Organic based integrated nutrient management scheme enhances soil carbon storage in rainfed rice (Oryza sativa) cultivation

Soil organic carbon (C) management in agricultural fields can act improve soil health and productivity. However, reports on the C release pattern and the interactive effects of plant physiological parameters on soil C storage from subtropical regions of the world where rice is cultivated as a dominant food crop are inadequate. The interactions between plant metabolism, soil C storage, and organic-based nutrient management schemes have been little studied. Hence, a study was undertaken in rainfed winter rice to evaluate the effects of different levels of organics (crop residue (CR) and farmyard manure (FYM)) along with inorganic (NPK) inputs in an alluvial soil. The experiment was conducted in a typical humid subtropical climate in north-eastern India. The CR of the preceding rice crop (pre-monsoon) and cow dung based FYM were used as organic inputs for monsoon rice, which were applied in various combinations with inorganic fertilisers. We studied the influence of these selected nutrient management schemes on soil health attributes, C storage, and plant parameters. The highest gain in C storage (11.65%) was in soil under 80% NPK + CR (5 t ha–1) + FYM (10 t ha–1) treatment. Correspondingly, significant improvement (P < 0.05) in total C, dissolved organic C, and nitrogen availability in soil was evident under this treatment leading to augmentation of soil organic matter status and the net amount of sequestered C in soil after two years of rice cultivation. Such improvements resulted in greater flag leaf photosynthesis, biomass accumulation, and grain yield than the conventionally managed crops. Overall, this research showcases that organic-dominated nutrient management not only restored soil health but was also able to compensate 20% of the recommended NPK fertilisation without penalty on crop yield.

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Soil Health as Influenced by Fertilizer Management in Rice Based Cropping System

Bangladesh Rice Journal ◽

10.3329/brj.v24i2.53452 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 119-131

Author(s):

MM Haque ◽

MR Islam ◽

MS Rahman ◽

MAR Sarkar ◽

MAA Mamun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crop Production ◽

Nutrient Management ◽

Soil Health ◽

Cropping System ◽

Crop Productivity ◽

Cow Dung ◽

Wet Season ◽

Management Options ◽

Cropping Patterns ◽

Soil C

Nutrient management influences soil health and crop productivity. Sustained crop production re-quires specific nutrient management options after a certain period. The objectives of this investigation were to examine the effects of inorganic and organic fertilization on yields and soil carbon budget under rice based cropping patterns in Bangladesh. The research data and informationhave been gen-erated based on previouslypublished, unpublished sources and own concept.Omission of K or im-balanced K are more influential for reduction in grain yield up to 47% in Boro (dry) season but N was most limiting up to 35% in T. Aman (wet) season. With existing fertilizer rates for growing rice, the balances of N and K are always negative. Balanced chemical fertilizer (NPKSZn) can be an option for improving crop productivity and maintain soil quality. Net ecosystem carbon (C) balances are posi-tive when 3 t ha-1 cow dung (CD), 2 t ha-1 poultry manure (PM) and 2 t ha-1 vermicompost (VC) are used in combination with chemical fertilizers. Soil amendments with organic nutrient sources (rice straw, CD, PM, VC, legume crops) and rice based cropping patterns such as T. Aman-Mustard-Boro, Boro-Fallow-Fallow, Jute-T. Aman-Fallow, Wheat-Mungbean-T. Aman, Grass pea- T. Aus-T. Aman and Potato-Boro-T. Aman can be beneficial in improving soil C budget, soil nutrient ratio, total crop production and maintenance of environmental health that will meet SDGs goal. Bangladesh Rice J. 24 (2): 119-131, 2021

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Higher stand densities can promote soil carbon storage after conversion of temperate mixed natural forests to larch plantations

European Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1007/s10342-020-01346-9 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Meng Na ◽

Xiaoyang Sun ◽

Yandong Zhang ◽

Zhihu Sun ◽

Johannes Rousk

Keyword(s):

Forest Management ◽

Soil Carbon ◽

Stand Density ◽

C Sequestration ◽

Tree Density ◽

Natural Forests ◽

Soil C ◽

C Storage ◽

Soil C Storage ◽

Soil C Sequestration

AbstractSoil carbon (C) reservoirs held in forests play a significant role in the global C cycle. However, harvesting natural forests tend to lead to soil C loss, which can be countered by the establishment of plantations after clear cutting. Therefore, there is a need to determine how forest management can affect soil C sequestration. The management of stand density could provide an effective tool to control soil C sequestration, yet how stand density influences soil C remains an open question. To address this question, we investigated soil C storage in 8-year pure hybrid larch (Larix spp.) plantations with three densities (2000 trees ha−1, 3300 trees ha−1 and 4400 trees ha−1), established following the harvesting of secondary mixed natural forest. We found that soil C storage increased with higher tree density, which mainly correlated with increases of dissolved organic C as well as litter and root C input. In addition, soil respiration decreased with higher tree density during the most productive periods of warm and moist conditions. The reduced SOM decomposition suggested by lowered respiration was also corroborated with reduced levels of plant litter decomposition. The stimulated inputs and reduced exports of C from the forest floor resulted in a 40% higher soil C stock in high- compared to low-density forests within 8 years after plantation, providing effective advice for forest management to promote soil C sequestration in ecosystems.

