The Distribution of the European or German Wasp, Vespula-Germanica (F) (Hymenoptera, Vespidae), in Australia - Past, Present and Future

1992 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 495 ◽  
Author(s):  
JP Spradbery ◽  
GF Maywald
Keyword(s):  
Social Wasp ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Climate Matching ◽  
Northern India ◽  
Vespula Germanica ◽  
South Wales ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Control ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South

The social wasp Vespula germanica (F.) occurs throughout Europe south of latitude 62-degrees-N. Its native distribution extends into northern Africa, the Middle East, northern India, China and Korea. It has been accidentally introduced into several regions, including North and South America, and South Africa. It has also been introduced to Australasia, where it became established in Tasmania in 1959 and at several Australian mainland localities during 1977-78. It is now widespread throughout Victoria, in much of southern and coastal New South Wales, and in some suburbs of Adelaide and Per-th. One nest has been recorded in Maryborough, Queensland. The observed global distribution is used here to determine the potential distribution and relative abundance of V. germanica in Australia using the climate-matching computer program CLIMEX. The results indicate that this pestiferous wasp could potentially colonise most of the eastern seaboard of Australia north to Rockhampton, Queensland. V. germanica is likely to adversely affect human activities, with accompanying environmental damage as it inevitably spreads and consolidates, and prospects for containment and control appear minimal.

The social wasp Vespula germanica (Fabricius) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) population dynamics in England over 39 years.

2018 ◽  
Vol 154 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-155
Author(s):  
Michael Archer
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Population Dynamic ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Social Wasp ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Vespula Germanica ◽  
The Social ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Suction Traps

1. Yearly records of worker Vespula germanica (Fabricius) taken in suction traps at Silwood Park (28 years) and at Rothamsted Research (39 years) are examined. 2. Using the autocorrelation function (ACF), a significant negative 1-year lag followed by a lesser non-significant positive 2-year lag was found in all, or parts of, each data set, indicating an underlying population dynamic of a 2-year cycle with a damped waveform. 3. The minimum number of years before the 2-year cycle with damped waveform was shown varied between 17 and 26, or was not found in some data sets. 4. Ecological factors delaying or preventing the occurrence of the 2-year cycle are considered.

A new Australian record of a Parajapidae (Diplura): a potential pest of wheat

Soil Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (7) ◽  
pp. 657
Author(s):  
Penelope Greenslade ◽  
Yun-Xia Luan
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
New South ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Potential Pest ◽  
North And South America ◽  
First Time ◽  
North And South

Parajapyx isabellae (Grassi, 1886) is recorded for the first time from Australia. It is a cosmopolitan soil species found in Europe, North and South America and Asia. Womersley last studied Australian Parajapygidae 80 years ago, listing a single endemic species for the genus Parajapyx Silvestri, 1903, sensu stricta. In 2017, an unidentified Parajapyx was found in deep soil under wheat in winter, spring and summer at Harden, New South Wales, in a long-term tillage trial. It was most abundant in the minimum tillage/stubble retained plots in soil below 5 cm but rarely observed in the conventionally tilled/stubble burned plots. The same field experiment was sampled five times using the same methods over 3 years from 1993–95 but no specimens of Diplura were collected. The specimens were identified as P. isabellae using morphology and confirmed with the DNA barcoding sequence data. Most species of Parajapygidae are carnivores feeding on small arthropods but there are records from North America, Europe and Hawaii of P. isabellae feeding on roots of wheat and other agricultural crops. We provide here illustrations of species P. isabellae so that crop scientists in Australia are aware of the potential pest and can identify it. Sequence data indicate that the population may have originated from two sources.

scholarly journals Drone aggregation behavior in the social wasp Vespula germanica (Hymenoptera: Vespidae): Effect of kinship and density

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maité Masciocchi ◽  
Bárbara Angeletti ◽  
Juan C. Corley ◽  
Andrés S. Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Social Wasp ◽  
Aggregation Behavior ◽  
Vespula Germanica ◽  
The Social

