Soil profile development in some alluvial deposits of eastern New South Wales

Soil Research ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 305 ◽  
Author(s):  
PH Walker ◽  
RJ Coventry
Keyword(s):  
Soil Profile ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Mineral Weathering ◽  
Alluvial Deposits ◽  
Low Contrast ◽  
Flood Plains ◽  
South Wales ◽  
The One

Soil profile data from river terrace sequences on the New South Wales coast and southern highlands have been summarized. In all sequences the profiles have a progressive increase in soil development from low alluvial benches to flood plains to terraces. The general similarity of soils among these and other alluvial sequences in eastern New South Wales is the basis of a descriptive generalization in terms of five profile stages: stratic stage on low alluvial benches; cumulic stage on flood plains; low-contrast solum stage on low terraces; high-contrast solum stage on high terraces; extended subsolum stage on highest terraces. Sufficient lack of correlation occurs between sequences to suggest that the profile stages are groupings within a continuous spectrum of profile variation, the whole representing the one pedogenetic pathway. Pedogenesis in these alluvial landscapes is considered to progress through the development, first of a biotic profile which reaches a maximum within 1000 years, which is then degraded with the onset of mineral weathering and B horizon development, to a maximum solum form within 30 000 years. The rates of change of biotic and mineral profile components are sufficiently slow that only broad limits of confidence can be applied to soil stratigraphic correlations based on field morphology alone.

Chemistry of the Cudgegong River, New South Wales

1979 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 325 ◽  
Author(s):  
GL Muir ◽  
WD Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Major Ions ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Mineral Weathering ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Made In

Studies of the chemical characteristics of the Cudgegong River, N.S.W., were made in December 1974, November and December 1975 and January and June 1976. The concentrations of the major ions showed correlation with the geology of the catchment and the river's discharge. The order of dominance for ions in most of the river was found to be Mg2+ > Na+ > Ca2+ and HCO3- > Cl- > SO42-, but in the uppermost reaches of the river the order was Na+ > Mg2+ > Ca2+ and Cl- > HCO3- > SO42-. The origin and variation of ions, mineral weathering and ion-ion associations are discussed.

Observations on interactions between indigenous Galaxiidae and introduced Salmonidae in the Lake Eucumbene catchment, New South Wales

1976 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 551 ◽  
Author(s):  
RDJ Tilzey
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Fish Fauna ◽  
South Wales ◽  
The One ◽  
Natural Barrier

The fish fauna of all major streams within the Lake Eucumbene catchment in south-eastern New South Wales was sampled by electrofishing or poisoning with rotenone. Galaxias coxii was found in only four, and G. olidus in only one other of the 27 streams sampled whereas the introduced salmonids (Salmo trutta or S. gairdneri, or both) occurred in all but the stream containing G. olidus. Values for galaxiid biomass were low in comparison with those for trout where both occurred together. Sampling in 1971 and 1974 in the one stream observed in 1971 to contain only G. olidus spanned an invasion by S. gairdneri and by 1974 the galaxiid species had completely disappeared below a natural barrier to trout, but above this barrier the biomass and population structure of G. olidus had not changed greatly compared to the 1971 values. This indicated that the presence of S. gairdneri was the sole environmental factor causing galaxiid disappearance below the barrier. Historical data for the catchment area suggested that the introduction and subsequent success of trout are primarily responsible for the present, much fragmented galaxiid distribution.

A description of the anatomy of the Ornithorhynchus paradoxus

1832 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 68-69
Keyword(s):  
Internal Structure ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
The Other ◽  
Full Account ◽  
External Appearance ◽  
South Wales ◽  
The One

Two specimens of this curious animal, lately brought from New South Wales, the one male and the other female, and both full grown and perfect, having been submitted to the inspection and close examination of Mr. Home, by Sir Joseph Banks, this gentle­man has availed himself of the favourable opportunity to draw up the full account of all that is hitherto known concerning its habits, of its external appearance, and internal structure now before us. The animal has hitherto been only found in the fresh-water lakes, in the interior parts of the above-mentioned country. It does not swim upon the surface of the water, but comes up occasionally to breathe. It chiefly inhabits the banks of these lakes, and is supposed to feed in the muddy places which surround them; but the particular kind of food on which it subsists is not known.

