scholarly journals Revealing the burden of obesity using weight histories

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 572-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Stokes ◽  
Samuel H. Preston
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Predictive Power ◽  
Additional Data ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Maximum Weight ◽  
Weight Category ◽  
Health And Nutrition

Analyses of the relation between obesity and mortality typically evaluate risk with respect to weight recorded at a single point in time. As a consequence, there is generally no distinction made between nonobese individuals who were never obese and nonobese individuals who were formerly obese and lost weight. We introduce additional data on an individual’s maximum attained weight and investigate four models that represent different combinations of weight at survey and maximum weight. We use data from the 1988–2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, linked to death records through 2011, to estimate parameters of these models. We find that the most successful models use data on maximum weight, and the worst-performing model uses only data on weight at survey. We show that the disparity in predictive power between these models is related to exceptionally high mortality among those who have lost weight, with the normal-weight category being particularly susceptible to distortions arising from weight loss. These distortions make overweight and obesity appear less harmful by obscuring the benefits of remaining never obese. Because most previous studies are based on body mass index at survey, it is likely that the effects of excess weight on US mortality have been consistently underestimated.

scholarly journals Association between body mass index and fragility fracture in postmenopausal women: a cross-sectional study using Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008–2009 (KNHANES IV)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jihan Kim ◽  
Sami Lee ◽  
Sung Soo Kim ◽  
Jong-Pyo Lee ◽  
Jong Sung Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Vertebral Fracture ◽  
Fragility Fracture ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Fragility Fractures ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Obese Group ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Korean Women ◽  
Health And Nutrition

Abstract Background The present study examined the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and the risk for fragility fractures in postmenopausal Korean women. Methods Among subjects who participated in the 4th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2008–2009), 2114 women ≥ 40 years of age were included. BMI was based on standards set by the Korean Society for the Study of Obesity, as follows: < 18.5 kg/m2, underweight; 18.5 ≤ to < 25 kg/m2, normal weight; and ≥ 25 kg/m2, obese. Subjects were also divided into three groups according to the location of fragility fracture: spine, hip, or wrist. Results The mean (± SD) rate of fragility fracture was significantly different among the three groups: 5.9 ± 2.9% (underweight), 1.1 ± 0.3% (normal weight), and 3.0 ± 0.7% (obese) (p = 0.001). After correcting for age, family history, and treatment history of osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis, smoking and drinking status, and level of exercise, multivariable regression analysis revealed that the odds ratio for fragility fracture in the underweight group was 5.48 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.80–16.73] and 3.33 (95% CI 1.61–6.87) in the obese group. After subdividing fragility fractures into vertebral and non-vertebral, the odds ratio for vertebral fracture in the underweight group was 5.49 (95% CI 1.31–23.09) times higher than that in the normal weight group; in the obese group, the non-vertebral fracture odds ratio was 3.87 (95% CI 1.45–10.33) times higher. Analysis of non-vertebral fractures in the obese group revealed an odds ratio for fracture 22.05 (95% CI 1.33–365.31) times higher for hip fracture and 3.85 (95% CI 1.35–10.93) times higher for wrist fracture. Conclusions Obesity and underweight increased the risk for fragility fractures in postmenopausal Korean women.

Fitness and Fatness: Body Mass Index versus Percent Body Fat

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 131-137
Author(s):  
Jennifer Bunn ◽  
Danielle Eustace ◽  
Taylor Miskech ◽  
John Manor ◽  
Michael Jiroutek
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
The United States ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Cardiovascular Fitness ◽  
Percent Body Fat ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Weight Category ◽  
Health And Nutrition