Metschnikowia continentalisvar.borealis,Metschnikowia continentalisvar.continentalis, andMetschnikowia hibisci, new heterothallic haploid yeasts from ephemeral flowers and associated insects

1998 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc-André Lachance ◽  
Carlos A Rosa ◽  
William T Starmer ◽  
Birgit Schlag-Edler ◽  
J Stuart F. Baker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Large Deletion ◽  
Close Relative ◽  
North American Population ◽  
Central Brazil ◽  
South Wales ◽  
The Family ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South

Several strains of three new taxa of haploid heterothallic yeasts have been isolated from various ephemeral flowers and associated insects in North and South America and Australia. Metschnikowia continentalis comprises two varieties and is a close relative of Metschnikowia hawaiiensis. Like the latter, it produces giant ascospores and lives in association with the insects that colonize flowers of the family Convolvulaceae. These species exhibit an unusual asymmetrical mating, but their rare asci are sterile. The varieties of M. continentalis undergo unlimited mating, but ascospores are rarely formed. Metschnikowia continentalis var. continentalis was isolated in central Brazil and is thought to occur across South America.Metschnikowia continentalis var. borealis was recovered in the Great Lakes area and may represent a North American population. Metschnikowia hibisci was found in the flowers and insects of various Hibiscus species in the Australian states of New South Wales and Queensland but appeared to be absent in members of the Convolvulaceae growing in the same areas. The latter forms intermediate-sized ascospores and one of its mating types forms conjugation tubes in the presence of cells of other Metschnikowia species. The three taxa share with M. hawaiiensis a large deletion in the D2 region of their large ribosomal DNA subunit, but in M. hibisci, the variable domain of the D2 region shares little, if any, sequence similarity with others. The type cultures are as follows:M. continentalis var. continentalis strains UFMG96-173 (h+, CBS8429) and UFMG96-179 (h-, CBS8430); M. continentalis var. borealis strains UWO(PS)96-104.2 (h+, CBS 8431) and UWO(PS)96-101.1 (h-, CBS8432); and M. hibisci strains UWO(PS)95-797.2 (h+, CBS8433) and UWO(PS)95-805.1 (h-, CBS8434).Key words: Metschnikowia, yeast, Convolvulaceae, Hibiscus, geographic speciation.

Pastoralists

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Carl Salzman
Keyword(s):  
North Africa ◽  
Northern Eurasia ◽  
Kin Relations ◽  
The Andes ◽  
Natural Pasture ◽  
Northwest India ◽  
And Control ◽  
Livestock Gains ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South

Pastoralists depend for their livelihood on raising livestock on natural pasture. Livestock may be selected for meat, milk, wool, traction, carriage, or riding, or a combination. Pastoralists rarely rely solely on their livestock; they may also engage in hunting, fishing, cultivation, commerce, predatory raiding, and extortion. Some pastoral peoples are nomadic and others are sedentary, while yet others are partially mobile. Economically, some pastoralists are subsistence oriented, others are market oriented, and others combining the two. Politically, some pastoralists are independent or quasi-independent tribes, others, largely under the control of states, are peasants, while yet others are citizens engaged in commercial production in a modern state. All pastoralists have to address a common set of issues: gaining and taking possession of livestock, including good breeding stock. Ownership of livestock may consist of individual, group, or distributed rights, managing the livestock through husbandry and herding. Husbandry is selecting animals for breeding and maintenance. Herding is ensuring that the livestock gains access to adequate pasture and water. Pasture access can be gained through territorial ownership and control, purchase, rent, and patronage. Security must be provided for the livestock through active human oversight or restriction by means of fences or other barriers. Manpower is provided by kin relations, exchange of labor, barter, monetary payment, or some combination of these. Prominent pastoral peoples are sheep, goat, and camel herders in the arid band running from North Africa through the Middle East and northwest India, the cattle and small stock herders of Africa south of the Sahara, reindeer herders of the sub-Arctic northern Eurasia, the camelid herders of the Andes, and the ranchers of North and South America.

