A synoptic approach for crop loss assessment used to study wheat. II. Relationships between soil properties and traditional soil classifications

Soil Research ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 227 ◽  
Author(s):  
LG Veitch ◽  
BA Stynes
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Loss Assessment ◽  
Individual Values ◽  
Available Water Content ◽  
Soil Variables ◽  
Crop Loss Assessment ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Soil Groups

Study of the relationship between soil properties and traditional soil classifications, using the canonical analysis procedure, showed that both a highly significant and a substantial relationship exists. Classification data on average accounts for about 35% of the total variation of the soil variable data, individual values ranging from about 8% for average log salinity to 74% for the -0.1 bar water content of the soil. The analysis showed that classification data in five soil groups could be substantially retained in two dimensions. The soil variables most involved in the first dimension were per cent clay and the -0.1 bar water content of the soil, and in the second dimension, the available water content of the subsoil (30-100 cm), average pH and average log salinity. These results should be useful in other studies where it is desired to incorporate soil information in a model designed to account for variation in one or more measures of interest.

The influence of the soil matrix on nitrogen mineralisation and nitrification. I. Spatial variation and a hierarchy of soil properties

Soil Research ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 429 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. T. Strong ◽  
P. W. G. Sale ◽  
K. R. Helyar
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Small Field ◽  
N Mineralisation ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Conceptual Tool ◽  
Soil Matrix ◽  
Total N ◽  
Soil Variables

Natural heterogeneity of soil properties was used to explore their influence on nitrogen (N) mineralisation and nitrification in undisturbed small soil volumes (soil cells; c. 1 · 7 cm3 ) sampled from a small field plot (2 m by 3 m). Soil cells (840) were randomly ascribed to 1 of 6 treatments in which soils were retained continuously moist (M10 and M30 treatments) and amended with organic N from clover (Cl10 and Cl30 treatments), dried and rewetted (DW10), or treated with urea (Ur10) (subscripts indicate soil incubation at matric potential - 10 or - 30 kPa). After 20 days of incubation at 24C, each soil cell was analysed for NO-3 -N, NH + 4 -N, pH, bulk density (BD), volumetric water content (θv), water content at - 490 kPa (θv490), and pH buffer capacity (pHBC). On 25 soil cells from each treatment, % clay, % silt, % sand, total N (% N), organic carbon (% C), and 7 cations and anions were also determined. Net N mineralisation and net nitrification occurred in all treatments, and the total mineral N at the end of the incubation was 497, 81, 73, 31, 27, and 31 µg N/g in the Ur10 Cl10, Cl30, M10, M30, and DW10 treatments, respectively. Net N mineralisation in the M30 treatment was 84% of that in the M10 treatment, and net N mineralisation in the Cl30 treatment was 86% of that in the Cl10 treatment. Fluctuations in soil pH varied markedly between treatments and over time, and it was apparent that alkaline processes were occurring in all soil cells. The heterogeneity between soil samples was substantial for all of the soil variables. Soil variables were classified in a hierarchy from the least to the most fundamental based on their stability through time. This ranking provides a conceptual tool for understanding interrelationships between soil properties and for interpreting results of regression analyses. The sampling approach adopted in this study was designed to harness the natural heterogeneity of soil properties in the small field site while keeping other properties and environmental factors, that usually vary over larger distances, constant. Both the extent of heterogeneity of soil properties and the nature of their correlations with NO-3 -N suggested that this technique would be useful in the exploration of how soil properties influence N mineralisation and nitrification.

