Use of laboratory-scale rill and interill erodibility measurements for the prediction of hillslope-scale erosion on rehabilitated coal mine soils and overburdens

Soil Research ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 285 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Sheridan ◽  
H. B. So ◽  
R. J. Loch ◽  
C. Pocknee ◽  
C. M. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Rainfall Simulation ◽  
Combined Processes ◽  
Sediment Delivery ◽  
Natural Rainfall ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Hillslope Scale

Prediction of hillslope-scale soil erosion traditionally involves extensive data collection from field plots under natural rainfall, or from field rainfall simulation programs. Recognising the high costs and inconvenience associated with field-based studies, a method was developed and tested for predicting hillslope-scale soil erosion from laboratory-scale measurements of erodibility. A laboratory tilting flume and rainfall simulator were used to determine rill and interill erodibility coefficients for 32 soils and overburdens from Queensland open-cut coal mines. Predicted sediment delivery rates based on laboratory determinations of erodibility were tested against field measurements of erosion from 12-m-long plots under simulated rainfall at 100 mm/h on slopes ranging from 5% to 30%. Regression analysis demonstrated a strong relationship between predicted and measured sediment delivery rates, giving an r2 value of up to 0.74, depending on the particular modeling approach used. These results demonstrate that soil losses due to the combined processes of rill and interill erosion at the hillslope scale can successfully be predicted from laboratory-scale measurements of erodibility, provided a suitable methodology and modelling approach is adopted. The success of this approach will greatly reduce the cost and effort required for prediction of hillslope scale soil erosion.

Fabrication and study of laboratory scale rainfall simulator for soil erosion assessment

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-142
Author(s):  
SRIVALLI CHERAKU ◽  
P SWATHI ◽  
Y SUSHMITHA ◽  
D PRANEETHA ◽  
CH RADHA SRIVALLI
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Slope Angle ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Rainfall Simulator ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Natural Rainfall ◽  
Spatial Uniformity ◽  
Ideal Tool ◽  
Raindrop Size

A rainfall simulator is an ideal tool for infiltration, soil erosion and other related research areas for replicating the process and characteristics of natural rainfall. The present paper describes the design of a comprehensive rainfall simulator. In this study a laboratory scale rainfall simulator is developed, which is particularly meant for the assessment of soil erosion at plot scale by considering various soil grain types, soil slope angles and surface exposures under different rainfall conditions. The Rainfall characteristics including the rainfall intensity and its spatial uniformity raindrop size and kinetic energy confirm that natural rainfall conditions are simulated with sufficient accuracy. The comparative measurement was carried out in a laboratory using rainfall simulator fabricated of 4 feet length and 2.5 feet width, where the applied slope angle is 3% with 39 mm/hr rainfall intensity. The runoff and soil loss for different samples were assessed by conducting number of trials. From the results it was found that the soil tilled and keeping it as a bare plot is more prone to runoff compared to soil without tilled and straw mulching has helped to reduce the runoff by 57% as compared to soil without mulching.  

scholarly journals Soil Erosion Estimates in Arid Region: A Case Study of the Koutine Catchment, Southeastern Tunisia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 6763
Author(s):  
Mongi Ben Zaied ◽  
Seifeddine Jomaa ◽  
Mohamed Ouessar
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Spatiotemporal Variability ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Soil Losses

