Gut morphology and rate of passage of fungal spores through the gut of a tropical rodent, the giant white-tailed rat (Uromys caudimaculatus)

1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven S. Comport ◽  
Ian D. Hume
Keyword(s):  
Large Particle ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Plant Cell Walls ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Gut Morphology ◽  
Starchy Food ◽  
Selective Retention ◽  
Digesta Passage ◽  
Similar Body

Gut morphology and rate of digesta passage through the gut in captive giant white-tailed rats (Uromys caudimaculatus) were investigated. Rate of passage was measured using a solute marker (Co-EDTA), a marker of large particles (Cr-mordanted plant cell walls) and spores of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Pisolithus spp. The mean retention time (MRT) of fungal spores in the whole gut (48.4 ± 6.0 h), was long in comparison to that found in other rodents of similar body mass and was intermediate to MRT of the solute marker (45.4 ± 8.8 h) and the large particle marker (55.5 ± 7.2 h). Thus, retention of spores is likely to be little affected by being free or attached to pieces of ingested fruiting bodies. The stomach is unilocular and hemiglandular and contains a large fundic diverticulum lined entirely by non-glandular squamous epithelium. The significantly longer MRT for the large particle marker than the solute marker suggests that some selective retention of particles takes place, probably in the fundic diverticulum of the stomach. We suggest that the large fundic diverticulum may function in storage and possibly increased digestive efficiency of starchy food items, and in retaining spores, especially when still attached to fruiting bodies.

scholarly journals Parapiptadenia rigida MYCORRHIZATION WITH SPORES OF Scleroderma citrinum

CERNE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-248
Author(s):  
Gerusa Pauli Kist Steffen ◽  
Ricardo Bemfica Steffen ◽  
Rosana Matos de Morais ◽  
Cleber Witt Saldanha ◽  
Joseila Maldaner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Pinus Echinata ◽  
Scleroderma Citrinum ◽  
Mycorrhizal Inoculation ◽  
Forest Nurseries

ABSTRACT Ectomycorrhizal fungal inoculation in forestry seedlings aids plant establishment and growth in the field. The objectives of this study were: to determine the mycorrhizal capacity of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Scleroderma citrinum in Parapiptadenia rigida (red angico) seedlings and to evaluate the viability of a mycorrhizal inoculation technique for forest seedlings involving the use of spores. Mature spores were inoculated in the substrate (75% soil and 25% carbonized rice husk), totaling 1.5 grams of fungal spores per liter of substrate. P. rigida seeds were sown in substrates inoculated or not inoculated with fungal spores in presence or absence of Pinus echinata and Eucalyptus citriodora essential oil: not inoculated (T1), inoculated (T2), inoculated more pine essential oil (T3), inoculated more eucalyptus essential oil (T4). Seedlings of Pinus elliottii were used for a positive control of mycorrhizal inoculation (T5) and not inoculated (T6) with fungal spores. At 90 days after sowing, the base stem diameter, height, fresh and dry weight of shoots and roots, percentage of root colonization and Dickson Index were determined. The presence of fungal structures in P. rigida and P. elliottii roots inoculated with S. citrinum spores was observed, demonstrating the occurrence of an ectomycorrhizal association. The application of pine and eucalyptus essential oils in the substrate increased the percentage of ectomycorrhizal colonization in P. rigida seedlings. The addition of S. citrinum mature spores in the substrate used for seedling production is a viable practice for ectomycorrhizal inoculation and it can be used in forest nurseries in controlled mycorrhization programs.

Fungal spores and fruiting bodies in cervicovaginal smears: Contaminant or infection?

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hema Kini ◽  
Jyoti R. Kini ◽  
Ethel Suman ◽  
Sharada Rai
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Fruiting Bodies

Fungal spores and fruiting bodies from Miocene deposits of the Pelotas Basin, Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 255-270
Author(s):  
Eduardo Premaor ◽  
Ramesh K. Saxena ◽  
Paulo Alves de Souza ◽  
Wolfgang Kalkreuth
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Pelotas Basin

Ingestive and Digestive Responses to Dietary Fiber and Nitrogen by 2 Macropodid Marsupials (Macropus-Robustus-Erubescens and M-R-Robustus) and a Ruminant (Capra-Hircus)

1992 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 181 ◽  
Author(s):  
DO Freudenberger ◽  
ID Hume
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fibre Plant ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Capra Hircus ◽  
Plant Cell Walls ◽  
Dietary Nitrogen ◽  
Similar Body

