Distribution of Feeding Activity of the Eastern Grey Kangaroo, Macropus Giganteus, in Coastal Lowland of South-East Queensland.

1980 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 317 ◽  
Author(s):  
RJ Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Prescribed Burning ◽  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Faecal Pellets ◽  
Coastal Lowland ◽  
Abundant Food ◽  
Grey Kangaroo ◽  
Restricted Use ◽  
Opening Up

In an area of coastal lowland managed by the Forestry Department of Queensland, habitats differed in the density, height and species composition of their undergrowth. In natural habitats Themeda australis made up the bulk of the diet of M. giganteus, but in firebreaks a range of grasses was eaten. Kangaroos actively fed only in habitats with open undergrowth, and in these habitats the density of faecal pellets correlated with the abundance of food present. Dense undergrowth restricted use of habitat even for movement. The abundance of food and the height and density of the undergrowth in contiguous habitat influenced the abundance of sightings on firebreaks. Firebreaks create a new source of abundant food. Prescribed burning attracts kangaroos to habitats by opening up dense undergrowth and encouraging the growth of grass.

scholarly journals Anthonomus rubi on Strawberry Fruit: Its Biology, Ecology, Damage, and Control from an IPM Perspective

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 701
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Tonina ◽  
Giulia Zanettin ◽  
Paolo Miorelli ◽  
Simone Puppato ◽  
Andrew G. S. Cuthbertson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Host Feeding ◽  
Mass Trapping ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Potential Control ◽  
North East ◽  
Monitoring Tools ◽  
Anthonomus Rubi ◽  
And Control

The strawberry blossom weevil (SBW), Anthonomus rubi, is a well-documented pest of strawberry. Recently, in strawberry fields of Trento Province (north-east Italy), new noteworthy damage on fruit linked to SBW adults was observed, combined with a prolonged adult activity until the autumn. In this new scenario, we re-investigated SBW biology, ecology, monitoring tools, and potential control methods to develop Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategies. Several trials were conducted on strawberry in the laboratory, field and semi-natural habitats. The feeding activity of adult SBW results in small deep holes on berries at different stages, causing yield losses of up to 60%. We observed a prolonged survival of newly emerged adults (>240 days) along with their ability to sever flower buds without laying eggs inside them in the same year (one generation per year). SBW adults were present in the strawberry field year-round, with movement between crop and no crop habitats, underlying a potential role of other host/feeding plants to support its populations. Yellow sticky traps combined with synthetic attractants proved promising for both adult monitoring and mass trapping. Regarding control, adhesive tapes and mass trapping using green bucket pheromone traps gave unsatisfactory results, while the high temperatures provided by the black fabric, the periodic removal of severed buds or adults and Chlorpyrifos-methyl application constrained population build-up. The findings are important for the development of an IPM strategy.

scholarly journals Environmental filtering and spillover explain multi-species edge responses across agricultural boundaries in a biosphere reserve

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. van Schalkwyk ◽  
J. S. Pryke ◽  
M. J. Samways ◽  
R. Gaigher
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Habitat Quality ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Environmental Filtering ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Habitat Specificity ◽  
Induced Changes

Abstract To ensure integrity of protected areas we need to understand how species respond to anthropogenic borders. We investigate, from a metacommunity perspective, the direct and indirect mechanisms by which transformed areas affect distribution patterns of ground-living arthropod assemblages inhabiting an extensive protected area adjacent to fruit orchards in an important biosphere reserve. Arthropods and environmental variables were sampled along transects perpendicular to natural-orchard edges. Influence of distance from orchard boundary, degree of impermeability of the boundary, orchard habitat quality (local scale land-use intensity), and edge-induced changes in local environmental variables on arthropod species richness and composition in non-crop habitats were assessed. Arthropod groups were assessed in terms of habitat fidelity: species associated with natural habitat (stenotopic species), those within crop habitat (cultural species), and those showing no preference for either habitat (ubiquitous species). Spillover resulted in higher cultural species richness near edges, but not higher overall species richness. Environmental filtering was important for stenotopic species composition, which was influenced by edge-induced changes in environmental variables. Ubiquitous species composition was determined by orchard impermeability. Increased orchard habitat quality was associated with higher cultural and ubiquitous species richness. The effects of orchards on assemblages in natural habitats can be variable, but predictable when using species habitat specificity in conjunction with a metacommunity framework. High intensity orchards may act as sink habitats, especially for species that readily disperse between crop and natural habitats. Here we recommend that local buffer strips are > 85 m wide, which will reduce the influence of cultural species spillover on sensitive natural ecosystems.