ABSTRACT Background: Body mass index (BMI) is frequently used to evaluate risk of disease, but can be misleading because it does not account for different types of tissue mass (e.g., bone, muscle, fat). The purpose of this study was to classify adults in the United States according to cardiovascular fitness (CVF), BMI, and body fat using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data. Methods: The three most current NHANES datasets (6,648 records) were included. Counts, means, and 95% confidence intervals (CI) determined the distribution of CVF across percent of body fat and BMI categories. Results: According to BMI, approximately 42.3% of participants were classified as either underweight or normal weight, and 24.9% were classified as obese. According to percent of body fat, 13.5% of subjects were classified as lean, while 68.4% of subjects were in the high percent body fat group. In regard to BMI, 9.9% and 6.7% of the overweight and obese populations, respectively, were classified in the highest third of CVF. According to adiposity, 6.6% and 21.0% of the moderate and high percent body fat population fell into the same category, respectively. Conclusion: Two-thirds of the population ranked below the 35th percentile for body fat (high percent body fat), with more of these individuals in the low CVF category than any other. The largest categorization for BMI was the normal-weight category. This supports that BMI may be misleading, and that utilizing percent body fat and CVF may provide a better indication of health.

scholarly journals Association between body mass index and fragility fracture in postmenopausal women: a cross-sectional study using Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008-2009 (KNHANES IV)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jihan Kim ◽  
Sami Lee ◽  
Sung Soo Kim ◽  
Jong-Pyo Lee ◽  
Jong Sung Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Vertebral Fracture ◽  
Fragility Fracture ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Fragility Fractures ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Obese Group ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Korean Women ◽  
Health And Nutrition

Abstract Background: The present study examined the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and the risk for fragility fractures in postmenopausal Korean women. Method: Among subjects who participated in the 4th National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2008-2009), 2114 women ≥ 40 years of age were included. BMI was based on standards set by the Korean Society for the Study of Obesity, as follows: <18.5 kg/m2, underweight; 18.5 ≤ to <25 kg/m2, normal weight; and ≥25 kg/m2, obese. Subjects were also divided into three groups according to the location of fragility fracture: spine, hip, or wrist. Results: The mean (± SD) rate of fragility fracture was significantly different among the three groups: 5.9±2.9% (underweight), 1.1±0.3% (normal weight), and 3.0±0.7% (obese) (p=0.001). After correcting for age, family history, and treatment history of osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis, smoking and drinking status, and level of exercise, multivariable regression analysis revealed that the odds ratio for fragility fracture in the underweight group was 5.51 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.88–16.13) and 3.19 (95% CI 1.51–6.74) in the obese group. After subdividing fragility fractures into vertebral and non-vertebral, the odds ratio for vertebral fracture in the underweight group was 6.05 (95% CI 1.61–22.68) times higher than that in the normal weight group; in the obese group, the non-vertebral fracture odds ratio was 3.73 (95% CI 1.33–10.44) times higher. Analysis of non-vertebral fractures in the obese group revealed an odds ratio for fracture 8.29 (95% CI 1.04–66.37) times higher for hip fracture and 3.73 (95% CI 1.21–11.43) times higher for wrist fracture. Conclusions: Obesity and underweight increased the risk for fragility fractures in postmenopausal Korean women. As such, it is important for this patient population to maintain bone health through proper weight management, sufficient exercise, and regular examination of bone density.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular Endurance, Body Mass Index, Physical Activity, Screen Time, and Carotenoid Intake of Children: NHANES National Youth Fitness Survey

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan A. Vaccaro ◽  
Fatma G. Huffman
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Heart Function ◽  
The United States ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Heart Rate Reserve ◽  
Weight Category ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Cardiovascular Endurance

Background. Approximately 17% of children aged 6–11 years were classified as obese in the United States. Obesity adversely affects physical functioning and leads to reduced quality of life. Heart function for overweight and obese children has not been reported.Methods. Data for this study were from NHANES National Youth Fitness Survey (NNYFS) conducted in conjunction with the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in 2012. This study used data from children aged 6–12 (N=732) that had the cardiorespiratory endurance measure, body mass index for age and sex, and dietary data (N=682). Cardiovascular endurance was estimated by heart rate reserve.Results. Compared to the highest percentile of heart rate reserve, those in the first percentile had 3.52 (2.36, 5.24) odds and those in the second percentile had 3.61 (1.84, 7.06) odds of being in the overweight/obese as compared to the under/normal weight category. Considering the highest percentile, boys had a heart rate reserve of 35%, whereas girls had a heart rate reserve of 13% (less than half that of boys).Conclusion. Having an overweight or obese classification for children in this study demonstrated a compromise in cardiovascular endurance. Parental awareness should be raised as to the detrimental consequence of overweight and heart health.