Hornblendes from some basic hornfelses in the New England region, New South Wales

1965 ◽  
Vol 34 (268) ◽  
pp. 52-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Binns
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Ferrous Iron ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Contact Metamorphism ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Bluish Green ◽  
Very High

SummaryWith progressive increase in grade of contact metamorphism, aluminous hornblendes in some New England basic hornfelses change from a pale blue-green variety with ragged actinolitic habit, to a deeper bluish-green variety, then to a deeply coloured brownish type with granular habit. At all stages the coexisting plagioclase is appreciably calcic. No outer aureole of albite-epidote-actinolite hornfels has been recognized. The higher grade hornblendes are richer in alkalis and titanium, and poorer in octahedrally co-ordinated aluminium than those formed at low grades. Two analysed hornblendes display an unusual excess of calcium, which occupies the Y site, and another has a very high content of ferrous iron and potassium.

Aspects of Lactation in the Platypus, Ornithorhynchus anatinus (Monotremata), in Waters of Eastern New South Wales.

1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 881 ◽  
Author(s):  
TR Grant ◽  
M Griffiths ◽  
RMC Leckie
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Young Leave ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Ornithorhynchus Anatinus ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lactating Females ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One ◽  
First Time

Female platypuses captured in waters of eastern New South Wales were found to be lactating between the months of October and March. Lactating females were most numerous in December, accounting for 64% of females captured. Non-lactating females were taken in all months, indicating that not all females breed successfully every year. There was no significant difference between the fatty acid complement of milk taken from a platypus lactating very late in the season and those of others sampled in December at the peak of the lactation season. Some evidence exists that females do not become reproductive until at least their second year of life. Some females were found lactating in consecutive years, and others lactated one year and not in the one following. Animals of over 9 years of age are known to breed. Most juveniles were captured in February, March and April, and it is suggested that the young leave the breeding burrows for the first time in late January through to March, and become independent from their mothers, who are ceasing lactation at that time.

scholarly journals Introduction

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-91
Author(s):  
Deborah Rose ◽  
Peter Read
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Sacred Sites ◽  
Aboriginal Australians ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Life Itself ◽  
War Zones ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

We have been talking together about concepts of place for many years, and both jointly and separately we have come up against many horrific facts of damage, trauma, loss and irretrievable devastation. Debbie encountered this first and foremost in her work with Aboriginal Australians: What happens when sacred sites are destroyed? What are the effects of being dispossessed and having one’s own existence denied? What are the consequences of extinction when the extinct ones are kin—members of the one totemic family? Debbie’s engagements with ecological loss pressed her to consider extinctions and then to think of life itself in the context of desecration. Pete encountered these facts in his wide-ranging work with loss of place: What is the impact of destroyed homes and lost country? How do people engage with deliberate erasure of the sacred in recent war zones, with the vandalised cemeteries in Havana, or with a church in New South Wales where a black mass was conducted?

Effect of soil acidity and liming on lucerne and following crops in central-western New South Wales

2006 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 1291 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Mullen ◽  
B. J. Scott ◽  
C. M. Evans ◽  
M. K. Conyers
Keyword(s):  
Soil Profile ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Acid Tolerance ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Carry Over

On some of the lighter textured soils in the wheatbelt of central-western New South Wales near Dubbo, soil acidity is a major problem, and lucerne (Medicago sativa) often establishes and grows poorly. We selected a site with a surface soil pHCa of 4.4 and an exchangeable aluminium of 0.4 cmol(+)/kg, which was also acidic down the soil profile. Experimental plots of 4 application rates of lime (nil, 1, 2 and 3 t/ha) in 4 replications were established. The site was limed in 1990 and lucerne sown in May 1991. Over the next 6 years the trial was periodically grazed with sheep, and lucerne regrowth and stand density were monitored. In October 1997, the lucerne was removed and 3 crops of varying acid tolerance (wheat, barley and canola) were sown as split plots in both 1998 and 1999. Lucerne density was higher in the limed plots compared with the unlimed treatment, and this difference persisted for 6 years. Dry matter production of lucerne was increased by lime applied at rates up to 2 t/ha. All 3 crops sown after the lucerne phase responded to lime applied 8 and/or 9 years earlier. The responses were attributed to the strong residual effect of the lime in the 0–10 cm soil layer, to smaller improvements in the 10–20 cm zone (possibly due to the movement of lime down the soil profile over the 7 years before the date of measurement) and to carry over effects of nitrogen fixation by the lucerne into the cropping phase. The protein content of the wheat grain was increased concurrently with grain yield due to the previous liming and resultant legume nitrogen effects. The results support the application of lime to improve the productivity of lucerne and subsequent crops, even when the soil is acidic to depths below the cultivation layer.