Soil erosion remains one of the principal environmental problems in arid regions. This study aims to assess and quantify the variability of soil erosion in the Koutine catchment using the RUSLE (Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation) model. The Koutine catchment is located in an arid area in southeastern Tunisia and is characterized by an annual mean precipitation of less than 200 mm. The model was used to examine the influence of topography, extreme rainstorm intensity and soil texture on soil loss. The data used for model validation were obtained from field measurements by monitoring deposited sediment in settlement basins of 25 cisterns (a traditional water harvesting and storage technique) over 4 years, from 2015 to 2018. Results showed that slope is the most controlling factor of soil loss. The average annual soil loss in monitoring sites varies between 0.01 and 12.5 t/ha/y. The storm events inducing the largest soil losses occurred in the upstream part of the Koutine catchment with a maximum value of 7.3 t/ha per event. Soil erosion is highly affected by initial and preceding soil conditions. The RUSLE model reasonably reproduced (R2 = 0.81) the spatiotemporal variability of measured soil losses in the study catchment during the observation period. This study revealed the importance of using the cisterns in the data-scarce dry areas as a substitute for the classic soil erosion monitoring fields. Besides, combining modeling of outputs and field measurements could improve our physical understanding of soil erosion processes and their controlling factors in an arid catchment. The study results are beneficial for decision-makers to evaluate the existing soil conservation and water management plans, which can be further adjusted using appropriate soil erosion mitigation options based on scientific evidence.

Effect of storm pattern on soil erosion in damaged rangeland; field rainfall simulation approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 706-715
Author(s):  
Leila Gholami ◽  
Abdulavahed Khaledi Darvishan ◽  
Veliber Spalevic ◽  
Artemi Cerdà ◽  
Ataollah Kavian
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Rainfall Simulation ◽  
Simulation Approach

Runoff and sediment yield from snowmelt and rainfall as influenced by forage type and grazing intensity

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 699-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. I. Gill ◽  
M. A. Naeth ◽  
D. S. Chanasyk ◽  
V. S. Baron
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Grazing Intensity ◽  
Annual Runoff ◽  
Rainfall Simulation ◽  
Sediment Yields ◽  
Natural Rainfall ◽  
Grazing Intensities ◽  
Grazing Systems ◽  
Runoff And Sediment Yield

Currently, there is interest in Western Canada in extending the grazing season using perennial and annual forages. Of greatest concern is the environmental sustainability of these grazing systems, with emphasis on their ability to withstand erosion. A study to examine the runoff and sediment yields of annual and perennial forages in central Alberta was initiated in 1994. Runoff and sediment yield were quantified under snowmelt and rainfall events for two seasons. Rainfall simulation was used to further examine runoff under growing season conditions. Four forage treatments (two annuals: triticale and a barley/triticale mixture and two perennials: smooth bromegrass and meadow bromegrass) and three grazing intensities (light, medium and heavy) were studied, each replicated four times. Total annual runoff was dominated by snowmelt. Generally runoff volumes, sediment yields, sediment ratios and runoff coefficients were all low. Bare ground increased with increasing grazing intensity and was significantly greater in annuals than perennials for all grazing intensities. Litter biomass decreased with increasing grazing intensity and was generally similar in all species for both years at heavy and medium grazing intensities. Results from the rainfall simulation corroborated those under natural rainfall conditions and generally indicated the sustainability of these grazing systems at this site. Key words: Forages, soil erosion, sustainability, rainfall simulation

The cost of soil erosion in vineyard fields in the Penedès–Anoia Region (NE Spain)

CATENA ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 68 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 194-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. Martínez-Casasnovas ◽  
M.C. Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Ne Spain

scholarly journals The Correlation Analysis of Maintenance Costs to Sei Siulak Deras Irrigation Network Infrastructure Performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-74
Author(s):  
Frans Dhana ◽  
Dinar Dwi Anugerah Putranto ◽  
Betty Susanti
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Network Infrastructure ◽  
Irrigation Network ◽  
Maintenance Costs ◽  
Irrigation Area ◽  
The Government ◽  
Infrastructure Performance ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Relationship

