Age Structures of Populations of Kangaroos (Macropodidae) taken by Professional Shooters in New South Wales.

1975 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
GR Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Life Table ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Annual Survival ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Time Specific ◽  
Age Structures

Skulls were aged for 4623 grey kangaroos (of both species), 1030 red kangaroos and 84 wallaroos taken by professional shooters in 1973 around eight towns in New South Wales. There was no significant difference in the proportion of adult (4-9 y) to old (10+ y) animals between areas, but there was a difference between red and grey kangaroos. The proportion of young (0-3y) animals, however, varied significantly between areas; this is attributed partly to variation between shooters. A time-specific life table was constructed on the basis of a stationary age distribution; the annual survival was 0.661 for grey kangaroos, 0.729 for wallaroos and 0.790 for red kangaroos. These rates seem influenced by the minimum carcass weights of 12, 13 and 16 kg for the three species respectively, and by the greater tolerance of graziers for red than grey kangaroos. The limitations and potentialities of these observations are discussed and the direction of future investigations indicated.

Effects of variable-intensity logging and the influence of habitat variables on the distribution of the Greater Glider Petauroides volans in montane forest, southeastern New South Wales

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodney P. Kavanagh ◽  
Rodney P. Kavanagh
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Environmental Variable ◽  
Variable Intensity ◽  
Usual Practice ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Arboreal Marsupials ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

Populations of arboreal marsupials were assessed in forests before and after logging at different levels of logging intensity to determine the sensitivity of these species to habitat disturbance. The logging treatments imposed were unlogged controls and two intensities of integrated logging for sawlogs and woodchips. The mean basal area of trees retained in logged blocks ranged from 83% to 35% of pre-logging levels. The objective of the study was to develop better methods for managing arboreal marsupials within the wood production forests of southeastern New South Wales. Seven species of arboreal marsupials were recorded during the study, but the Greater Glider Petauroides volans was the only species recorded in sufficient numbers for analysis (86% of all records). No significant differences were observed between the treatments in counts of the Greater Glider before and after logging. However, given the observed trend and an a priori expectation of a decline in numbers of this species following intensive logging, a one-tailed statistical test was applied which resulted in a significant difference at P = 0.08 for the contrast between the unlogged controls and the most intensively logged treatment. The existence of a threshold in logging intensity within the range of 21 % to 39% retention of tree basal area, below which numbers of the Greater Glider suffer a marked decline, was inferred on the basis of comparisons with the results of other studies. Factors other than logging were important in determining the distribution of the Greater Glider. Elevation, in particular, was a significant environmental variable, with Greater Gliders more likely to occur in forests above 845 m a.s.1. The presence and absence of particular tree species also influenced the distribution of the Greater Glider. Forests containing Manna Gum E. viminalis and Mountain Gum E. dalrympleana were highly preferred compared to forests with a high proportion of E. obliqua. The presence of E. cypellocarpa appeared to improve the quality of habitat for the Greater Glider in forests dominated by E. obliqua. This study has shown that Greater Glider populations can be maintained at or near pre-logging levels when at least 40% of the original tree basal area is retained thoughout logged areas and when the usual practice of retaining unlogged forest in riparian strips is applied.

57. GENOTYPING OF UROGENITAL CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS IN REGIONAL NEW SOUTH WALES, AUSTRALIA

Sexual Health ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 306
Author(s):  
D. Mossman ◽  
C. Ooi ◽  
M. Loewenthal ◽  
M. Boyle
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
New South ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Genotype Frequency ◽  
Sexual Networks ◽  
Genotype Analysis ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Chlamydia Trachomatis is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections in Australia and world wide. This study was undertaken to map the frequency of Chlamydia genotypes in regional New South Wales (NSW), Australia, to explore the potential utility of genotype analysis in defining local sexual networks, and to investigate whether patterns of genotype frequency are correlated with demographic factors, including age and gender. Methods: We studied 204 urine samples infected with Chlamydia trachomatis, as determined by PCR analysis using the COBAS Amplicor system. Samples were collected from wide geographic area of regional New South Wales (Hunter, New England, Northern Rivers, South Eastern New South Wales). Sequencing and genotyping were performed after nested PCR of the omp1 gene. Results: Genotype E was found in 42.6% of infections, with genotypes F (23.5%) and G (16.7%) other common causes of infection. Mixed infection occurred in only 3 cases. There was no significant difference in genotype frequency based on gender or geographic location. There was a significant difference in gender frequency based on patient age, with older patients significantly more likely to demonstrate infection with genotype G (mean age (years) 23.7+/-7.29 sd, E: 21.7 +/-5.7 sd; G: 28.9; sd 10.18; p�=�0.022). Conclusions: There was no significant difference in genotype frequency in the various regions of New South Wales, suggesting genotype analysis is of limited use in defining sexual networks in regional NSW. The finding of a higher frequency of genotype G in older patients raises the possibility that genotypic variation may be driven by immune responses to genotypes that occur more frequently at a younger age. These results may have implications for the future design of a chlamydial vaccine.

