scholarly journals Multidimensional photon correlation spectroscopy of cavity polaritons

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (7) ◽  
pp. 1451-1456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantin E. Dorfman ◽  
Shaul Mukamel
Keyword(s):  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Number ◽  
Matter Field ◽  
Correlation Spectroscopy ◽  
Photon Correlation ◽  
Optical Cavities ◽  
Transfer Properties ◽  
Coincidence Measurements ◽  
Single Cavity ◽  
Single Cavity Mode

The strong coupling of atoms and molecules to radiation field modes in optical cavities creates dressed matter/field states known as polaritons with controllable dynamical and energy transfer properties. We propose a multidimensional optical spectroscopy technique for monitoring polariton dynamics. The response of a two-level atom to the time-dependent coupling to a single-cavity mode is monitored through time-and-frequency–resolved single-photon coincidence measurements of spontaneous emission. Polariton population and coherence dynamics and its variation with cavity photon number and controlled by gating parameters are predicted by solving the Jaynes–Cummings model.

scholarly journals Ultra-small-angle X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy using the Eiger detector

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 1753-1759 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Zinn ◽  
A. Homs ◽  
L. Sharpnack ◽  
G Tinti ◽  
E Fröjdh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Angle ◽  
Photon Correlation Spectroscopy ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Counting ◽  
Correlation Spectroscopy ◽  
Frame Rate ◽  
Array Detector ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Photon Correlation ◽  
X Ray

Successful implementation of the single-photon-counting Eiger 500k pixel array detector for sub-millisecond X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) measurements in the ultra-small-angle scattering region is reported. The performance is demonstrated by measuring the dynamics of dilute silica colloids in aqueous solvents when the detector is operated at different counter depths, 4, 8 and 12 bit. In the fastest mode involving 4 bit parallel readout, a stable frame rate of 22 kHz is obtained that enabled measurement of intensity–intensity autocorrelation functions with good statistics down to the 50 µs range for a sample with sufficient scattering power. The high frame rate and spatial resolution together with large number of pixels of the detector facilitate the investigation of sub-millisecond dynamics over a broad length scale by multispeckle XPCS. This is illustrated by an example involving phoretic motion of colloids during the phase separation of the solvent.

Exciton and multi-exciton structures in GaAs quantum dots studied by single-photon correlation spectroscopy

2008 ◽  
Vol 128 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 800-802 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Kihira ◽  
S. Tanaka ◽  
M. Yamagiwa ◽  
Y. Ogawa ◽  
F. Minami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Photon Correlation Spectroscopy ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Correlation Spectroscopy ◽  
Photon Correlation

Localization of excitons in disordered quantum wires probed by single-photon correlation spectroscopy

2004 ◽  
Vol 85 (23) ◽  
pp. 5715-5717 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Malko ◽  
M. H. Baier ◽  
E. Pelucchi ◽  
D. Y. Oberli ◽  
K. Leifer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Wires ◽  
Photon Correlation Spectroscopy ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Correlation Spectroscopy ◽  
Photon Correlation

Exakte Behandlung eines Maser-Modells

1964 ◽  
Vol 19 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 857-861 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Abate ◽  
H. Haken
Keyword(s):  
Time Variation ◽  
Cavity Mode ◽  
Photon Number ◽  
Transition Frequency ◽  
Approximate Methods ◽  
Machine Calculation ◽  
Single Cavity ◽  
Equations Of Motions ◽  
Single Cavity Mode

We treat the interaction of a single cavity mode with a system of atoms, all with the same transition frequency which is assumed equal to the frequency of the mode. The mode and the atoms are assumed to have infinite lifetime, when not coupled together. By a machine calculation the time variation of the number of photons is determined, taking into account up to 80 atoms. The photon number oscillates as a function of time. The results are compared with those of approximate methods used by SERBER and TOWNES and FRISCH and HAKEN. Finally a new semiclassical treatment of the equations of motions is given, which is capable of showing the oscillations of the photon number.

scholarly journals Degradation of Drug Delivery Nanocarriers and Payload Release: A Review of Physical Methods for Tracing Nanocarrier Biological Fate

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 770
Author(s):  
Patrick M. Perrigue ◽  
Richard A. Murray ◽  
Angelika Mielcarek ◽  
Agata Henschke ◽  
Sergio E. Moya
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Correlation Spectroscopy ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Systemic Delivery

Nanoformulations offer multiple advantages over conventional drug delivery, enhancing solubility, biocompatibility, and bioavailability of drugs. Nanocarriers can be engineered with targeting ligands for reaching specific tissue or cells, thus reducing the side effects of payloads. Following systemic delivery, nanocarriers must deliver encapsulated drugs, usually through nanocarrier degradation. A premature degradation, or the loss of the nanocarrier coating, may prevent the drug’s delivery to the targeted tissue. Despite their importance, stability and degradation of nanocarriers in biological environments are largely not studied in the literature. Here we review techniques for tracing the fate of nanocarriers, focusing on nanocarrier degradation and drug release both intracellularly and in vivo. Intracellularly, we will discuss different fluorescence techniques: confocal laser scanning microscopy, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, lifetime imaging, flow cytometry, etc. We also consider confocal Raman microscopy as a label-free technique to trace colocalization of nanocarriers and drugs. In vivo we will consider fluorescence and nuclear imaging for tracing nanocarriers. Positron emission tomography and single-photon emission computed tomography are used for a quantitative assessment of nanocarrier and payload biodistribution. Strategies for dual radiolabelling of the nanocarriers and the payload for tracing carrier degradation, as well as the efficacy of the payload delivery in vivo, are also discussed.

scholarly journals From Femtoseconds to Hours–Measuring Dynamics over 18 Orders of Magnitude with Coherent X-rays

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 6179
Author(s):  
Felix Lehmkühler ◽  
Wojciech Roseker ◽  
Gerhard Grübel
Keyword(s):  
Time Scales ◽  
Free Electron Laser ◽  
Photon Correlation Spectroscopy ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Coherent Scattering ◽  
Correlation Spectroscopy ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Photon Correlation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scattering Technique

X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) enables the study of sample dynamics between micrometer and atomic length scales. As a coherent scattering technique, it benefits from the increased brilliance of the next-generation synchrotron radiation and Free-Electron Laser (FEL) sources. In this article, we will introduce the XPCS concepts and review the latest developments of XPCS with special attention on the extension of accessible time scales to sub-μs and the application of XPCS at FELs. Furthermore, we will discuss future opportunities of XPCS and the related technique X-ray speckle visibility spectroscopy (XSVS) at new X-ray sources. Due to its particular signal-to-noise ratio, the time scales accessible by XPCS scale with the square of the coherent flux, allowing to dramatically extend its applications. This will soon enable studies over more than 18 orders of magnitude in time by XPCS and XSVS.

scholarly journals Grain Growth and Coarsening Dynamics in a Compositionally Asymmetric Block Copolymer Revealed by X-ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (19) ◽  
pp. 8233-8243
Author(s):  
Ronald M. Lewis ◽  
Grayson L. Jackson ◽  
Michael J. Maher ◽  
Kyungtae Kim ◽  
Suresh Narayanan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Copolymer ◽  
Grain Growth ◽  
Photon Correlation Spectroscopy ◽  
Correlation Spectroscopy ◽  
Photon Correlation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Coarsening Dynamics
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