Fluctuating asymmetry of the frog Crinia signifera in response to logging

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bonnie Lauck
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Environmental Stress ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Fluctuating Asymmetry ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Fitness Indicators ◽  
Testes Size ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Clutch Mass

Fluctuating asymmetry has been proposed as an indicator of environmental stress and population health. However, a notable feature of research examining the relationship between fluctuating asymmetry and population fitness is that of inconsistency. Logging dramatically alters habitat and has the potential to increase or decrease environmental stress. To evaluate the response of fluctuating asymmetry to logging, I conducted research to determine whether fluctuating asymmetry differs in the frog Crinia signifera captured at logged and unlogged sites and if any differences were correlated with body size or body condition. There was a decrease in fluctuating asymmetry but also a decrease in body size and body condition as a result of logging. I also investigated whether any relationship existed between the subtle asymmetry of individuals and the following indicators of fitness: clutch size, clutch mass, average egg mass, testes size, body size and body condition. There was no significant relationship between subtle asymmetry and the fitness indicators.

Clutch Mass, Offspring Mass, and Clutch Size: Body Mass Scaling and Taxonomic and Environmental Variation

2018 ◽  
pp. 68-97
Author(s):  
Douglas S. Glazier
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Clutch Size ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Life History Evolution ◽  
Offspring Size ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Mass Scaling ◽  
Scaling Relationships ◽  
Clutch Mass

In this chapter, I show how clutch mass, offspring (egg) mass, and clutch size relate to body mass among species of branchiopod, maxillipod, and malacostracan crustaceans, as well as how these important life history traits vary among major taxa and environments independently of body size. Clutch mass relates strongly and nearly isometrically to body mass, probably because of physical volumetric constraints. By contrast, egg mass and clutch size relate more weakly and curvilinearly to body mass and vary in inverse proportion to one another, thus indicating a fundamental trade-off, which occurs within many crustacean taxa as well. In general, offspring (egg) size and number and their relationships to body mass appear to be more ecologically sensitive and evolutionarily malleable than clutch mass. The body mass scaling relationships of egg mass and clutch size show much more taxonomic and ecological variation (log-log scaling slopes varying from near 0 to almost 1 among major taxa) than do those for clutch mass, a pattern also observed in other animal taxa. The curvilinear body mass scaling relationships of egg mass and number also suggest a significant, size-related shift in how natural selection affects offspring versus maternal fitness. As body size increases, selection apparently predominantly favors increases in offspring size and fitness up to an asymptote, beyond which increases in offspring number and thus maternal fitness are preferentially favored. Crustaceans not only offer excellent opportunities for furthering our general understanding of life history evolution, but also their ecological and economic importance warrants further study of the various factors affecting their reproductive success.

Annual variations in reproductive characteristics of painted turtles (Chrysemys picta)

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 1148-1151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Schwarzkopf ◽  
Ronald J. Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Clutch Size ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Egg Size ◽  
Annual Variation ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Annual Variations ◽  
Painted Turtles ◽  
Sources Of Variation ◽  
Clutch Mass

In Algonquin Park, Ontario, body size and clutch characteristics were recorded for 51 female painted turtles (Chrysemyspicta) in 1983, 61 in 1984, and 24 in 1985. Clutch size, clutch mass, and egg width correlated significantly with body size (carapace length) in all 3 years. Egg length and egg mass were significantly related to body size in 1984 and 1985, but not in 1983. There were no significant correlations of egg width or egg mass to clutch size. For a group of the same individuals compared by repeated-measures ANOVA, mean clutch mass and mean egg size, but not mean clutch size, varied significantly among years. Correlation of egg size with body size, lack of correlation between egg size and clutch size, and annual variation in egg size, but not clutch size, all fail to support current versions of optimal egg size theory. Twenty-six females nested in both 1983 and 1984 and 11 females nested in both 1984 and 1985. Fourteen females nested twice in 1 year: six in 1983 and eight in 1984. Between 43 and 73% of adult females nested in a given year and 12–13% nested twice in a single season. These estimates are similar to those reported for other populations of this species. It appears that variations in both clutch size (frequency) and egg size are important sources of variation in reproductive output.