Studies of the Ground-dwelling Mammals of Eucalypt Forests in North-eastern New South Wales: the Species, their Abundance and Distribution

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. Catling ◽  
R. J. Burt
Keyword(s):  
Vulpes Vulpes ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Felis Catus ◽  
Widespread Distribution ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Eucalypt Forests ◽  
Abundance And Distribution

The distribution and abundance of ground-dwelling mammals in the major vegetation alliances in the eucalypt forests within an area of c. 24000 km2 in north-eastern New South Wales were examined. Data for 33 species of mammal from 21 areas containing 30 vegetation alliances were collected. Four notable aspects of the data were the absence or low abundance of the introduced fox (Vulpes vulpes), the widespread distribution and abundance of the cat (Felis catus), the diversity and abundance of medium-sized native mammals and the diversity of small mammals. Although differences occurred between areas and alliances, there was no significant difference in the number of native and introduced species. The ground-dwelling mammals present in the eucalypt forests of north-eastern New South Wales were more diverse and in greater abundance than those found in forests of south-eastern New South Wales. However, some species, such as the spotted-tailed quoll (Dasyurus maculatus), appear to be in urgent need of protection and management if they are to persist.

Using abattoir surveillance and producer surveys to investigate the prevalence and current preventative management of Caseous lymphadenitis in Merino flocks in Australia

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 675 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Bush ◽  
R. Barnett ◽  
I. J. Links ◽  
P. A. Windsor
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
New South ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Surveillance Data ◽  
Caseous Lymphadenitis ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Livestock Health

The prevalence of Caseous lymphadenitis (CLA) in Australia was estimated to be 5.2% using 2009 abattoir surveillance data from all States supplied by Animal Health Australia involving 5029 lines comprising 1 339 463 sheep. This is a decrease from the 26% estimated in a similar study in 1995. There was a significant difference (P < 0.001) in CLA prevalence between all states except Tasmania and Victoria (P = 0.75) with prevalences of 12.8 and 12.9%, respectively. Western Australia recorded the lowest prevalence with 1.0%. The average CLA prevalence for New South Wales was 5.3% and within three surveyed Livestock Health and Pest Authority regions (Tablelands, Central North and Central West) was 2.9, 4.9 and 4.4%, respectively. The attitude of the majority of producers surveyed in these three Livestock Health and Pest Authority areas was that CLA was of little or no significance (75%) but were aware of the need for CLA control with ~68% using 6-in-1 vaccine, though only 39.9% as recommended. It appears that the prolonged use of CLA vaccination has been successful in reducing the prevalence of CLA across Australia and particularly in New South Wales. Further improvements in communication of information on preventative management practices associated with lice control, importance of using an approved vaccination program, plus increasing producers’ awareness of the importance of CLA control, are indicated.

Aspects of Lactation in the Platypus, Ornithorhynchus anatinus (Monotremata), in Waters of Eastern New South Wales.

1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 881 ◽  
Author(s):  
TR Grant ◽  
M Griffiths ◽  
RMC Leckie
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Young Leave ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Ornithorhynchus Anatinus ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lactating Females ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One ◽  
First Time

Female platypuses captured in waters of eastern New South Wales were found to be lactating between the months of October and March. Lactating females were most numerous in December, accounting for 64% of females captured. Non-lactating females were taken in all months, indicating that not all females breed successfully every year. There was no significant difference between the fatty acid complement of milk taken from a platypus lactating very late in the season and those of others sampled in December at the peak of the lactation season. Some evidence exists that females do not become reproductive until at least their second year of life. Some females were found lactating in consecutive years, and others lactated one year and not in the one following. Animals of over 9 years of age are known to breed. Most juveniles were captured in February, March and April, and it is suggested that the young leave the breeding burrows for the first time in late January through to March, and become independent from their mothers, who are ceasing lactation at that time.

