scholarly journals Syphilis: a fresh look at an old foe

Sexual Health ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Y. Chen ◽  
Jeffrey D. Klausner ◽  
Christopher Kit Fairley ◽  
Rebecca Guy ◽  
David Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Surveillance Data ◽  
Public Health Interventions ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Sex With Men

Syphilis remains a pressing public health problem globally across different populations including men who have sex with men and pregnant women. It is timely to review what international surveillance data tell us and the evidence behind public health interventions aimed at controlling syphilis. A reinvigorated response to the re-emergence of syphilis is required.

Syphilis epidemiology and public health interventions in Western Australia from 1991 to 2009

Sexual Health ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kellie S. H. Kwan ◽  
Carolien M. Giele ◽  
Heath S. Greville ◽  
Carole A. Reeve ◽  
P. Heather Lyttle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Aboriginal People ◽  
Congenital Syphilis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Public Health Interventions ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Notification Data ◽  
The Impact

Objectives To describe the epidemiology of congenital and infectious syphilis during 1991–2009, examine the impact of public health interventions and discuss the feasibility of syphilis elimination among Aboriginal people in Western Australia (WA). Methods: WA congenital and infectious syphilis notification data in 1991–2009 and national infectious syphilis notification data in 2005–2009 were analysed by Aboriginality, region of residence, and demographic and behavioural characteristics. Syphilis public health interventions in WA from 1991–2009 were also reviewed. Results: During 1991–2009, there were six notifications of congenital syphilis (50% Aboriginal) and 1441 infectious syphilis notifications (61% Aboriginal). During 1991–2005, 88% of notifications were Aboriginal, with several outbreaks identified in remote WA. During 2006–2009, 62% of notifications were non-Aboriginal, with an outbreak in metropolitan men who have sex with men. The Aboriginal : non-Aboriginal rate ratio decreased from 173 : 1 (1991–2005) to 15 : 1 (2006–2009). Conclusions: These data demonstrate that although the epidemiology of syphilis in WA has changed over time, the infection has remained endemic among Aboriginal people in non-metropolitan areas. Given the continued public health interventions targeted at this population, the limited success in eliminating syphilis in the United States and the unique geographical and socioeconomic features of WA, the elimination of syphilis seems unlikely in this state.

scholarly journals Reproductive and Obstetric Factors Are Key Predictors of Maternal Anemia during Pregnancy in Ethiopia: Evidence from Demographic and Health Survey (2011)

Anemia ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taddese Alemu ◽  
Melaku Umeta
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
Under Five ◽  
History Of ◽  
Anemia During Pregnancy

Anemia is a major public health problem worldwide. In Ethiopia, a nationally representative and consistent evidence is lacking on the prevalence and determinants during pregnancy. We conducted an in-depth analysis of demographic and health survey for the year 2011 which is a representative data collected from all regions in Ethiopia. Considering maternal anemia as an outcome variable, predicting variables from sociodemographic, household, and reproductive/obstetric characteristics were identified for analyses. Logistic regression model was applied to identify predictors atP<0.05. The prevalence of anemia among pregnant women was 23%. Maternal age, region, pregnancy trimester, number of under five children, previous history of abortion (termination of pregnancy), breastfeeding practices, and number of antenatal care visits were key independent predictors of anemia during pregnancy. In conclusion, the level of anemia during pregnancy is a moderate public health problem in Ethiopia. Yet, special preventive measures should be undertaken for pregnant women who are older in age and having too many under five children and previous history of abortion. Further evidence is expected to be generated concerning why pregnant mothers from the eastern part of the country and those with better access to radio disproportionately develop anemia more than their counterparts.

scholarly journals Willingness to reprimand smoking among pregnant women

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
K Klimiuk
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Pregnant Woman ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Public Health Interventions ◽  
Mental Work ◽  
Exclusive Group