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Microbial Mechanisms Mediating Increased Soil C Storage under Elevated Atmospheric N Deposition

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.03156-12 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 79 (4) ◽

pp. 1191-1199 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

Sarah D. Eisenlord ◽

Zachary Freedman ◽

Donald R. Zak ◽

Kai Xue ◽

Zhili He ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Forest Floor ◽

Forest Ecosystems ◽

N Deposition ◽

Fungal Communities ◽

Functional Genes ◽

Atmospheric N Deposition ◽

Soil C ◽

C Storage ◽

Genes Encoding ◽

Soil C Storage

ABSTRACTFuture rates of anthropogenic N deposition can slow the cycling and enhance the storage of C in forest ecosystems. In a northern hardwood forest ecosystem, experimental N deposition has decreased the extent of forest floor decay, leading to increased soil C storage. To better understand the microbial mechanisms mediating this response, we examined the functional genes derived from communities of actinobacteria and fungi present in the forest floor using GeoChip 4.0, a high-throughput functional-gene microarray. The compositions of functional genes derived from actinobacterial and fungal communities was significantly altered by experimental nitrogen deposition, with more heterogeneity detected in both groups. Experimental N deposition significantly decreased the richness and diversity of genes involved in the depolymerization of starch (∼12%), hemicellulose (∼16%), cellulose (∼16%), chitin (∼15%), and lignin (∼16%). The decrease in richness occurred across all taxonomic groupings detected by the microarray. The compositions of genes encoding oxidoreductases, which plausibly mediate lignin decay, were responsible for much of the observed dissimilarity between actinobacterial communities under ambient and experimental N deposition. This shift in composition and decrease in richness and diversity of genes encoding enzymes that mediate the decay process has occurred in parallel with a reduction in the extent of decay and accumulation of soil organic matter. Our observations indicate that compositional changes in actinobacterial and fungal communities elicited by experimental N deposition have functional implications for the cycling and storage of carbon in forest ecosystems.

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Soil organic carbon stocks under different páramo vegetation covers in Ecuador’s northern Andes

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-4121 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Marlon Calispa ◽

Raphaël van Ypersele ◽

Benoît Pereira ◽

Sebastián Páez-Bimos ◽

Veerle Vanacker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Volcanic Ash ◽

Vegetation Type ◽

Regional Scale ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Related Factors ◽

Organic C ◽

Soil C ◽

C Storage ◽

Soc Stocks ◽

Volcanic Ash Soils

The Ecuadorian p&#225;ramo, a neotropical ecosystem located in the upper Andes, acts as a constant source of high-quality water. It also stores significant amounts of C at the regional scale. In this region, volcanic ash soils sustain most of the paramo, and C storage results partly from their propensity to accumulate organic matter. Vegetation type is known to influence the balance between plant C inputs and soil C losses, ultimately affecting the soil organic C (SOC) content and stock. Tussock-forming grass (spp. Calamagrostis Intermedia; TU), cushion-like plants (spp. Azorella pedunculata; CU) and shrubs and trees (Polylepis stands) are commonly found in the p&#225;ramo. Our understanding of SOC stocks and dynamics in the p&#225;ramo remains limited, despite mounting concerns that human activities are increasingly affecting vegetation and potentially, the capacity of these ecosystems to store C.Here, we compare the organic C content and stock in soils under tussock-forming grass (spp. Calamagrostis Intermedia; TU) and soils under cushion-like plants (spp. Azorella pedunculata; CU). The study took place at Jatunhuayco, a watershed on the western slopes of Antisana volcano in the northern Ecuadorian Andes. Two areas of similar size (~0.35 km2) were surveyed. Fourty soil samples were collected randomly in each area to depths varying from 10 to 30 cm (A horizon) and from 30 to 75 cm (2Ab horizon). The soils are Vitric Andosols and the 2Ab horizon corresponds to a soil buried by the tephra fall from the Quilotoa eruption about 800 yr. BP. Sixteen intact soil samples were collected in Kopecky's cylinders for bulk density (BD) determination of each horizon.The average SOC content in the A horizon of the CU sites (9.4&#177;0.5%) is significantly higher (Mann-Whitney U test, p<0.05) than that of the TU sites (8.0&#177;0.4%), probably reflecting a larger input of root biomass from the cushion-forming plants. The 2Ab horizon contains less organic C (i.e. TU: 4.3&#177;0.3% and CU: 4.0&#177;0.4%) than the A horizon, but the SOC contents are undistinguishable between the two vegetation types. This suggests that the influence of vegetation type on SOC is limited to the A horizon. The average SOC stocks (in the first 30 cm from the soil) for TU and CU are 20.04&#177;1.1 and 18.23&#177;1.0 kg/m2,respectively. These values are almost two times greater than the global average reported for Vitric Andosols (~8.2 kg/m2&#160;), but are lower than the estimates obtained for some wetter Andean p&#225;ramos (22.5&#177;5 kg/m2, 270% higher rainfall) from Ecuador. Our stock values further indicate that vegetation type has a limited effect on C storage in the young volcanic ash soils found at Jatunhuyaco. Despite a higher SOC content, the CU soils store a stock of organic C similar to that estimated for the TU soils. This likely reflects the comparatively lower BD of the former soils (650&#177;100 vs. 840&#177;30 kg/m3). Additional studies are needed in order to establish the vegetation-related factors driving the SOC content and stability in the TU and CU soils.

