scholarly journals Oxytocin regulates body composition

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (52) ◽  
pp. 26808-26815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Sun ◽  
Daria Lizneva ◽  
Yaoting Ji ◽  
Graziana Colaianni ◽  
Elina Hadelia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Bone Loss ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
High Bone Mass ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
High Bone ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Total Body

The primitive neurohypophyseal nonapeptide oxytocin (OXT) has established functions in parturition, lactation, appetite, and social behavior. We have shown that OXT has direct actions on the mammalian skeleton, stimulating bone formation by osteoblasts and modulating the genesis and function of bone-resorbing osteoclasts. We deleted OXT receptors (OXTRs) selectively in osteoblasts and osteoclasts usingCol2.3CreandAcp5Cremice, respectively. Both male and femaleCol2.3Cre+:Oxtrfl/flmice recapitulate the low-bone mass phenotype ofOxtr+/−mice, suggesting that OXT has a prominent osteoblastic action in vivo. Furthermore, abolishment of the anabolic effect of estrogen inCol2.3Cre+:Oxtrfl/flmice suggests that osteoblastic OXTRs are necessary for estrogen action. In addition, the high bone mass inAcp5Cre+:Oxtrfl/flmice indicates a prominent action of OXT in stimulating osteoclastogenesis. In contrast, we found that in pregnant and lactatingCol2.3Cre+:Oxtrfl/flmice, elevated OXT inhibits bone resorption and rescues the bone loss otherwise noted during pregnancy and lactation. However, OXT does not contribute to ovariectomy-induced bone loss. Finally, we show that OXT acts directly on OXTRs on adipocytes to suppress the white-to-beige transition gene program. Despite this direct antibeiging action, injected OXT reduces total body fat, likely through an action on OXT-ergic neurons. Consistent with an antiobesity action of OXT,Oxt−/−andOxtr−/−mice display increased total body fat. Overall, the actions of OXT on bone mass and body composition provide the framework for future therapies for osteoporosis and obesity.

Identification of high bone mass; a syndrome characterised by mandible enlargement, an inability to float and increased total body fat mass

Bone ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. S227
Author(s):  
C. Gregson ◽  
N. Crabtree ◽  
S. Steel ◽  
K. Poole ◽  
E. McCloskey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
High Bone Mass ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
High Bone ◽  
Total Body

scholarly journals Prediction of the <i>in vivo</i> Body Composition of Pigs Based on Cross- Sectional Region Analysis of Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA) Scans

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 535-545
Author(s):  
A. D. Mitchell ◽  
A. Scholz ◽  
V. Pursel
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Dxa Scans

Abstract. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of a cross-sectional scan as an alternative to the total body DXA scan for predicting the body composition of pigs in vivo. A total of 212 pigs (56 to 138 kg live body weight) were scanned by DXA. The DXA scans were analyzed for percentage fat and lean in the total body and in 14 cross-sections (57.6 mm wide): 5 in the front leg/thoracic region, 4 in the abdominal region, and 5 in the back leg region. Regression analysis was used to compare total body and cross-sectional DXA results and chemical analysis of total body fat, protein and water. The relation (R2) between the percentage fat in individual slices and the percentage of total body fat measured by DXA ranged from 0.78 to 0.97 and by chemical analysis from 0.71 to 0.85, respectively. The relation between the percentage of lean in the individual slices and chemical analysis for percentage of total body protein and water ranged from 0.48 to 0.60 and 0.56 to 0.76, respectively. These results indicate that total body composition of the pig can be predicted (accurately) by performing a time-saving single-pass cross-sectional scan.

scholarly journals Mitochondrial Bioenergetic Metabolism Is Associated with Total Body Composition and Influenced by Normal Weight Obesity (P21-039-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Moriah Bellissimo ◽  
Candace Fleischer ◽  
Phong Tran ◽  
Li Hao ◽  
David Reiter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Recovery Time ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Respiratory Capacity ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Body Composition ◽  
Total Body

