Furan fatty acid as an anti-inflammatory component from the green-lipped mussel Perna canaliculus

AbstractThis study tested the hypothesis that naturally and industrially produced trans-fatty acids can exert distinct effects on metabolic parameters and on gut microbiota of rats. Wistar rats were randomized into three groups according to the diet: CONT-control, with 5% soybean oil and normal amount of fat; HVF-20% of hydrogenated vegetable fat (industrial); and RUM-20% of ruminant fat (natural). After 53 days of treatment, serum biochemical markers, fatty acid composition of liver, heart and adipose tissue, histology and hepatic oxidative parameters, as well as gut microbiota composition were evaluated. HVF diet intake reduced triglycerides (≈ 39.39%) and VLDL levels (≈ 39.49%). Trans-fatty acids levels in all tissue were higher in HVF group. However, RUM diet intake elevated amounts of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 (≈ 14.7%) compared to CONT, but not to HVF. Furthermore, RUM intake led to higher concentrations of stearic acid and conjugated linoleic acid in all tissue; this particular diet was associated with a hepatoprotective effect. The microbial gut communities were significantly different among the groups. Our results show that ruminant fat reversed the hepatic steatosis normally caused by high fat diets, which may be related to the remodelling of the gut microbiota and its anti-inflammatory potential.

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Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Extract Mixture of Annona senegalensis Pers. and Piliostigma thonningii (Schum.)

Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics ◽

10.22270/jddt.v10i6-s.4605 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (6-s) ◽

pp. 103-108

Author(s):

Komlatsè Togbenou ◽

Kokou Idoh ◽

Kossivi Dosseh ◽

Tchazou Kpatcha ◽

Amégnona Agbonon

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

No Production ◽

Leukocyte Infiltration ◽

Inflammation Markers ◽

Asthma Model ◽

Piliostigma Thonningii ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Inflammatory Component ◽

Inflammatory Effect

Introduction: Annona senegalensis Pers (Annonaceae) and Piliostigma thonningii (Schum.) (Leguminoseae) are two medicinal plants used, often in combination, in traditional Togolese medicine for the treatment of diseases with an inflammatory component. Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of the hydro-ethanolic extract (EHEM) of the combination of A. senegalensis and P. thonningii (1: 1, m: m). Methods: The ovalbumin-induced allergic airway asthma model was used. Animals made asthmatic were treated with EHEM at doses of 250 and 500 mg / kg. Inflammation markers including histamine, nitric oxide (NO), vascular leakage, leukocyte infiltration in the airways, and malondialdehyde (MDA), were measured. Results: Compared to the SNT group, EHEM inhibits the infiltration of the airways by leukocytes (850,00 × 103 ± 50 cells / mL vs 1830 × 103 ± 53,85 cells / mL for ST500 mg / kg, P <0,05). It inhibited vascular permeability to Evans Blue (10,40 ± 0,270 μg / mL vs ST500, p<0,05). It inhibited histamine release (13,95 ± 0,937 μg / mL vs 32,78 ± 1,044 μg / mL, p<0,05) and NO production (0,211 ± 0,008 Μm vs 0,315 ± 0,022 μM, p<0,05). It finally inhibited MDA production (14,66 ± 0,533 nM / mL vs 9,014 ± 0,366 nM / mL and 7,149 ± 0,300 nM / mL, p<0,05) in lung tissue. Conclusion: Our results suggest that EHEM inhibits OVA-induced inflammation. These results justify the use of this combination of plants in traditional Togolese medicine. Keywords: Inflammation, malondialdehyde, Annona senegalensis, Piliostigma thonningii.

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Free fatty acid receptor 4 is a nutrient sensor that resolves inflammation to maintain cardiac homeostasis

10.1101/776294 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Katherine A. Murphy ◽

Brian A. Harsch ◽

Chastity L. Healy ◽

Sonal S. Joshi ◽

Shue Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Free Fatty Acid ◽

Cardiac Myocytes ◽

Transcriptome Analysis ◽

Pressure Overload ◽

Plasma Lipoproteins ◽

Acid Receptor ◽

Free Fatty Acid Receptor ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Fatty Acid Receptor

AbstractBackgroundNon-resolving activation of immune responses is central to the pathogenesis of heart failure (HF). Free fatty acid receptor 4 (Ffar4) is a G-protein coupled receptor (GPR) for medium-and long-chain fatty acids (FA) that regulates metabolism and attenuates inflammation in diabetes and obesity. Here, we tested the hypothesis that Ffar4 functions as a cardioprotective nutrient sensor that resolves inflammation to maintain cardiac homeostasis.MethodsMice with systemic deletion of Ffar4 (Ffar4KO) were subjected to pressure overload by transverse aortic constriction (TAC). Transcriptome analysis of cardiac myocytes was performed three days post-TAC. Additionally, Ffar4-mediated effects on inflammatory oxylipin production in cardiac myocytes and oxylipin composition in plasma lipoproteins were evaluated.ResultsIn Ffar4KO mice, TAC induced more severe remodeling, identifying an entirely novel cardioprotective role for Ffar4 in the heart. Transcriptome analysis 3-days post-TAC indicated a failure to induce cell death and inflammatory genes in Ffar4KO cardiac myocytes, as well as a specific failure to induce cytoplasmic phospholipase A2α (cPLA2α) signaling genes. In cardiac myocytes, Ffar4 signaling through cPLA2α-cytochrome p450 ω/ω-1 hydroxylase induced production of the EPA-derived anti-inflammatory oxylipin 18-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid (18-HEPE). Systemically, loss of Ffar4 altered oxylipin content in circulating plasma lipoproteins consistent with a loss of anti-inflammatory oxylipins at baseline, and inability to produce both pro-inflammatory and pro-resolving oxylipins following TAC. Finally, we confirmed that Ffar4 is expressed in human heart and down-regulated in HF.ConclusionsOur results identify a novel function for Ffar4 in the heart as a FA nutrient sensor that resolves inflammation to maintain cardiac homeostasis.

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The effect of the expulsion phase ofTrichinella spiralisonHymenolepis diminutainfection in rats

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182000051180 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 78 (3) ◽

pp. 323-330 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

P. R. Christie ◽

D. Wakelin ◽

M. M. Wilson

Keyword(s):

Trichinella Spiralis ◽

Cortisone Acetate ◽

Hymenolepis Diminuta ◽

Concurrent Infection ◽

Growth And Survival ◽

Inflammatory Drug ◽

Low Level ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Inflammatory Component ◽

Effect On Growth

SUMMARYThe effect of the intestinal changes brought about by the expulsion ofTrichinella spiralisin rats was studied in relation to the growth and survival of a concurrent infection withHymenolepis diminuta, a cestode not normally rejected by the rat in low-level infections. Growth ofH.diminutawas stunted in rats givenT.spiralisjust before, or after, infection withH.diminuta, the stunting being more pronounced when the cestode was given closer to the period of inflammation. There was no loss of the cestode from dual-infected rats and no evidence for destrobilation was found. LowerT.spiralisburdens had a correspondingly weaker effect on growth ofH.diminuta, and stunting was abolished by administration of the anti-inflammatory drug cortisone acetate. It is concluded that the stunting ofH.diminutais probably due to the non-specific inflammatory component of the rat's response toT.spiralisinfection.

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