. In the evaluated vegetation periods, interception reached values in the range of 19.6–24.1% of gross precipitation total in the canopy gap, 8.3–22.2% in the dripping zone at the crown periphery and 45.7–51.6% in the central crown zone near the stem. These regimes are expected to change in the Western Tatra Mts., as they have been affected by windstorms and insect outbreaks in recent decades. Under disturbance regimes, changes in interception as well as vegetation, at least for some period of time, are unavoidable.

EFFICIENCY OF FEED UTILIZATION BY THREE-BREED CROSS STEERS

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. McKAY ◽  
G. W. RAHNEFELD
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Cattle Breed ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Live Animal ◽  
Breed Crosses ◽  
Terminal Sire ◽  
Maternal Grandsire

Feed efficiencies, defined as feed-to-gain or weight ratios, were computed on 1046 steers reared between 1973 and 1978 at the Brandon Research Station. The progeny were out of 10 specific F1 crosses of dams mated to Charolais (C), Simmental (S), Limousin (L), and Chianina (Chi) bulls with none of the F1 dams being backcrossed. Dam crosses included the Hereford × Angus (HA) and crosses sired by C, S, and L bulls out of Hereford (H), Angus (A), and Shorthorn (N) dams. Feed-to-gain ratios were calculated on a live animal postweaning basis (for both a 140-d test and total liveweight gain from on-test to slaughter) and a carcass basis (hot carcass weight and rough or untrimmed lean, fat, and bone weights of combined cuts). The combined cuts were the rib, long loin (comprising the short loin and the sirloin butt), and round. In the live animal traits, the progeny from the 10 F1 dam crosses did not differ, but on a carcass basis, the progeny from the "exotic" crosses had better feed-to-gain ratios than the HA cross. Differences among the progeny of the "exotic" crosses included: C crosses < L crosses, "exotic" × A and "exotic" × N < "exotic" × H for hot carcass weight; "exotic" × N < "exotic" × H for rough weight of the combined cuts; S crosses < L crosses and "exotic" × N < "exotic" × A for fat and bone weights of the combined cuts; and "exotic" × N < "exotic" × H for fat weight of the combined cuts. There were no significant breed of dam's sire (maternal grandsire) × breed of dam's dam (maternal grand-dam) effects. Differences in breed of dam's sire were C < S for 140-d test, C < L for total liveweight gain, and S < L for bone weight of the combined cuts. Breed of dam's dam differences were N < (A = H) for fat weight of the combined cuts. Breed of terminal sire effects revealed that the progeny from the S and C breeds were similar for all measures of feed efficiency and the L and C breeds were only similar for feed efficiencies expressed on a carcass basis. Progeny from the Chi breed were comparable to the progeny from the C breed but not to the progeny from the S and L breeds in these traits. Key words: Beef cattle, breed crosses, steers, feed efficiency

scholarly journals Spring Triticale Varieties Forage Yield, Nutrients Composition and Suitability for Beef Cattle Production

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Kabal S. Gill ◽  
Akim T. Omokanye
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Nutrition Quality ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
The North ◽  
Cattle Feeding ◽  
Spring Triticale ◽  
Feed Value

<p>The objective was to explore the potentials of five spring triticale (x<em>Triticosecale </em>Wittmack) varieties (AC Ultima, Bunker, Companion, Pronghorn, Taza and Tyndal) for integration into beef cattle feeding systems in the north western Alberta, Canada. This was carried out over four growing seasons (2009 to 2012) at different sites, using RCBD in each year. The crop was cut at late milk stage to determine the silage (SY), dry matter (DMY) and protein (CPY) yields, and nutrition quality. The mean DMY was similar (P<em> </em>&gt; 0.05) for all varieties, ranging from 8.14 to 8.53 t ha<sup>-1</sup>. The forage DM was higher (P<em> </em>&lt;<em> </em>0.05) in 2009 and 2012 growing seasons (8.91 and 9.40 t ha<sup>-1</sup>, respectively) and lower in 2010 growing season (5.93 t ha<sup>-1</sup>) than in 2011 (8.33 t ha<sup>-1</sup>). The forage nutritive values revealed that tested varieties have potentials in terms of protein (7.72-8.32%) and some macro (particularly Ca &amp; K) and micro (especially Fe &amp; Mn) mineral elements and energy contents (62.1-64.1% TDN, 1.51-1.57 Mcal kg<sup>-1</sup>ME) for pregnant cows that are in the second and third trimester stages. Levels of relative feed value (RFV) was high (110-121) and more than the minimum suggested RFV for mature beef cattle. But levels of P, Mg, Na, S, Cu and Zn were insufficient to meet the suggested amounts needed by a dry gestating cow. The growing seasons appeared to have significant (P &lt; 0.05) effects on most of the measured parameters. The implications of these findings on uses of triticale forage in ruminant nutrition and the need for more studies are discussed.</p>