scholarly journals Accelerometer thresholds: Accounting for body mass reduces discrepancies between measures of physical activity for individuals with overweight and obesity

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilian Raiber ◽  
Rebecca A.G. Christensen ◽  
Veronica K. Jamnik ◽  
Jennifer L. Kuk
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Vigorous Intensity ◽  
Analytical Approaches ◽  
Overweight Or Obesity

The objective of this study was to explore whether accelerometer thresholds that are adjusted to account for differences in body mass influence discrepancies between self-report and accelerometer-measured physical activity (PA) volume for individuals with overweight and obesity. We analyzed 6164 adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2003–2006. Established accelerometer thresholds were adjusted to account for differences in body mass to produce a similar energy expenditure (EE) rate as individuals with normal weight. Moderate-, vigorous-, and moderate- to vigorous-intensity PA (MVPA) durations were measured using established and adjusted accelerometer thresholds and compared with self-report. Durations of self-report were longer than accelerometer-measured MVPA using established thresholds (normal weight: 57.8 ± 2.4 vs 9.0 ± 0.5 min/day, overweight: 56.1 ± 2.7 vs 7.4 ± 0.5 min/day, and obesity: 46.5 ± 2.2 vs 3.7 ± 0.3 min/day). Durations of subjective and objective PA were negatively associated with body mass index (BMI) (P < 0.05). Using adjusted thresholds increased MVPA durations, and reduced discrepancies between accelerometer and self-report measures for overweight and obese groups by 6.0 ± 0.3 min/day and 17.7 ± 0.8 min/day, respectively (P < 0.05). Using accelerometer thresholds that represent equal EE rates across BMI categories reduced the discrepancies between durations of subjective and objective PA for overweight and obese groups. However, accelerometer-measured PA generally remained shorter than durations of self-report within all BMI categories. Further research may be necessary to improve analytical approaches when using objective measures of PA for individuals with overweight or obesity.

scholarly journals Association between body mass index and fragility fracture in postmenopausal women: a cross-sectional study using Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008-2009 (KNHANES IV)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jihan Kim ◽  
Sami Lee ◽  
Sung Soo Kim ◽  
Jong-Pyo Lee ◽  
Jong Sung Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Vertebral Fracture ◽  
Fragility Fracture ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Fragility Fractures ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Obese Group ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Korean Women ◽  
Health And Nutrition

Abstract Background The present study examined the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and the risk for fragility fractures in postmenopausal Korean women. Method Among subjects who participated in the 4th National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2008-2009), 2114 women ≥ 40 years of age were included. BMI was based on standards set by the Korean Society for the Study of Obesity, as follows: <18.5 kg/m 2 , underweight; 18.5 ≤ to <25 kg/m 2 , normal weight; and ≥25 kg/m 2 , obese. Subjects were also divided into three groups according to the location of fragility fracture: spine, hip, or wrist. Results The mean (± SD) rate of fragility fracture was significantly different among the three groups: 5.9±2.9% (underweight), 1.1±0.3% (normal weight), and 3.0±0.7% (obese) (p=0.001). After correcting for age, family history, and treatment history of osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis, smoking and drinking status, and level of exercise, multivariable regression analysis revealed that the odds ratio for fragility fracture in the underweight group was 5.48 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.80–16.73) and 3.33 (95% CI 1.61–6.87) in the obese group. After subdividing fragility fractures into vertebral and non-vertebral, the odds ratio for vertebral fracture in the underweight group was 5.49 (95% CI 1.31–23.09) times higher than that in the normal weight group; in the obese group, the non-vertebral fracture odds ratio was 3.87 (95% CI 1.45–10.33) times higher. Analysis of non-vertebral fractures in the obese group revealed an odds ratio for fracture 22.05(95% CI 1.33–365.31) times higher for hip fracture and 3.85 (95% CI 1.35–10.93) times higher for wrist fracture. Conclusions Obesity and underweight increased the risk for fragility fractures in postmenopausal Korean women.