Annual reproductive rythm in Merino sheep related to the choice of a mating time at Trangie, Central Western New South Wales

1960 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 805 ◽  
Author(s):  
RB Dun ◽  
W Ahmed ◽  
AJ Morrant
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Conception Rate ◽  
Multiple Ovulation ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
Motility Of Sperm ◽  
Poor Nutrition ◽  
Mating Time

The ovaries from slaughtered Peppin Merino ewes were examined at Trangie for a 12 month period commencing in April 1954. A seasonal rhythm was demonstrated for the percentage of ewes ovulating and for the percentage of multiple ovulations. The seasonal peak was in March–April, with a trough in November–December. Data were compared from a series of autumn and spring matings over the years 1953–1959 using genetically comparable flocks of similar age distribution, mated by identical methods. The overall incidence of oestrus was significantly higher in the first 3 weeks of mating (artificial insemination) in the autumn. The patterns of incidence of oestrus also differed, oestrus being much higher at the commencement of mating in the autumn. Differences between years in the incidence of oestrus were more pronounced in the spring, low incidence being correlated with poor nutrition. In only one mating — spring of 1954, a drought year — was the incidence of oestrus low initially, with a sharp rise commencing at 14 days. The conception rate for autumn-mated ewes was 10 percent. higher than for spring-mated ewes. Little difference was observed in the number and motility of sperm used at the seasonal matings. Lambing percentages strongly favoured the autumn mating: 15 percent. more wet ewes, 25 per cent. more twins mothered, 37 per cent. more lambs mothered, and 33 per cent. more lambs weaned. There was little difference between seasons in ewe deaths prior to and during lambing, or in deaths of lambs between mothering and weaning. The relative importance of the factors causing the 37 per cent. more lambs mothered in the autumn mating was as follows: incidence of oestrus, 11 per cent.; pattern of oestrus, 5 per cent.; incidence of multiple ovulation, 57 per cent.; conception rate, 27 per cent. The importance of the conception rate could be largely an associated effect of the higher autumn incidence of multiple ovulation. The weaning weight of lambs tended to be slightly higher for autumn matings, although there was great variation between years, both in the size and in the sign of differences. These differences had almost disappeared by 17 months of age. The choice of a mating time in central western New South Wales is discussed relative to these findings.

A survey of free and conjugated deoxynivalenol in the 2009, 2010 and 2011 cereal crops in Australia

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 407 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. T. Tran ◽  
T. K. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Cereal Grain ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Current Survey

Free and conjugated deoxynivalenol (DON, vomitoxin) were determined in samples of cereal grain collected from the 2009, 2010 and 2011 crops in the Australian states of New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Victoria and Western Australia. Free DON was absent in 53–64% of analysed samples. Levels of free DON ranged from 0.10 to 7.31 µg/g. The highest levels of free DON were found in samples collected from the New South Wales 2010 crop while no samples from South Australia or Western Australia regions contained this compound. Free DON in the samples collected from the 2010 crop was significantly higher compared with those from the 2009 and the 2011 crop. Conjugated DON was detected in 61, 87 and 68% of contaminated grain samples in the 2009, 2010 and 2011 crop, respectively. Conjugated DON was found mainly in the samples collected from the 2009 crop (up to 48%) and the 2011 crop (up to 43%) but no significant difference between free DON and total DON content was observed. The current survey emphasises the frequency of non-detectable, conjugated DON in Australian cereal crops and the potential challenges in understanding the hazard posed by DON-contaminated feedstuffs.

Field variations in alkane signatures among plant species in ‘degraded’ and perennial pastures on the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales

1998 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 263 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Chen ◽  
R. D. B. Lefroy ◽  
G. J. Blair ◽  
J. M. Scott
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Field Variation ◽  
Cuticular Waxes ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
South Wales ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Time Specific