The effects of body weight and its components on lambing performance in some commercial flocks in Britain

1979 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Geisler ◽  
J. S. Fenlon
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Standard Condition ◽  
Ovulation Rate ◽  
Skeletal Size ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTAn analysis of the records of ewe weight and condition at mating together with subsequent lambing performance for several commercial flocks in the UK revealed no significant relationship between lambing performance and size, measured by weight transformed to a standard condition. The relationship between mating weight and body condition score at mating was linear though there was considerable variation in weight at a fixed body condition, suggesting a substantial spread in skeletal size. Increases in ovulation rate were not discernible from lambing figures over the range of body conditions observed in these flocks.

scholarly journals Karayaka Koyunlarında Gebelikte Kondisyon Puanı ve Transabdominal Ultrasonografi Yönteminin Kullanımı Üzerine Bir Araştırma

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 1789
Author(s):  
Hilal Tozlu Çelik ◽  
Fatih Ahmet Aslan ◽  
Yeliz Kaşko Arıcı ◽  
Metehan Eser Kahveci ◽  
İbrahim Kiper
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Ultrasound Examination ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
The Body ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Average Body ◽  
Pregnancy And Birth

In this study, it was aimed to determine the number of pregnancies and infants by B-Mod Real Time 3.5 MHz linear transabdominal probe ultrasonography device on the 50th day of pregnancy in 126 head Karayaka sheep. In addition, the relationship between body condition score and fry birth weight was tried to be determined on the 50th day of pregnancy and sheep age. The findings obtained by ultrasonography device were compared with the lambing records. In this study, the accuracy of ultrasound examination was 84% and sensitivity was 93%. The correlation coefficient between the average body condition score of the sheep on the 50th day of pregnancy and birth weight of the offspring was calculated as 0.234 and it was found to be statistically significant. It was determined that there was a significant relationship between the sheep age and the body condition score at the 50th day of pregnancy.

TYMPANUM FLUCTUATING ASYMMETRY, BODY SIZE AND MATE CHOICE IN FEMALE MIDWIFE TOADS (ALYTES OBSTETRICANS)

Behaviour ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 137 (9) ◽  
pp. 1211-1222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Márquez ◽  
Jaime Bosch
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Sound Source ◽  
Fluctuating Asymmetry ◽  
Acoustic Stimulus ◽  
External Ear ◽  
Jump Length ◽  
Gravid Females ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Alytes Obstetricans

AbstractWe address whether fluctuating asymmetry (FA) in an external ear element is correlated with the accuracy of location of a sound source (synthetic male advertisement calls) by female midwife toads (Alytes obstetricans). Fluctuating asymmetry in the tympanum was measured in gravid females. We studied the relationship between FA, snout - vent - length (SVL), and precision in approaching an acoustic stimulus through playback tests. Female mass was negatively correlated with jump length. Tympanum FA was negatively correlated with the accuracy of location of a sound source. Thus, FA can play an important role in sexual selection by conferring an advantage in access to available males by females with low values of asymmetry.

Eastern Garter Snakes (Thamnophis sirtalis) with proportionally larger heads are in better condition

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 424-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Elgee ◽  
Gabriel Blouin-Demers
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Sexual Size Dimorphism ◽  
Head Size ◽  
Thamnophis Sirtalis ◽  
Garter Snakes ◽  
Size Dimorphism ◽  
Trophic Morphology ◽  
Large Head ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractWe investigated sexual size dimorphism and trophic morphology dimorphism in Eastern Garter Snakes (Thamnophis sirtalis) to test predictions derived from the reproductive role hypothesis. Our first objective was to examine whether structures involved in feeding (head and jaws) are more divergent than body size. Female T. sirtalis were larger than males and had proportionally larger heads. Our second objective was to look for an advantage of large head size by examining the relationship between body condition and head size. Body condition was positively correlated with relative head size in T. sirtalis for both sexes, in agreement with the reproductive role hypothesis.

scholarly journals Fluctuating asymmetry could be reliable proxy for oxidative stress in vertebrates

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Canovas ◽  
Gregorio GMG Mentaberre ◽  
Asta Tvarijonaviciute ◽  
Encarna Casas-Díaz ◽  
Nora Navarro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Fluctuating Asymmetry ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
The Body ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Physiological Cost ◽  
European Wild Boar ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
The Relationship