Effects of Targeted Grazing and Prescribed Burning on Community and Seed Dynamics of a Downy Brome (Bromus tectorum)–Dominated Landscape

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel M. Diamond ◽  
Christopher A. Call ◽  
Nora Devoe
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Prescribed Burning ◽  
Bromus Tectorum ◽  
Downy Brome ◽  
Stable States ◽  
Targeted Grazing ◽  
Northern Nevada ◽  
Seed Dynamics

AbstractDowny brome (Bromus tectorum L.)—dominated communities can remain as stable states for long periods, even with frequent disturbance by grazing and fire. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of using targeted cattle grazing and late-season prescribed burning, alone and in combination, to reduce B. tectorum seed bank input and seed bank density and thus alter aboveground community dynamics (species composition) on a B. tectorum–dominated landscape in northern Nevada. Cattle removed 80 to 90% of standing biomass in grazed plots in May of 2005 and 2006 when B. tectorum was in the boot (phenological) stage. Grazed and ungrazed plots were burned in October 2005 and 2006. The combined grazing–burning treatment was more effective than either treatment alone in reducing B. tectorum seed input and seed bank density, and in shifting species composition from a community dominated by B. tectorum to one composed of a suite of species, with B. tectorum as a component rather than a dominant. This study provides a meso-scale precursor for landscape-scale adaptive management using grazing and burning methodologies.

scholarly journals Unassisted establishment of biological soil crusts on dryland road slopes

Web Ecology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Concostrina-Zubiri ◽  
Juan M. Arenas ◽  
Isabel Martínez ◽  
Adrián Escudero
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Biological Soil Crusts ◽  
Functional Structure ◽  
Ecosystem Recovery ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Soil Crusts

Abstract. Understanding patterns of habitat natural recovery after human-made disturbances is critical for the conservation of ecosystems under high environmental stress, such as drylands. In particular, the unassisted establishment of nonvascular plants such as biological soil crusts or biocrust communities (e.g., soil lichens, mosses and cyanobacteria) in newly formed habitats is not yet fully understood. However, the potential of biocrusts to improve soil structure and function at the early stages of succession and promote ecosystem recovery is enormous. In this study, we evaluated the capacity of lichen biocrusts to spontaneously establish and develop on road slopes in a Mediterranean shrubland. We also compared taxonomic and functional diversity of biocrusts between road slopes and natural habitats in the surroundings. Biocrust richness and cover, species composition, and functional structure were measured in 17 road slopes (nine roadcuts and eight embankments) along a 13 km highway stretch. Topography, soil properties and vascular plant communities of road slopes were also characterized. We used Kruskal–Wallis tests and applied redundancy analysis (RDA) to test the effect of environmental scenario (road slopes vs. natural habitat) and other local factors on biocrust features. We found that biocrusts were common in road slopes after ∼20 years of construction with no human assistance needed. However, species richness and cover were still lower than in natural remnants. Also, functional structure was quite similar between roadcuts (i.e., after soil excavation) and natural remnants, and topography and soil properties influenced species composition while environmental scenario type and vascular plant cover did not. These findings further support the idea of biocrusts as promising restoration tools in drylands and confirm the critical role of edaphic factors in biocrust establishment and development in land-use change scenarios.

scholarly journals Use of corvids’ nests by other bird species in Baikal Siberia and Mongolia