It has been hypothesised that large macropodids can maintain greater intakes of increasingly fibrous diets than ruminants of similar body size because of the tubular nature of the macropodid forestomach compared with the sac-like rumen. Responses to changes in levels of dietary fibre (plant cell walls) and nitrogen were examined in captive euros (Macropus robustus erubescens), wallaroos (M. r. robustus) and goats (Capra hircus). When all animals were fed pelleted isonitrogenous diets of 40, 60 and 80% barley straw, the macropodids compensated for decreasing dry matter (DM) digestibility by increasing DM intakes of the 60% and 80% straw diets. In contrast, the goats were unable to fully compensate for falling DM digestibility. Consequently, in the goat, digestible DM intakes tended (P<0.12) to decline from 43 g DM per kg0.75 per day on the 40% straw diet to 35 g DM per kg0.75 per day on the 80% straw diet. In comparison, digestible DM intakes only declined from 28 to 25 g DM per kg0.75 per day in the macropodids. When euros and goats were offered pelleted or chopped 80% straw diets, with and without dietary nitrogen (N) supplementation, pelleting improved DM intakes in both species. N supplementation had no effect on intakes of the chopped diets, but improved intakes of the pelleted diets. When euros, wallaroos and goats were fed chopped 50 and 80% straw diets, with and without N supplementation, DM and digestible DM intakes fell equally among the species on the 80% straw diet compared with the 50% straw diets. N supplementation had no effect on intakes of the 80% straw diet, but improved digestible DM intakes on the 50% straw diet. It was-concluded that the macropodids can maintain relatively greater intakes of increasingly fibrous diets if the constraint of mastication is removed by grinding and/or pelleting the feed on offer. Intakes were equally depressed among the species by increasingly fibrous chopped diets. On the 50% chopped-straw diet, maintenance dietary N requirements were 273, 364 and 413 mg N per kg0.75 per day, and truly digestible N requirements were 160, 251, 250 mg N per kg0.75 per day, in the euro, wallaroo and goat, respectively. These N requirements support the conclusion that the euro has a particularly low requirement for N, and that macropodid N requirements are often lower than those of eutherian grazers.

scholarly journals Charcoalified Wood of Hopenium pondicherriensis (Dipterocarpaceae) from Neyveli Lignite Formation

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 36-40
Author(s):  
M. Elayaraja ◽  
D. Kumarasamy
Keyword(s):  
Brown Coal ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Coal Field ◽  
First Report ◽  
Woody Tissues

The Neyveli lignite is one of the largest brown coal field of India, Cuddalore district of Tamil Nadu. The lignite it is one of tertiary formation found in the Neyveli, So far many mega and micro fossils reported from this formation. The Neyveli lignite well preserved and recognizable entities are mainly woody and non-woody tissues of different angiosperm plants, spore and pollen, cuticles of leaves, resins, fungal spores and fungal fruiting bodies. The present study is about the charcoalified angiospermic wood is identified as Hopenium pondicherriensis (Dipterocarpaceae). This is a first report of Hopenium pondicherriensis from the Neyveli formation.

scholarly journals Ectomycorrhizal Fungi on South Kalimantan Serpentine Soil

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudy Hermawan ◽  
Witiyasti Imaningsih ◽  
Badruzsaufari Badruzsaufari
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Serpentine Soil ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Genus Identification ◽  
Manganese Chromium ◽  
Cobalt And Nickel

Serpentine soil contains highly heavy metals, such as manganese, chromium, cobalt, and nickel,which could bean inappropriate growthmediaofmostplants. Someplants thatfound able to grow optimally on South Kalimantan serpentine soil have been known to do association with ectomycorrhizal fungi. This research aimed to obtain and characterize mushrooms assumed as ectomycorrhizal fungi indigenous South Kalimantan serpentine soil. This study used field exploration of fungal fruiting bodies and identified the genus based on morphological characters of fruiting bodies such as shape, size, and ornamentation, which are unique for the genus identification, then compared the characteristics on mushroomexpert.com. The mushrooms were also confirmed of genera assumed as ectomycorrhizal fungi based on mycorrhizas.info. Seven fruiting bodies were obtained and classified as Cantharellus (Ct), Chlorophyllum (Ch1 and Ch2), Lycoperdon (Ly), Ramaria (Rm1 and Rm2), and Thelephora (Tp). The results showed that all of those fruiting bodies belong to Basidiomycetes. There were 4 genera of Cantharellus, Lycoperdon, Ramaria, and Thelephora, assumed as ectomycorrhizal fungi. But Chlorophyllum genus was never reported as ectomycorrhizal fungus

scholarly journals Bacterial community associated with the dry-rot fungus Serpula lacrymans is dominated by Firmicutes and Proteobacteria

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Embacher ◽  
Sigrid Neuhauser ◽  
Susanne Zeilinger ◽  
Martin Kirchmair
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Fish Analysis ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Financial Loss ◽  
Dry Rot ◽  
Bacterial Phyla ◽  
Interaction Partners ◽  
Serpula Lacrymans

