Field variations in alkane signatures among plant species in ‘degraded’ and perennial pastures on the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales

1998 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 263 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Chen ◽  
R. D. B. Lefroy ◽  
G. J. Blair ◽  
J. M. Scott
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Field Variation ◽  
Cuticular Waxes ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
South Wales ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Time Specific

Differences in concentrations of n-alkanes in the cuticular waxes of plants can be used to estimate the species composition of herbage mixtures or the diet consumed by grazing animals. The objectives of this study were (i) to provide information on the n-alkane (C25-C35) ‘signatures’ or patterns of pasture species occurring in ‘degraded’ and perennial pastures of the Northern Tablelands, New South Wales, and (ii) to examine the extent of the field variation in the signatures. There were considerable differences in odd-numbered alkanes and in their total content between species. There were also significant differences in n-alkane concentrations among species within grasses, legumes, and weeds. For the individual odd-numbered alkanes, differences between species accounted for 87-93% of the total variance in alkane concentration over 3 samplings. Variable results for the temporal effect suggest that time-specific herbage samples are needed in animal diet studies. Analyses of the spatial effect indicate that random cuts over each treatment plot can obtain representative samples of each species. Multivariate statistical analyses using principal component and discriminant analyses indicated that the patterns of alkanes in species occurring on both degraded and perennial pastures were readily distinguishable. These results confirmed that the alkane technique could be used for estimation of diet composition in grazing sheep on the Northern Tablelands, NSW, where differences in n-alkane signatures between species were sufficient and persistent over time.

The individual and health sector costs of asthma: the first year of a longitudinal study in New South Wales

2005 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 429-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Kenny ◽  
Emily Lancsar ◽  
Jane Hall ◽  
Madeleine King ◽  
Meredyth Chaplin
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
First Year ◽  
South Wales ◽  
The Individual

Classification of wheat areas and prediction of yields in north-western New South Wales by repetitive Landsat data

1980 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 449 ◽  
Author(s):  
KW Dawbin ◽  
JC Evans ◽  
MJ Duggin ◽  
EK Leggett
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Wheat Growth ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Radiance Data ◽  
Vegetative Phases

Radiance data collected by Landsat were used to derive wheat production forecasts. Radiance data at three stages of wheat growth in 1976 for the Tamworth region of the New South Wales wheat-belt were analysed by multivariate statistical methods to discriminate between paddocks that had been sown with wheat and those that had not, and to relate radiance to wheat yield. A discriminant function was derived that classified the paddocks, and a regression equation was derived to predict yields of wheat paddocks. Although data were not available for the green vegetative phases of growth, intrinsic testing of classification and yield prediction indicated high accuracy, although extrinsic testing indicated that they were less accurate. Assuming that data are available in future seasons at the vegetative stages, Landsat has a great potential for improving wheat forecasts in Australia.

Evaluation of tree establishment treatments on saline seeps near Wellington and Young in New South Wales

2000 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. E. Marcar ◽  
A. K. M. A. Hossain ◽  
D. F. Crawford ◽  
A. T. Nicholson
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Tree Establishment ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Crown Volume ◽  
Casuarina Cunninghamiana ◽  
Atriplex Nummularia ◽  
The Individual

The success of tree establishment on both saline and non-saline sites is dependent on the use of appropriate pre- and post-planting procedures. The 4 trials reported here on 2 dryland saline sites, near Wellington and Young in New South Wales, deal with the individual and combined effects of mulch, fertiliser, tree guards and pre-conditioning with salt and waterlogging, alone and in combination, on survival and growth of Acacia stenophylla, Atriplex nummularia, Casuarina cunninghamiana, Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Melaleuca halmaturorum. Each trial included 1 or more of these species. Soil salinity was assessed at the plot level using a hand-held electromagnetic induction device (EM38). Treatments had variable effects, depending on species, site, experiment and treatment combinations. Mulch application significantly improved height in 2 trials and, in combination with plastic guard and fertiliser, produced the best results. Treatments generally increased basal stem diameter or stem diameter at breast height, and crown volume, but the differences were usually not statistically significant. The combined effect of mulch, fertiliser and plastic guard on growth was usually greater than any single treatment.

The economics of temperate pasture systems on the central and southern Tablelands of New South Wales

2001 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 159 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. T. Vere ◽  
R. E. Jones ◽  
M. H. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
New South ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
High Quality ◽  
South Wales ◽  
The Individual

Pastures are the basis of most forms of agricultural production on the New South Wales central and southern tablelands. Pastures occupy the bulk of the region's landmass and pasture-based livestock production annually contributes more than three-quarters of the regional gross value of rural production. Throughout the region, there is substantial variation in pasture composition, ranging from high quality introduced perennial grasses and legumes to pastures comprising mainly low quality native species. This paper examines the economics of the main categories of temperate pastures over a range of soil fertility-rainfall environments on the south-eastern tablelands areas of New South Wales. Using a linear programming model and discounted development budgets, the results demonstrate the strong influence of the environment on the economics of the individual pasture systems. The highest economic returns in both the short and longer-terms were to the introduced perennial grass pastures in most of the environments. Pastures based on introduced legumes and the high quality native species also generated sound economic returns, although there are recognised problems with the persistence of the legume pastures. Over time, the returns to the better quality native pastures compare favourably with the introduced legumes and are better suited to acidic soils than the perennial grasses. Low quality native species produced relatively poor economic returns in all environments and unfortunately, are the main pasture type in the region's less favourable environments.