The study of fluctuating asymmetry (FA) in living organisms has produced contradictory results over the past few decades. Though the protocol for measuring FA is firmly established, the sources of FA remain unclear in many cases. Our goal is to study the relationship between FA and both the concentration of biomarkers of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the body condition in a medium-sized mammal, the European wild boar (Sus scrofa). Using a Partial Least Squares regression (PLSr) we found a positive significant relationship between oxidative stress and FA but a negative relationship between oxidative stress and body condition of boar. Our results may suggest that FA can be used to assess the physiological cost associated with oxidative stress in mammals.

scholarly journals Fluctuating asymmetry could be reliable proxy for oxidative stress in vertebrates

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Canovas ◽  
Gregorio GMG Mentaberre ◽  
Asta Tvarijonaviciute ◽  
Encarna Casas-Díaz ◽  
Nora Navarro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Fluctuating Asymmetry ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
The Body ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Physiological Cost ◽  
European Wild Boar ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
The Relationship

The study of fluctuating asymmetry (FA) in living organisms has produced contradictory results over the past few decades. Though the protocol for measuring FA is firmly established, the sources of FA remain unclear in many cases. Our goal is to study the relationship between FA and both the concentration of biomarkers of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the body condition in a medium-sized mammal, the European wild boar (Sus scrofa). Using a Partial Least Squares regression (PLSr) we found a positive significant relationship between oxidative stress and FA but a negative relationship between oxidative stress and body condition of boar. Our results may suggest that FA can be used to assess the physiological cost associated with oxidative stress in mammals.

PLOIDY DOES NOT AFFECT FLUCTUATING ASYMMETRY IN THE CARPENTER BEE (HYMENOPTERA: ANTHOPHORIDAE)

2000 ◽  
Vol 132 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shin-ichi Kudo ◽  
Sachiko Mori
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Stress ◽  
Fluctuating Asymmetry ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Developmental Stability ◽  
Individual Quality ◽  
Carpenter Bee ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Perfect Symmetry ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Relationship

Random deviations from perfect symmetry in bilateral traits, fluctuating asymmetry, are thought to reflect developmental stability: the ability of an individual to buffer against genetic and (or) environmental stress during development (Palmer and Strobeck 1986). Fluctuating asymmetry is often regarded as an indicator of individual quality or fitness (Møller and Swaddle 1997); however, factors underlying fluctuating asymmetry are not well understood (Markow 1995). It has been suggested that heterozygosity, ploidy, and genomic coadaptation (hybridization) are genetic factors affecting the magnitude of fluctuating asymmetry (Palmer and Strobeck 1986; Markow 1995; Møller and Swaddle 1997). Insects having a haplodiploid sex-determining mechanism present opportunities to examine the relationship between ploidy and fluctuating asymmetry. In hymenopterans, females are diploid and males haploid. Thus the effects of ploidy can be investigated by contrasting males and females within a population (e.g., Clarke 1997). Diploid females, in which deleterious recessives reducing developmental stability could be masked, may be expected to have smaller asymmetry than haploid males (e.g., Brückner 1976; Smith et al. 1997). In this paper, we compare the level of fluctuating asymmetry in forewing venation of males to that of females in the carpenter bee Xylocopa appendiculata circumvolans Smith.

Predicting the Dose of Warfarin for Therapeutic Anticoagulation

1982 ◽  
Vol 47 (03) ◽  
pp. 230-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
N K Sharma ◽  
P A Routledge ◽  
M D Rawlins ◽  
D M Davies
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Range ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Maintenance Dose ◽  
Warfarin Dose ◽  
Loading Dose ◽  
Intravenous Injections ◽  
Therapeutic Anticoagulation ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Anticoagulant Response

SummaryThe validity of a previously described technique for predicting warfarin requirements based on the anticoagulant response to a fixed loading dose was assessed prospectively in 57 patients. There was a close relationship between the predicted and initially observed daily warfarin dose required to maintain the patient within the therapeutic range for anticoagulation. The significant relationship between predicted and observed maintenance dose persisted at 4 and 12 weeks although it decreased with increasing time.The relationship between observed and predicted maintenance requirement of warfarin was not affected by the concomitant use of intermittent intravenous injections of heparin when 9 hr was allowed to elapse between the previous dose of heparin and the thrombotest estimation on which the prediction was based.It is concluded that the method is valuable in predicting an individual’s warfarin requirement, although it does not obviate the need for regular monitoring of anticoagulant control.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document