Anthracnose Resistance in Sorghum Breeding Lines Developed from Ethiopian Germplasm

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
John E. Erpelding
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Tropical Agriculture ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Anthracnose Resistance ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Resistant Lines ◽  
Sorghum Breeding

Ninety-nine dwarf and photoperiod-insensitive breeding lines developed from Ethiopian sorghum germplasm were inoculated with Colletotrichum sublineolum and evaluated for anthracnose resistance at the Tropical Agriculture Research Station in Isabela, Puerto Rico, during the 2008 and 2009 growing seasons. A resistant response was observed for 57 lines in 2008 and for 47 lines in 2009 with 44 lines showing a resistant response across growing seasons. These lines showed reddening of inoculated leaves and no acervuli. Variation in resistance across growing seasons and replications within a growing season was observed for 19 lines rated as susceptible and these lines also showed low disease severity. Mean disease severity for the susceptible accessions was similar across growing seasons with a mean of 26% for 42 lines in 2008 and 23% for 52 lines in 2009. The resistant lines showed phenotypic diversity in response to anthracnose, suggesting potential genetic variation for resistance. Accepted for publication 31 October 2010. Published 23 November 2010.

Live-Animal Prediction of Cutability and other Beef Carcass Characteristics by Several Judges

1964 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 1102-1107 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. L. Wilson ◽  
C. A. Dinkel ◽  
H. J. Tuma ◽  
J. A. Minyard
Keyword(s):  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Animal ◽  
Beef Carcass

scholarly journals Growth Responses of Boreal Scots Pine, Norway Spruce and Silver Birch Seedlings to Simulated Climate Warming over Three Growing Seasons in a Controlled Field Experiment

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 943
Author(s):  
Katri Nissinen ◽  
Virpi Virjamo ◽  
Antti Kilpeläinen ◽  
Veli-Pekka Ikonen ◽  
Laura Pikkarainen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Silver Birch ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Simulated Climate ◽  
Shoot And Root Biomass

We studied the growth responses of boreal Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.) and silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) seedlings to simulated climate warming of an average of 1.3 °C over the growing season in a controlled field experiment in central Finland. We had six replicate plots for elevated and ambient temperature for each tree species. The warming treatment lasted for the conifers for three growing seasons and for the birch two growing seasons. We measured the height and diameter growth of all the seedlings weekly during the growing season. The shoot and root biomass and their ratios were measured annually in one-third of seedlings harvested from each plot in autumn. After two growing seasons, the height, diameter and shoot biomass were 45%, 19% and 41% larger in silver birch seedlings under the warming treatment, but the root biomass was clearly less affected. After three growing seasons, the height, diameter, shoot and root biomass were under a warming treatment 39, 47, 189 and 113% greater in Scots pine, but the root:shoot ratio 29% lower, respectively. The corresponding responses of Norway spruce to warming were clearly smaller (e.g., shoot biomass 46% higher under a warming treatment). As a comparison, the relative response of height growth in silver birch was after two growing seasons equal to that measured in Scots pine after three growing seasons. Based on our findings, especially silver birch seedlings, but also Scots pine seedlings benefitted from warming, which should be taken into account in forest regeneration in the future.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document