scholarly journals Take My Breath Away

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-62
Author(s):  
Deane Fergie ◽  
Rod Lucas ◽  
Morgan Harrington
Keyword(s):  
Complex Dynamics ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Organisation ◽  
South Coast ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
South Wales ◽  
The Social ◽  
The One

This article eschews the singularity of much disaster, crisis and catastrophe research to focus on the complex dynamics of convergent crises. It examines the prolonged crises of a summer of bushfire and COVID-19 which converged in Eurobodalla Shire on the south coast of New South Wales (NSW), Australia, in 2019–2020. We focus on air and breathing on the one hand and kinship and the social organisation of survival and recovery on the other. During Australia’s summer of bushfires, thick smoke rendered air, airways and breathing a challenge, leaving people open to reflection as well as to struggle. Bushfire smoke created ‘aware breathers’. It was aware breathers who were then to experience the invisible and separating threat of COVID-19. These convergent crises impacted the ‘mutuality of being’ of kinship (after Marshall Sahlins) and the social organisation of survival. Whereas the bushfires in Eurobodalla drew on grandparent-families in survival, the social distancing and lockdown of COVID-19 has cleaved these multi-household families asunder, at least for now. COVID-19 has also made plain how the mingling of breath is a new index of intimacy.

Estimations of sampling intensities for the characterization of soil within experiment sites

1971 ◽  
Vol 11 (52) ◽  
pp. 541
Author(s):  
JD Colwell
Keyword(s):  
Soil Profile ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Core ◽  
Core Samples ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Soil Groups

Estimates are made of the desirable number of soil core samples that should be taken from the sites of field experiments for the estimation of profile trends in chemical properties for between site comparisons. The estimates are made on the basis of the magnitude of within site variance relative to between site variance. Fewer samples are required when between site variance is high than when it is low. The data were obtained from the sites of experiments representing four great soil groups in southern New South Wales. The desirable number of samples varies amongst the soil groups, with the chemical properties and with depth down the soil profile. Estimates for mean profile trends and for the means of individual depth strata were similar, It is concluded that at least 9 to 12 core samples should be taken per site and preferably 29 to 40 to ensure reasonably safe estimates of profile trends in important chemical properties.

scholarly journals Early Discoveries of the Effects of Ice Action in Australia

1987 ◽  
Vol 33 (114) ◽  
pp. 231-235
Author(s):  
Maxwell R. Banks ◽  
Eric A. Colhoun ◽  
David Hannan
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
South Australia ◽  
The Other ◽  
Macquarie Island ◽  
Late Palaeozoic ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Central Highlands ◽  
The One

AbstractThe effects of past glaciation in what is now Australian territory were first recognized on Macquarie Island, probably by David Ramsay, in 1821. The recognition by Darwin in 1836, and reporting by Milligan in 1848 of ice-transported pebbles and boulders in late Palaeozoic marine rocks in Tasmania, showed on the one hand participation in and on the other familiarity with the controversy in Great Britain at that time on the origin of erratics and drift currents. Reports by Clarke (1852), Daintree in 1859, Selwyn (1860), and Gould (1860) of the effects of land ice on Mount Koscuisko (New South Wales), Bacchus Marsh (Victoria), Inman Valley (South Australia), and the Central Highlands (Tasmania), respectively, reflect the increasing recognition in Great Britain of the erosional and depositional effects of glaciers. Daintree, Selwyn, and Gould were all closely connected with A.C. Ramsay, the main British protagonist of the glacial theory at the time, whereas David Ramsay and Milligan were probably influenced by Robert Jameson of Edinburgh.

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