Corrigenda - A synoptic approach for crop loss assessment used to study wheat. III. Variables derived from soil properties and traditional soil classifications suitable for regression studies

Soil Research ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
LG Veitch ◽  
BA Stynes
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Loss Assessment ◽  
Crop Loss Assessment ◽  
Traditional Classification ◽  
Soil Information ◽  
New Variables ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Synoptic Approach

The combined information in the physical and chemical soil properties and in the traditional soil classification data has been split into three nearly uncorrelated groups of independent variables. One group comprises three variables and is concerned specifically with the traditional classification, a second group comprises seven variables and includes information specific to the soil properties, and a third group comprises one variable and includes the remainder of the information in the soil properties, i.e. that which is most strongly related to the traditional soil classification data. The new variables, which are substantially independent linear combinations of the original variables, form a convenient basis for the subsequent regression work in this study where the contribution of soil information to the variability of growth and yield of wheat in the study area is to be considered.

Corrigendum - A synoptic approach for crop loss assessment used to study wheat. IV. The description of cultural practices and the combination of cultural data with soil data

1981 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
BA Stynes ◽  
LG Veitch
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Loss Assessment ◽  
Soil Variables ◽  
Weak Association ◽  
Crop Loss Assessment ◽  
Yorke Peninsula ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Alternative Set ◽  
Synoptic Approach

From an initial set of 13 measurements taken to define previous land use and the cultural practices adopted by farmers on Yorke Peninsula, S.A., an alternative set of eight variables was derived. The reduced number of variables retained almost all of the information present in the original set and were close to being statistically independent. This simplification is desirable for the later study, when these variables will be considered for inclusion in regression models to predict the growth and yield of wheat. A weak association between these variables and the soil variables specified in Paer III indicated that farmers were not strongly influenced by soil type and properties when deciding which cultural practices to adopt.

A synoptic approach for crop loss assessment used to study wheat. III. Variables derived from soil properties and traditional soil classifications suitable for regression studies

Soil Research ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
LG Veitch ◽  
BA Stynes
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Loss Assessment ◽  
Crop Loss Assessment ◽  
Traditional Classification ◽  
Soil Information ◽  
New Variables ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Synoptic Approach

The combined information in the physical and chemical soil properties and in the traditional soil classification data has been split into three nearly uncorrelated groups of independent variables. One group comprises three variables and is concerned specifically with the traditional classification, a second group comprises seven variables and includes information specific to the soil properties, and a third group comprises one variable and includes the remainder of the information in the soil properties, i.e. that which is most strongly related to the traditional soil classification data. The new variables, which are substantially independent linear combinations of the original variables, form a convenient basis for the subsequent regression work in this study where the contribution of soil information to the variability of growth and yield of wheat in the study area is to be considered.

A synoptic approach for crop loss assessment used to study wheat. I. An appraisal of the physical and chemical soil properties in the study area

Soil Research ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 217 ◽  
Author(s):  
BA Stynes ◽  
HR Wallace ◽  
LG Veitch
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Crop Loss ◽  
Loss Assessment ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Crop Loss Assessment ◽  
Selection Of Variables ◽  
Synoptic Approach

A synoptic approach to crop loss assessment is proposed whereby the relative importance of various factors in the environment can be assessed in relation to the growth and yield of plants. A degree of simplification of complex sets of data, collected in field surveys, can be achieved by analysing natural subsets of the data using multivariate statistical procedures. The concepts that emerge form a basis for constructing regression models to predict growth and yield by influencing the selection of variables for inclusion that ensure statistical stability and biological realism. Wheat crops on Yorke Peninsula, South Australia, were studied to evaluate this approach. This paper, comprising part of the study, is a principal component analysis of the soil properties which form a natural subset of the variables measured. It shows that the variation of soils in the study area can be characterized by the variation of relatively few soil properties.

A synoptic approach for crop loss assessment used to study wheat. IV. The description of cultural practices and the combination of cultural data with soil data

1981 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
BA Stynes ◽  
LG Veitch
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Loss Assessment ◽  
Soil Variables ◽  
Weak Association ◽  
Crop Loss Assessment ◽  
Yorke Peninsula ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Alternative Set ◽  
Synoptic Approach

From an initial set of 13 measurements taken to define previous land use and the cultural practices adopted by farmers on Yorke Peninsula, S.A., an alternative set of eight variables was derived. The reduced number of variables retained almost all of the information present in the original set and were close to being statistically independent. This simplification is desirable for the later study, when these variables will be considered for inclusion in regression models to predict the growth and yield of wheat. A weak association between these variables and the soil variables specified in Paer III indicated that farmers were not strongly influenced by soil type and properties when deciding which cultural practices to adopt.