AbstractThe dry-rot fungus Serpula lacrymans causes enormous structural damage by decaying construction timber thereby resulting in tremendous financial loss. Dry-rot fungi decompose cellulose and hemicellulose and, if the wood remains wet, are often accompanied by a succession of bacteria and other fungi. Bacterial-fungal interactions have considerable impact on all interaction partners ranging from antagonistic to beneficial relationships. However, little is known about possible interaction partners of S. lacrymans. Here we show that S. lacrymans has many co-existing, mainly Gram-positive bacteria. By investigating differences in the bacterial community associated with fruiting bodies, mycelia and rhizomorphs, we provide evidence of preferential colonization of S. lacrymans tissues by certain bacterial phyla. Bacteria isolated from fruiting bodies and mycelia were dominated by Firmicutes, while bacteria isolated from rhizomorphs were dominated by Proteobacteria. Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes were found in lower abundances. In situ fluorescence hybridization (FISH) analysis revealed that bacteria were not present biofilm-like, but occurred as independent cells, sometimes also attached to fungal spores. In co-culture, single bacterial isolates caused growth inhibition of S. lacrymans and vice versa. Additionally, certain bacteria induced pigment production in the fungus. Our results provide first insights for a better understanding of the holobiont S. lacrymans and give hints that bacteria are able to influence the behavior, e.g. growth and secondary metabolite production, of S. lacrymans in culture.ImportanceSerpula lacrymans is a very effective dry-rot causing fungus, specialized in degradation of coniferous timber in houses. The initial colonization is favored by water damage, and after establishment, the fungus starts to destruct cellulose and hemicellulose. It is among the most feared wood-rotting fungi in the built environment as the remediation of S. lacrymans damaged buildings is expensive and tedious. After improper renovation, the possibility of a recolonization by S. lacrymans is likely. As bacteria influence fungal establishment on wood, the need to investigate the bacterial community associated with S. lacrymans is apparent. The significance of our research is in identifying and characterizing bacteria associated with S. lacrymans. This will allow the assessment of their influence on fungal life style, leading to a broader understanding of the properties that make S. lacrymans so extraordinarily aggressive at decaying wood compared to other indoor wood destroyers.

scholarly journals The ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete Laccaria bicolor releases a GH28 polygalacturonase that plays a key role in symbiosis establishment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Zhang ◽  
Aurore Labourel ◽  
Mireille Haon ◽  
Minna Kemppainen ◽  
Emilie Da Silva Machado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Root Penetration ◽  
Laccaria Bicolor ◽  
Plant Cell Walls ◽  
Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Roots ◽  
Lower Ability

In ectomycorrhiza, root penetration and colonization of the intercellular space by symbiotic hyphae is thought to rely on the mechanical force that results from hyphal tip growth, enhanced by the activity of secreted cell-wall-degrading enzymes. Here, we characterize the biochemical properties of the symbiosis-induced polygalacturonase LbGH28A from the ectomycorrhizal fungus Laccaria bicolor. The transcriptional regulation of LbGH28A was measured by qPCR. The biological relevance of LbGH28A was confirmed by generating RNAi-silenced LbGH28A mutants. We localized the LbGH28A protein by immunofluorescence confocal and immunogold cytochemical microscopy in poplar ectomycorrhizal roots. qPCR confirmed the induced expression of LbGH28A during ectomycorrhiza formation. L. bicolor RNAi mutants have a lower ability to establish ectomycorrhiza confirming the key role of this enzyme in symbiosis. The purified recombinant LbGH28A has its highest activity towards pectin and polygalacturonic acid. In situ localization of LbGH28A indicates that this endopolygalacturonase is located in both fungal and plant cell walls at the symbiotic hyphal front. The present findings suggest that the symbiosis-induced pectinase LbGH28A is involved in the Hartig net formation and is an important determinant for successful symbiotic colonization.

scholarly journals Morpho-anatomical characterization of Tuber macrosporum/Corylus avellana mycorrhizas from cultivated seedlings: Case report

2017 ◽  
pp. 241-249
Author(s):  
Jelena Stanojkovic ◽  
Jasmina Glamoclija ◽  
Dusica Janosevic
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Corylus Avellana ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Corylus Avellana L ◽  
Tuber Macrosporum ◽  
Anatomical Characterization

This study investigated the presence of mycorrhizae on seedlings from part of ten-year-old truffles plantation (about 3,000 m2) located in Eastern Serbia. This study is observation of the presence of ectomycorrhizal fungus from genus Tuber during its symbiotic stage on the roots of Corylus avellana L. Ten root samples were collected (randomly) and observed macroscopically and microscopically analyzed. There were changes in morphology and anatomy of the infected roots of C. avellana. Mantle was clearly observed to cover the roots and the mycelia formed the Harting net. Among arbitrary selected seedlings, there were found mature fruiting bodies on the surface of the soil. The truffles, identified as Tuber macrosporum Vittad, were found in the immediate vicinity of the hazelnut trees. There has been no previous information of mycorrhizae Tuber macrosporum/Corylus avellana on artificially created truffles plantation in Serbia.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document