The Olivines of a Differentiated Teschenite Sill Near Gunnedah, New South Wales

1956 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 441-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. G. Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Olivine Composition ◽  
South Wales ◽  
The Individual

AbstractData is presented on textural variation, optical properties, and resultant compositions of the olivines from a differentiated teschenite sill. The range in olivine composition is from Fa21 to Fa,60. Both the individual crystals and successive crops of crystals become more fayalitic with progressive differentiation.

Genotypic variation among sites within eleven Australian native grasses

2003 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 70 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Waters ◽  
G. Melville ◽  
A. Grice
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
South Wales

Eleven species of native grass were collected from 51 sites throughout western New South Wales and south-west Queensland. Approximately 10 whole plants of each species were collected from a site but not all species were collected from each site. Plants were grown in a common environment at Trangie in central western New South Wales and plant morphological and floristic characteristics measured. Data reported here are for observations made in the third year, by which time differences between populations were likely to be more genetic than environmental. Principal component and discriminant analyses revealed a strong relationship between site of origin and plant morphological characteristics, which explained between 61% and 93% of the variation within species. For all but one species, site was significantly correlated with these morphological characteristics. Site could be predicted from morphological characters with a success rate usually greater than 80%. These morphological characteristics must reflect genotypic differences among the collection from the different sites. We were unable to relate this variation to any of a range of site characteristics. Distance between sites could not be used as an indicator of morphological differences between populations. The implications of these findings are discussed in terms of providing strong evidence for the existence of ecotypes and for obtaining appropriate seed sources for revegetation/restoration programs.

Teachers' Attitudes and Perspectives on Educational Provisions for “Gifted” and “Talented” Children in New South Wales, Australia and Essex, England

1990 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 174-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne Larsson
Keyword(s):  
Gifted And Talented ◽  
New South ◽  
Common Factor ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Service Training ◽  
The Common ◽  
Teachers Attitudes ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Comprehensive Framework

This paper focuses on teacher attitudes to educational provisions for gifted and talented children in two countries. A questionnaire was distributed to 100 teachers in Sydney, New South Wales and to 100 teachers in Essex, England. Both groups represented a range of primary and secondary schools. Teachers had between 5 and 20 years experience and most were aged between 30 and 40 years. The common factor was acceptance of provisions within the comprehensive framework of education but rejection of any provisions that might be interpreted as elitist. It was also considered that there should be pre-service and in-service training in teaching methods for gifted education for all teachers so that the individual talents of children can be accommodated according to their needs within the comprehensive system.

New South Wales Kangaroo Management Program: 2002 and beyond..

2004 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
JH Gilroy
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Planning ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Strategic Planning Process ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Time Specific

Immediately following the review of the New South Wales (NSW) Kangaroo Management Program (KMP) in 1997, the NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service initiated a strategic planning process involving the NSW Kangaroo Management Advisory Committee. In April 2000 the strategic planning process progressed into a full review of the KMP 1998-2002 and various reports were commissioned. The draft KMP 2002-2006 was released for public comment on 14 July 2001. Key issues considered when preparing the new program were the legislative framework, the inclusion of goals and objectives that can be audited, the merits of damage mitigation as a rationale for commercial kangaroo use and the format and writing style of the KMP 1998-2002. Following analysis of submissions on the draft KMP 2002-2006, the program was finalised and submitted to the Australian Commonwealth Government for approval. The KMP 2002-2006 was approved by the Commonwealth and is valid from 1 January 2002 to 31 December 2006. The KMP 2002-2006 has a single overarching goal to maintain viable populations of kangaroos throughout their ranges in accordance with the principles of ecologically sustainable development. This goal is serviced by six new management-based objectives, each of which is covered by a specific section in the new management program. The new management program no longer relies on identification of damage as justification for commercial kangaroo use, and facility for an adaptive management approach has been added for the first time. Specific arrangements for ongoing program audits, periodic full program reviews and community awareness and participation are further additions to the new management program.

Age Structures of Populations of Kangaroos (Macropodidae) taken by Professional Shooters in New South Wales.

1975 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
GR Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Life Table ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Annual Survival ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Time Specific ◽  
Age Structures

Skulls were aged for 4623 grey kangaroos (of both species), 1030 red kangaroos and 84 wallaroos taken by professional shooters in 1973 around eight towns in New South Wales. There was no significant difference in the proportion of adult (4-9 y) to old (10+ y) animals between areas, but there was a difference between red and grey kangaroos. The proportion of young (0-3y) animals, however, varied significantly between areas; this is attributed partly to variation between shooters. A time-specific life table was constructed on the basis of a stationary age distribution; the annual survival was 0.661 for grey kangaroos, 0.729 for wallaroos and 0.790 for red kangaroos. These rates seem influenced by the minimum carcass weights of 12, 13 and 16 kg for the three species respectively, and by the greater tolerance of graziers for red than grey kangaroos. The limitations and potentialities of these observations are discussed and the direction of future investigations indicated.

Parliamentary Privilege in New South Wales

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
Stephen Frappell
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
New South ◽  
Common Law ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
South Wales ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Individual

The law of parliamentary privilege in New South Wales is the sum of certain immunities, rights, and powers enjoyed by the individual Houses of the Parliament of New South Wales, together with their members and committees, as constituent parts of the Legislature. The law is complex. It is liberally interspersed with uncertainty and ambiguity. It is also distinctly different from the law of privilege in other Australian jurisdictions, including the Commonwealth, and also from overseas jurisdictions. It is singular in the degree to which it relies on the common law, without recourse to statutory expression or to the historical privileges of the Houses of Parliament in the United Kingdom. Nevertheless, in some respects, the Parliament of New South Wales has been remarkably successful through the courts, and through its own procedures, in asserting the powers and rights of members under the banner of parliamentary privilege, notably in relation to orders for the production of State papers.

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