Sei Siulak Deras Irrigation Area is one of the Irrigation Areas located in Kerinci Regency based on the decision of Dinas Pekerjaan Umum dan Perumahan Rakyat (PUPR) regulations No.12/PRT/M/2015 concerning criteria and estabishment of Irrigation Area status with an area of 5,801 Ha. The authority for operational and maintenance implementation is handled by the Dinas PUPR of Jambi Province ( RTRW of Jambi Province, 2013). The performance of the Sei Siulak Deras irrigation network infrastructure is inseparable from the available maintenance budget, for this reason, it is necessary to conduct a study that analyzes the relationship between routine maintenance costs for the performance of irrigation network infrastructure in the Sei Siulak Deras irrrigation area of Kerinci District, Jambi Province.  In this study an examination of the existing conditions of irrigation networks involving 1 observer and 6 irrigation workers, the irrigation network inspection using the standards issued by the Operation and Maintenance Agency of the Dinas PUPR of Jambi Province. From the results of the correlation analysis the cost of routine maintenance on the performance of irrigation network infrastructure is 0.9, this indicates a strong relationship between the two variables. While the maintenance budget allocated by the government to the maintenance of irrigation network infrastructure is very lacking, amounting to IDR 806,081,000 from the budget for the maintenance of irrigation network infrastructure of IDR 3,580,984,372.57.

scholarly journals Comparison between sprinkler irrigation and natural rainfall based on droplet diameter

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. e1201 ◽  
Author(s):  
MaoSheng Ge ◽  
Pute Wu ◽  
Delan Zhu ◽  
Daniel P. Ames
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Droplet Diameter ◽  
Vertical Component ◽  
Radial Distance ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Horizontal Component ◽  
Natural Rainfall ◽  
Actual Field

<p>An indoor experiment was conducted to analyze the movement characteristics of different sized droplets and their influence on water application rate distribution and kinetic energy distribution. Radial droplets emitted from a Nelson D3000 sprinkler nozzle under 66.3, 84.8, and 103.3 kPa were measured in terms of droplet velocity, landing angle, and droplet kinetic energy and results were compared to natural rainfall characteristics. Results indicate that sprinkler irrigation droplet landing velocity for all sizes of droplets is not related to nozzle pressure and the values of landing velocity are very close to that of natural rainfall. The velocity horizontal component increases with radial distance while the velocity vertical component decreases with radial distance. Additionally, landing angle of all droplet sizes decreases with radial distance. The kinetic energy is decomposed into vertical component and horizontal component due to the oblique angles of droplet impact on the surface soil, and this may aggravate soil erosion. Therefore the actual oblique angle of impact should be considered in actual field conditions and measures should be taken for remediation of soil erosion if necessary.</p>

Polysaccharide and salt effects on infiltration and soil erosion. A rainfall simulation study

1991 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Warrington ◽  
I. Shainberg ◽  
G.J. Levy ◽  
Y. Bar-Or
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Simulation Study ◽  
Rainfall Simulation ◽  
Salt Effects

Przegląd czynników wpływających na skuteczność nawaniania gazu

Nafta-Gaz ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (8) ◽  
pp. 553-560
Author(s):  
Anna Huszał ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Network ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Odor Intensity ◽  
Operational Experience ◽  
Minimum Concentration ◽  
Gas Network ◽  
Natural Gases ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Cost

Due to rapid advancement in technology, the odorization process in Poland seems to be increasingly stabilized in practice and conducted at a sufficiently high level. International standards are adopted in this regard. One of the most important requirements for the natural gases quality delivered to customers from a distribution network, guaranteeing their safe use is ensuring an appropriate odorization level, allowing to detect the uncontrolled gas leakages from the distribution network, installation and gas appliances. The odorant concentration in its dosing point should ensure the intensity of the gas odor at the “clearly perceptible” level at the network end point. The odorant concentration variability in the gas network is a dynamic value, constantly accompanying the odorizing process. In consequence constant metrological supervision over the process is needed (what might be done by measuring the odorant concentration and gas odor intensity). Also, verification of undergoing periodic changes in the value of the minimum concentration of odorant in the gas for the respective groups of natural gases and various gas pipelines based on operational experience and field measurements is required. Such verification allows to determine the optimal concentration of odorant for each group of natural gases and furthermore allows to optimize the cost of gas odorization process while ensuring its legally required quality described as odor intensity. This article presents the problem of the dependence of the network gas odorization effectiveness on various factors, especially network parameters or even the gas composition itself. Their identification allows to better plan the process and ensure its effective implementation, which ultimately ensures safety for gas users.

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