scholarly journals Nest-departure behaviour of gynes and drones in the invasive yellowjacket Vespula germanica (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Andrés S. Martínez ◽  
Natalia Rousselot ◽  
Juan C. Corley ◽  
Maité Masciocchi
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Social Wasp ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Vespula Germanica ◽  
Temporal Segregation ◽  
Complementary Sex Determination ◽  
The Social ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Determination System ◽  
Sex Determination System

Abstract Inbreeding costs can be high in haplodiploid hymenopterans due to their particular mechanism of sex determination (i.e., single-locus complementary sex-determination system, sl-CSD), as it can lead to the production of sterile males. Therefore, mechanisms contributing to reduced inbred matings can be beneficial. In this sense, asynchronous nest departure of sibling drones and gynes could reduce kin encounters in social hymenopterans. Using six observation colonies, we determined under field conditions the nest departure behaviour of sibling reproductives of the social wasp Vespula germanica (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). We determined that sexuals leave the nests definitively and detected asynchronous departure not fixed to a particular caste at a seasonal scale in some colonies, as gynes or drones delayed their departure as a function of the departure of the opposite sex, depending on the colony. At a higher temporal resolution (i.e., within a day), we discovered that drones consistently began to leave nests 1 h before gynes and this difference was driven by those individuals that left on the same day as did the opposite-sex kin. Even though other mechanisms such as polyandry and differential dispersal could also be important at reducing inbred matings in the species, the observed departure patterns (i.e., in some colonies actually leave together with the opposite caste, while in others temporal segregation seems to occur) from nests could be complementary to the former and be important at reducing the negative effects of inbreeding in this invasive species.

scholarly journals (In)Fertile Ground? Social Forum Activism in its Regional and Local Dimension

2010 ◽  
pp. 6-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Smith ◽  
Elizabeth Smythe
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Politics ◽  
World Social Forum ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Fertile Ground ◽  
Comparative Case Studies ◽  
Spatial Terms ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South

Since its inception in 2001 World Social Forum (WSF) has grown in numbers and drawn activists from all areas of the globe. It has also spawned a myriad of social forums around the world. But the pattern of participation within the WSF global event or within other forums has not been evenly spread in geographic or spatial terms. This chapter examines how and why social forum activism emerged in some places and not others. We map the social forum from the first WSF in 2001 through its proliferation and fragmentation over time as it has taken root at various levels—continental, national, regional and local. Then we provide comparative case studies of sub-global forums drawn from North and South America, Europe and Africa. We also compare different manifestations of social “forumism” along a number of dimensions. Drawing on comparative politics and its emphasis on the specifics of place and the role of context we discuss these patterns and the factors that might account for why these forms of resistance find barren or fertile ground around the world.

Tocqueville on Catholicism and Democracy : Views from Latin America

2004 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-162
Author(s):  
Claudio López-Guerra
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fundamental Question ◽  
Political Freedom ◽  
Social State ◽  
The Social ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South

Tocqueville proposed that mores or what he called “habits of the heart” were the main reason why a democratic republic—characterized by the mixture of political freedom and equality—had subsisted in the United States.1 After comparing North and South America, Tocqueville went further to argue that the lack of appropriate customs accounted for the fragility of the nascent Latin American republics. This raises a fundamental question: what are the origins of republican mores? Tocqueville concluded that in the United States the social state was the most important factor.

Field preferences of the Social Wasp Vespula germanica (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) for Protein-rich Baits

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 730-739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Julia Pereira ◽  
Maité Masciocchi ◽  
Octavio Bruzzone ◽  
Juan C. Corley
Keyword(s):  
Social Wasp ◽  
Vespula Germanica ◽  
The Social ◽  
Protein Rich
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