scholarly journals Trends and Inequalities in Overall and Abdominal Obesity by Sociodemographic Factors in Korean Adults, 1998–2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 4162
Author(s):  
Ha-Jin Jang ◽  
Hannah Oh
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Korean Adults ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Education College ◽  
Small Change ◽  
Over Time

Few studies have comprehensively examined the nationwide trends in overall and abdominal obesity prevalence and related sociodemographic inequalities in Korea. In the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1998–2018, we estimated the age-standardized prevalence of overall (body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2) and abdominal obesity (waist circumference ≥ 90 cm men, ≥85 cm women) in each sociodemographic subgroup of Korean adults (aged 19–79 years). For each survey year, weighted logistic regression was performed to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations between obesity prevalence and sociodemographic factors. During the study period, the prevalence of overall and abdominal obesity increased in men (24.8% to 42.4%; 20.1% to 32.1%; respectively) but only a small change was observed in women (26.5% to 26.0%; 22.7% to 20.9%; respectively). Obesity prevalence increased in all sociodemographic groups of men but varied across groups in women. In women, income (4th vs. 1st quartiles in 2016–2018: OR (95% CI) = 0.66 (0.56–0.78) overall obesity; 0.60 (0.51–0.71) abdominal obesity) and education (college or higher vs. high school or less: 0.62 (0.54–0.72) overall obesity; 0.58 (0.50–0.68) abdominal obesity) were inversely associated with obesity prevalence, and the gaps became more pronounced since 2007. Our data suggest that the inequalities in obesity prevalence by sex and by socioeconomic status have become more apparent over time in Korea.

scholarly journals Accuracy of Age-Based Formula to Predict the Size and Depth of Cuffed Oral Preformed Endotracheal Tubes in Children Undergoing Tonsillectomy

2021 ◽  
pp. 014556132098051
Author(s):  
Matula Tareerath ◽  
Peerachatra Mangmeesri
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Endotracheal Tube ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Insertion Depth ◽  
Endotracheal Tubes ◽  
Endotracheal Tube Size ◽  
Actual Size

Objectives: To retrospectively investigate the reliability of the age-based formula, year/4 + 3.5 mm in predicting size and year/2 + 12 cm in predicting insertion depth of preformed endotracheal tubes in children and correlate these data with the body mass index. Patients and Methods: Patients were classified into 4 groups according to their nutritional status: thinness, normal weight, overweight, and obesity; we then retrospectively compared the actual size of endotracheal tube and insertion depth to the predicting age-based formula and to the respective bend-to-tip distance of the used preformed tubes. Results: Altogether, 300 patients were included. The actual endotracheal tube size corresponded with the Motoyama formula (64.7%, 90% CI: 60.0-69.1), except for thin patients, where the calculated size was too large (0.5 mm). The insertion depth could be predicted within the range of the bend-to-tip distance and age-based formula in 85.0% (90% CI: 81.3-88.0) of patients. Conclusion: Prediction of the size of cuffed preformed endotracheal tubes using the formula of Motoyama was accurate in most patients, except in thin patients (body mass index < −2 SD). The insertion depth of the tubes was mostly in the range of the age-based-formula to the bend-to-tip distance.

Body Mass Index Trends Among Adult U.S. Special Olympians, 2005–2010

2013 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T. Foley ◽  
Meghann Lloyd ◽  
Viviene A. Temple
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Special Olympics ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
The Social ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Biological Determinants ◽  
Social Environmental

This study examined temporal trends in body mass index (BMI) among United States adults with intellectual disability (ID) participating in Special Olympics from 2005 to 2010. In addition, the prevalence of obesity was compared with published National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) statistics. After data cleaning, 6,004 height and weight records (male = 57%) were available from the Special Olympics International Healthy Athletes Health Promotion database for the calculation of BMI. Rates of overweight and obesity were very high but generally stable over time. Compared with NHANES statistics, the prevalence of obesity was significantly higher for Special Olympics female participants in each data collection cycle. Integrated efforts to understand the social, environmental, behavioral, and biological determinants of obesity and among Special Olympics participants are needed.

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