Abstract Introduction Even though smoking can cause numerous threats to the developing foetus, it is nevertheless the most common addiction in Polish women of reproductive age. Pregnant women feel an intense conflict when someone smokes in their surroundings and little research has been done to assess the relations and support in an exclusive group of pregnant women. Most studies undertake to examine the subject using focus methodology of opposing second-hand smoking or creating tools to reprimand pregnant women more effectively. The aim of our study was to determine the profile of a pregnant woman who is willing to oppose smoking of another pregnant woman. Methods The survey was shared on Polish websites for expecting parents with a request for completion that was addressed at pregnant women, regardless of pregnancy trimester, Study was conducted from November 2016 to April 2017. Participants: Complete questionnaires were collected from 11,448 pregnant women. The cross-cutting research was conducted using an original questionnaire. A computer-assisted web interviewing (CAWI) was used to reach the respondents. The snowball sampling method was used to collect the questionnaires. The logistic regression model was used to determine the probability. Results Predictors of drawing other pregnant women attention to the fact that smoking is harmful were: mental work (OR1,1136) and study (OR1,363), involvement of the child's father (OR1,377), contact with social campaigns (OR1,150) and knowledge about the consequences of smoking, as well as talking to the midwife about the harmfulness of cigarettes during pregnancy (OR1,655). Conclusions Interpersonal relationships leave scope for public health interventions. It is worth enhancing criticism against smoking by specialists through information and education campaigns. Key messages The conducted research shows that actions aimed at raising awareness of the harmfulness of smoking in pregnancy have a positive effect. Interpersonal relationships leave scope for public health interventions.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Asymptomatic Enteric Pathogen Detection Among Men Who Have Sex With Men

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah A Williamson ◽  
Eric P F Chow ◽  
Darren Lee ◽  
Kate Maddaford ◽  
Michelle Sait ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pathogen Detection ◽  
Enteric Pathogen ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Enteric Pathogens ◽  
Public Health Interventions ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Group Sex

Abstract Improved knowledge of factors that promote outbreaks of enteric pathogens among men who have sex with men (MSM) could enable targeted public health interventions. We detected enteric pathogens in 57 of 519 (11%) asymptomatic MSM, and we found that enteric pathogen detection was associated with both oroanal sex (rimming) and group sex.

Tetanus in Southeast Asia

1988 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-178
Author(s):  
R Kim-Farley ◽  
I Mochny ◽  
A Schnur
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Tetanus Toxoid ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Neonatal Tetanus ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Immunisation Coverage

With an estimated 337, 000 cases and 270, 000 deaths due to neonatal tetanus each year, tetanus remains a major public health problem in Southeast Asia. Although immunisation coverage of pregnant women with tetanus toxoid and infants with Diphtheria Pertussis Tetanus (DPT) has increased, it is clear that immunisation activities must be accelerated to meet the 1990 goal of Universal Child Immunisation and eliminate the needless suffering, disability and death from tetanus.

scholarly journals The Incidence and Effects of Alloimmunization in Pregnancy During the Period 2000 – 2013

2017 ◽  
Vol 77 (07) ◽  
pp. 780-785
Author(s):  
Marjana Jerković Raguž ◽  
Darinka Šumanovic Glamuzina ◽  
Jerko Brzica ◽  
Tonći Gruica
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Transfusion Medicine ◽  
Coombs Test ◽  
Hemolytic Disease ◽  
Antibody Specificities ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract Introduction The objective of the analysis was to examine the epidemiological aspects of maternal alloimmunization and to determine the most common antibody specificities resulting in hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN). Materials and Methods The retrospective epidemiological study encompasses all pregnant women who underwent immunohematological screening and the newborn treated for HDN in the period from 2000 to 2013 in the Herzegovina region. Results The indirect Coombs test (ICT) detected antibodies against antigens in 384 (2.4%) pregnant women of the 18 800 who were tested at the Department of Transfusion Medicine. The direct Coombs test (DCT) detected antibodies against antigens in 160 (0.8%) newborn treated for HDN. The results of our 13-year study, in which 60% of the pregnant women had non-RhD antibodies, confirms this finding. Conclusion However, we have reached the 21st century and the burden of alloimmunisation in pregnancy is still on our backs. The problem of immunization and HDN is still present in our region, which is a neonatal and public health problem.

scholarly journals Roles of Interferons in Pregnant Women with Dengue Infection: Protective or Dangerous Factors

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Zhang ◽  
Zhiyi He ◽  
Wenting Zeng ◽  
Hong-Juan Peng
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Virus Replication ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Dengue Infection ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Inhibit Virus Replication ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Dengue infection is a serious public health problem in tropical and subtropical areas. With the recent outbreaks of Zika disease and its reported correlation with microcephaly, the large number of pregnancies with dengue infection has become a serious concern. This review describes the epidemiological characteristics of pregnancy with dengue and the initial immune response to dengue infection, especially in IFNs production in this group of patients. Dengue is much more prevalent in pregnant women compared with other populations. The severity of dengue is correlated with the level of IFNs, while the serum IFN level must be sufficiently high to maintain the pregnancy and to inhibit virus replication.

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