Differences in concentrations of n-alkanes in the cuticular waxes of plants can be used to estimate the species composition of herbage mixtures or the diet consumed by grazing animals. The objectives of this study were (i) to provide information on the n-alkane (C25-C35) ‘signatures’ or patterns of pasture species occurring in ‘degraded’ and perennial pastures of the Northern Tablelands, New South Wales, and (ii) to examine the extent of the field variation in the signatures. There were considerable differences in odd-numbered alkanes and in their total content between species. There were also significant differences in n-alkane concentrations among species within grasses, legumes, and weeds. For the individual odd-numbered alkanes, differences between species accounted for 87-93% of the total variance in alkane concentration over 3 samplings. Variable results for the temporal effect suggest that time-specific herbage samples are needed in animal diet studies. Analyses of the spatial effect indicate that random cuts over each treatment plot can obtain representative samples of each species. Multivariate statistical analyses using principal component and discriminant analyses indicated that the patterns of alkanes in species occurring on both degraded and perennial pastures were readily distinguishable. These results confirmed that the alkane technique could be used for estimation of diet composition in grazing sheep on the Northern Tablelands, NSW, where differences in n-alkane signatures between species were sufficient and persistent over time.

New South Wales Kangaroo Management Program: 2002 and beyond..

2004 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
JH Gilroy
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Planning ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Strategic Planning Process ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Time Specific

Immediately following the review of the New South Wales (NSW) Kangaroo Management Program (KMP) in 1997, the NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service initiated a strategic planning process involving the NSW Kangaroo Management Advisory Committee. In April 2000 the strategic planning process progressed into a full review of the KMP 1998-2002 and various reports were commissioned. The draft KMP 2002-2006 was released for public comment on 14 July 2001. Key issues considered when preparing the new program were the legislative framework, the inclusion of goals and objectives that can be audited, the merits of damage mitigation as a rationale for commercial kangaroo use and the format and writing style of the KMP 1998-2002. Following analysis of submissions on the draft KMP 2002-2006, the program was finalised and submitted to the Australian Commonwealth Government for approval. The KMP 2002-2006 was approved by the Commonwealth and is valid from 1 January 2002 to 31 December 2006. The KMP 2002-2006 has a single overarching goal to maintain viable populations of kangaroos throughout their ranges in accordance with the principles of ecologically sustainable development. This goal is serviced by six new management-based objectives, each of which is covered by a specific section in the new management program. The new management program no longer relies on identification of damage as justification for commercial kangaroo use, and facility for an adaptive management approach has been added for the first time. Specific arrangements for ongoing program audits, periodic full program reviews and community awareness and participation are further additions to the new management program.

Comparison of Wheel Point and Point Frame Methods for Plant Cover Measurement of Semiarid and Arid Rangeland Vegetation of New South Wales.

1994 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
H Arzani ◽  
GW King
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Biomass Estimation ◽  
Tall Grass ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
Average Annual Rainfall

Ground cover is frequently estimated in rangeland monitoring and it is an important intermediate measurement between biomass estimation and satellite imagery. As a preliminary phase in a longer term program, wheel point and point frame methods were used to measure vegetation cover on four permanent Soil Conservation Service transects at each of four land systems in western New South Wales, at Nyngan (410 mm average annual rainfall), at Cobar (364 mm average annual rainfall) and two at Fowlers Gap (200 mm average annual rainfall) north of Broken Hill. The majority of this work used 400 wheel point hits per transect and 100 point quadrats sub sampled 9 - 13 times along each of four transects. There was no statistically significant difference between these techniques for total foliage cover over a combined analysis of all sites under pre-drought conditions, and for pre-drought and post-drought at Cobar. However, there was a 10% difference estimated between the techniques for total foliage cover at Nyngan when it was analysed in isolation. There were no consistent differences in technique for cover estimation for more than 40 plant species including annual grasses and herbs, perennial grasses and saltbushes. Significant differences between techniques were found for Medicago sp. and Thyridolepis mitchelliana on one occasion. We believe that these differences were due to the problems of finding small plants in tall grass and identifying heavily grazed grasses during drought conditions at Cobar and, in the latter case, this was also associated with a significantly greater estimate of mean cover for all grasses and thus total foliage cover. Although there was generally no statistical difference between techniques our observations suggest that the point frame tends to give lower estimates of cover than the wheel point in the situations measured. This may be associated with the circumference of the marker pins on the wheel point or perhaps observer error but as this effect appeared to be more noticeable with grasses we suspect that the former is most likely. The wheel point is less time consuming, more convenient and simpler to use than the point frame, and will readily accommodate most temporal and spatial variation in sampling requirements in similar land forms in western New South Wales.

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