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 38-42
Author(s):  
Tsydypzhap Zayatuevich Dorzhiev ◽  
Evgeniya Nikolaevna Badmaeva ◽  
Tsogtbaatar Dayanzhav ◽  
Uuganbaya Enkhsaikhan ◽  
Ariyana Tomur-oolovna Saaya
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
House Sparrow ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Random Tree ◽  
Specific Structure ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Carrion Crow ◽  
Regional Features ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Almost All

The paper presents the species composition of corvids in Baikal Siberia and Mongolia. More than 700 nests of 8 species of corvids in Transbaikalia, Baikal and Mongolia were examined. 133 cases of using nests of 5 species of corvids (Magpies, Eastern Carrion Crow, Rooks and Daurian Jackdaws) by other species of birds were noted. Nests of small corvids do not attract other birds. Nests of magpies are most commonly used; they are characterized by a specific structure. Of the 8 species that use corvid nests for nesting, Amur red-footed Falcon and long-eared owl are obligate tenants. Then goes Kestrel that prefers magpie nests. The number of these types in many places is determined by the abundance of magpies and crows. In recent years, due to the high number of magpies, the number of Amur falcons in the region is growing. They began following magpies to penetrate the outskirts of Ulan-Ude. Three species (Mallard, hobby, tree sparrows) are considered optional to be the tenants and three other species (Ruddy Shelduck, Long-eared Owl and House Sparrow) are considered to be random. Tree sparrows often nest in the magpie nests in natural habitats. Almost all types of tenants use old nests of the owners. Regional features in the use of corvid nests are revealed. Some species in different regions do not prefer the same nests of different types of corvids.

scholarly journals Social decision making is influenced by size of shoal but not personality or familiarity in Deccan Mahseer (Tor khudree)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vishwanath Varma ◽  
Abhishek Singh ◽  
Jintu Vijayan ◽  
VV Binoy
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Invasive Species ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Social Behaviour ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Social Decision ◽  
Decisions To Leave ◽  
Social Decision Making

AbstractShoals formed by many piscine species are fission-fusion societies where decisions to leave or join a group can have consequences on the fitness of individuals. Some important factors that determine shoal choice are shoal size, familiarity and species composition. However, individuals and species often exhibit distinct shoaling preferences. Individual differences in shoaling preferences may also be related to personality traits such as boldness and sociability. In this study, we examined the link between shoaling decisions and personality traits in a hatchery reared population of an endangered megafish, the Deccan Mahseer (Tor khudree). We found that this fish exhibits a distinct preference for larger shoals at ratios of 1:2 or greater. However, they did not prefer to associate with an isolated familiar individual over unfamiliar ones or with a member of their own species over an invasive species. Moreover, shoaling preferences in individuals did not correlate with their boldness or sociability. These results suggest that hatchery reared mahseers which are reintroduced into natural habitats may shoal with invasive species, negatively affecting their viability. Modifying social behaviour of mahseers by amending rearing practices may be a useful strategy to improve outcomes of restocking interventions.

scholarly journals Avifauna urbana de dois município da grande São Paulo, SP (Brasil)

1992 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waverli Maia Matarazzo-Neuberger
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Nous Avons ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The Other ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
The City

A composição em espécies e a biologia da avifauna de seis praças e um cemitério das cidades industriais de Santo André e São Bernardo do Campo foram investigadas, de julho de 1982 a junho de 1984, totalizando 501 horas de observação. Em uma das praças foram colocados alimentos para a atração de aves. Nessa praça. 38 espécies foram visualizadas, com predominância de espécies temporárias, onivoras e solitárias, Nos demais locais um total de somente 23 espécies foram visualizadas. Espécies anuais, insetívoras ou onívoras e que vivem em grupos e bando predominaram na comunidade. Abstract The species composition of birds was investigated at six different squares and a cemetery, in two suburbs of the São Paulo Metropolis. From July. 1982 to June. 1984. 501 hours of observation were carried ou(, Grains, bread and sugary water were offered in one of lhe squares to atract birds. Thirty-eight species of birds were present in this square, and probably half of them was atracted by the food. Most were solitary and omnivores birds, that stayed on the city just part of lhe year. ln the other places only 23 species of birds were present, a verv poor number compared to natural habitats. Most were flocking birds. residents, insectivores or omnivores. Résumé De juillet 1982 à juin 1984. au cours de 501 heures d'investigations, nous avons étudié la distribution et la biologie des espèces d’oiseaux relevées dans 7 localités, dont un cimetiére. faisant partie des cités industrielles de Santo André et de São Bernardo do Campo. Dans l’une de ces localités, nous avons offert des aliments variés pour attirer les oiseaux. Parmi les 38 espéces ainsi observées prédominaient les espéces temporaires, omnivores et solitaires. Dans les autres localités, nous avons relevé 23 espèces o predominaient les espèces annuelles. insectivores au omnivores, qui vivent en groups.