Gender Ideology and Fertility: Evidence for a Curvilinear Hypothesis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serena Stefani ◽  
Gabriele Prati
Keyword(s):  
Gender Ideology ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Curvilinear Relationship ◽  
World Population ◽  
Fertility Rates ◽  
The World ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Using Data ◽  
National Analysis ◽  
The Relationship

Research on the relationship between fertility and gender ideology revealed inconsistent results. In the present study, we argue that inconsistencies may be due to the fact that such relationship may be nonlinear. We hypothesize a U- shaped relationship between two dimensions of gender ideology (i.e. primacy of breadwinner role and acceptance of male privilege) and fertility rates. We conducted a cross-national analysis of 60 countries using data from the World Values Survey as well as the World Population Prospects 2019. Controlling for gross domestic product, we found support for a U-shaped relationship between gender ideology and fertility. Higher levels of fertility rates were found at lower and especially higher levels of traditional gender ideology, while a medium level of gender ideology was associated with the lowest fertility rate. This curvilinear relationship is in agreement with the phase of the gender revolution in which the country is located. Traditional beliefs are linked to a complementary division of private versus public sphere between sexes, while egalitarian attitudes are associated with a more equitable division. Both conditions strengthen fertility. Instead, as in the transition phase, intermediate levels of gender ideology’s support are associated with an overload and a difficult reconciliation of the roles that women have to embody (i.e. working and nurturing) so reducing fertility. The present study has contributed to the literature by addressing the inconsistencies of prior research by demonstrating that the relationship between gender ideology and fertility rates is curvilinear rather than linear.

Innovative Thinking on the Relationship between the Provision of Local Services and Inequality in Israel

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 31-51
Author(s):  
Yoram Ida ◽  
Amir Hefetz ◽  
Assaf Meydani ◽  
Gila Menahem ◽  
Elad Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Implementation Process ◽  
Local Variation ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Innovative Methodology ◽  
Local Services ◽  
Innovative Thinking ◽  
Mandatory Service ◽  
The Relationship

What innovative policy tools can be introduced so that the provision of local services will mitigate inequality among residents of different localities? Based on the ‘new localism’ approach, this article examines one such tool—a mandatory national standard for services provided by local authorities (a ‘service basket’)—and suggests that the implementation process should consider local variation and autonomy. The novelty of our approach lies in including both objective and normative considerations in the methodological instrument that we developed to capture these two dimensions. This innovative methodology also enabled us to estimate existing service gaps among local authorities and the burdens some will face upon instituting a mandatory service basket.

Chinese brand–individual values congruity and willingness of consumers from other countries to use positive word of mouth

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Xi Chen ◽  
Qing Fang ◽  
Zhenyuan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Word Of Mouth ◽  
Brand Commitment ◽  
Positive Word ◽  
Individual Values ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Perceived Values ◽  
Word Of Mouth Communication ◽  
Positive Word Of Mouth ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Congruity of brand and individual values is the degree of fit or similarity between consumers' personal values and the perceived values of a certain brand. In this study, we took Huawei as the test brand and investigated 525 consumers in 30 countries to examine whether congruity of brand and individual values influences consumer word-of-mouth communication in an international context. The results show that (a) brand commitment played a mediating role in the effect of brand–individual values congruity on word of mouth, (b) the consistency of a brand's practices and its values (brand behavior congruity) moderated the relationship between brand–individual values congruity and the consumers' brand commitment, and (c) brand behavior congruity moderated the mediating role of brand commitment in the relationship between values congruity and positive word of mouth. Our findings provide insight into the impact of values congruity for consumers.

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