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Biomass and carbon storage in an age-sequence of Acacia mangium plantation forests in Southeastern region, Vietnam

Forest Systems ◽

10.5424/fs/2020292-16685 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. e009

Author(s):

Cuong Levan ◽

Hung Buimanh ◽

Bolanle-Ojo Oluwasanmi Tope ◽

Xiaoniu Xu ◽

Thanh Nguyenminh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Storage ◽

Acacia Mangium ◽

Understory Vegetation ◽

Stand Age ◽

Tree Biomass ◽

Organic C ◽

Soil C ◽

C Storage ◽

Age Sequence ◽

Southeastern Region

Aim of the study: The major objective of this study was to estimate the biomass increment and carbon (C) storage of the main ecosystem components in an age-sequence of three Acacia mangium plantation stands.Area of study: Chang Riec Historical - Cultural Forest, Southeastern region, Vietnam.Material and methods: In order to assess the biomass of different tree components, 36 trees with diameter at breast height ranging from 13.38 to 22.87 cm were harvested from the different aged stands. Biomasses of understory (shrubs and herbs), and litter were also determined. Carbon storage in the trees and understory biomass, litter, and mineral soil (0-50 cm) were determined by analyzing the C content of each compartment.Main results: The biomass in trees, understory vegetation, litter, and ecosystem increased with stand age. Soil C represented 61.99% of the total, aboveground tree biomass C made up 26.73%, belowground tree biomass C accounted for 7.01%, and litter comprised 2.96%, whereas only a small amount (1.30%) was associated with understory vegetation. The average C content of total tree (47.97%) was higher than those of understory and litter. Soil organic C stock in the top 50 cm depth in 4-, 7- and 11-year-old stands of A. mangium were 86.86, 126.88 and 140.94 Mg. C ha-1 respectively. Soil C concentration decreased continually with increasing soil depth. Total C storage of three planted forests ranged from 131.36 to 255.86 Mg. C ha-1, of which 56.09 - 67.61% of C storage was in the soil and 26.88 - 40.40% in the trees.Research highlights: These results suggest that A. mangium is a promising afforestation tree species with fast growing, high biomass accumulation and high C sequestration potential.Keywords: Acacia mangium plantations; Biomass; Ecosystem carbon storage; Age-sequence; Vietnam.

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Assessment of soil carbon storage and nutrient contents in some wetlands soils of the northeastern region of Bangladesh

Dhaka University Journal of Biological Sciences ◽

10.3329/dujbs.v30i1.51815 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 115-124

Author(s):

Arafat Rahman ◽

MS Islam ◽

Humyra B Murshed ◽

MJ Uddin ◽

ASM Mohiuddin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Depth ◽

Integrated Management ◽

Management Approach ◽

Wetland Soils ◽

Soil Layers ◽

Soil C ◽

Nutrient Contents ◽

C Storage ◽

Soil C Storage ◽

Land Types

An investigation was carried out in four designated wetlands to assess soil organic carbon (SOC) storage and evaluate soil nutrients of the northeastern Sylhet basin of Bangladesh. SOC storage was the highest in the Nikli wetland (4.1 Tg), followed by Hakaluki (4.0 Tg), Hail (2.8 Tg) and Balai wetland soils (2.6 Tg) at 100 cm depths. It is found that the total soil C storage across the medium low land (MLL) and low land (LL) sites covering the four wetlands of the Sylhet basin is about 13.5Tg. C storage across the MLL and LL sites at 100 cm depths was estimated about 5.1Tg and 8.4Tg respectively. It is found that SOC storage was higher in the low land sites in contrast to medium low land sites. The soil property varies depending on land types, soil depths and spatial distributions. Among the investigated wetland soils, Hakaluki wetland stored higher amount of SOC in the deeper soil layers whereas an inverse relationship between soil depth and SOC storage was noted for rest of the wetlands. It is apprehended that SOC storage thus gradually lessening in greater magnitude due to climate change and other anthropogenic reasons. An integrated management approach should be developed to restore the SOC sink. Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 30(1): 115-124, 2021 (January)

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