Wildlife Food Plants Following Preparation of Longleaf Pine Sites in Southwest Georgia

1979 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
James L. Buckner ◽  
J. Larry Landers ◽  
James A. Barker ◽  
Carroll J. Perkins
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Prescribed Burning ◽  
Longleaf Pine ◽  
Pinus Palustris ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
First Year ◽  
The Third

Abstract Frequency of herbaceous wildlife food plants was evaluated on clearcut longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) sites in southwestern Georgia for three years following no treatment, single- or double-chopping, prescribed burning, and combinations of chopping and burning. Legumes (Fabaceae) were reduced following chopping, but increased after prescribed burning. Composites (Asteraceae) were favored by chopping and further increased when burning preceded chopping. Frequency of grasses (Poaceae) on chopped sites was low the first year after treatment but comparable to that on untreated sites by the third year. Species composition of grasses was significantly altered by chopping but not by burning. As a group, herbaceous food plants responded best on chopped plots, especially on those previously burned.

scholarly journals Database of bird species composition in natural habitats and forest plantations

Data in Brief ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 104715
Author(s):  
Lucilene Inês Jacoboski ◽  
André Luís Luza ◽  
Raquel Klein Paulsen ◽  
Angelo Marcon Pezda ◽  
Sandra Maria Hartz
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Forest Plantations ◽  
Natural Habitats

scholarly journals Bacterial community response to species overrepresentation or omission is strongly influenced by life in spatially structured habitats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Kleyer ◽  
Robin Tecon ◽  
Dani Or
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Liquid Culture ◽  
Interspecific Interactions ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Bacterial Interactions

AbstractVariations in type and strength of interspecific interactions in natural bacterial communities (e.g., synergistic to inhibitory) affect species composition and community functioning. The extent of interspecific interactions is often modulated by environmental factors that constrain diffusion pathways and cell mobility and limit community spatial arrangement. We studied how spatially structured habitats affect interspecific interactions and influence the resulting bacterial community composition. We used a bacterial community made of 11 well-characterized species that grew in porous habitats (comprised of glass beads) under controlled hydration conditions or in liquid habitats. We manipulated the initial community composition by overrepresenting or removing selected members, and observed community composition over time. Life in porous media reduced the number and strength of interspecific interactions compared to mixed liquid culture, likely due to spatial niche partitioning in porous habitats. The community converged to similar species composition irrespective of the initial species mix, however, the dominant bacterial species was markedly different between liquid culture and structured porous habitats. Moreover, differences in water saturation levels of the porous medium affected community assembly highlighting the need to account for habitat structure and physical conditions to better understand and interpret assembly of bacterial communities. We point at the modulation of bacterial interactions due to spatial structuring as a potential mechanism for promoting community stability and species coexistence, as observed in various natural environments such as soil or human gut.ImportanceBacteria live as complex multispecies communities essential for healthy and functioning ecosystems ranging from soil to the human gut. The bacterial species that form these communities can have positive or negative impact on each other, promoting or inhibiting each other’s growth. Yet, the factors controlling the balance of such interactions in nature, and how these influence the community, are not fully understood. Here, we show that bacterial interactions are modified by life in spatially structured bacterial habitats. These conditions exert important control over the resulting bacterial community regardless of initial species composition. The study demonstrates limitations of inferences from bacterial communities grown in liquid culture relative to behaviour in structured natural habitats such as soil.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document