Abstract Objectives Obesity, body composition, and mitochondrial dysfunction play important roles in the development of metabolic diseases, but it is unknown if increased visceral fat (VF) specifically alters mitochondrial bioenergetic capacity. We determined whether in vivo and ex vivo bioenergetic indexes are associated with total body composition, visceral fat (VF), and body composition subtypes. Methods This pilot study included 34 healthy adults (56% female, median age 27.9 y). Body composition and fat distribution were assessed by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Subjects were categorized as lean (BMI < 25 kg/m2, n = 14), normal weight obese (NWO, BMI < 25 kg/m2 and >30% body fat in women or >23% body fat in men, n = 8), or overweight/obese (O/O, BMI > 25 kg/m2, n = 12). Ex vivo mitochondrial function was assessed using a Seahorse extracellular flux analyzer in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and isolated monocytes. In a subset (n = 21), maximum in vivo ATP synthesis was assessed in the quadriceps using 31P-Magnetic resonance spectroscopy based on the phosphocreatine recovery time constant (τPCr) following a standardized leg exercise. Statistical analyses included Spearman correlations and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results In monocytes, but not PBMCs, % spare respiratory capacity was inversely associated with % body fat (r = −0.42, P = 0.02) and positively associated with lean body mass (r = 0.36, P = 0.04) but was not significantly associated with VF. Skeletal muscle τPCr was positively associated with % body fat (r = 0.58, P < 0.01) and total body fat (r = 0.53, P = 0.02) but not VF. Subjects with NWO had the highest τPCr (P = 0.01) and lowest % spare respiratory capacity (P = 0.09 and 0.03 in monocytes and PBMCs, respectively) compared to lean or O/O subjects. Conclusions Total body fat, but not VF, was associated with impaired mitochondrial function as shown by increased post-exercise recovery time in skeletal muscle and decreased response to energy demands in circulating cells. Adults with NWO had worse bioenergetic capacity than O/O or lean adults. These data provide insight on the relationships between human body composition and mitochondrial energy metabolism, which plays a role in metabolic disease progression. Funding Sources National Institutes of Health, Georgia Clinical and Translational Science Alliance.

Total body fat content and fat topography are associated differently with in vivo glucose metabolism in nonobese and obese nondiabetic women

Diabetes ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 1151-1159 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Bonora ◽  
S. Del Prato ◽  
R. C. Bonadonna ◽  
G. Gulli ◽  
A. Solini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Body Fat Content ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Body

scholarly journals Mice lacking DKK1 in T cells exhibit high bone mass and are protected from estrogen deficiency-induced bone loss

iScience ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 102224
Author(s):  
Juliane Lehmann ◽  
Sylvia Thiele ◽  
Ulrike Baschant ◽  
Tilman D. Rachner ◽  
Christof Niehrs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Bone Loss ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Estrogen Deficiency ◽  
High Bone Mass ◽  
High Bone

scholarly journals PHYSIOLOGICAL STATUS, BLOOD PROFILE AND BODY COMPOSITION OF SHEEP FED WITH CA-SAPONIFIED LEMURU OIL COATED BY HERBS

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 116
Author(s):  
Dewi Apri Astuti ◽  
Asep Sudarman
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Blood Profiles

<p>This study was aimed to evaluate the physiological status, blood profiles and body composition of sheep fed with Ca-saponified lemuru oil coated by herbs. Twenty fat-tailed sheep (av. BW 23±1.2 kg) were used in this experiment by using Completely Randomized Design with five treatments ration and four replications of each. Sheep fed with concentrate containing 3% Ca-saponified lemuru oil and king grass (1:1) ad libitum. Treatments were control diet without herbs (R1); Ca-saponified lemuru oil coated by curcumae domestica (R2); coated by Zingiber officinale Rosc (R3); coated by Eugenia polyantha (R4) and coated by Pluchea indica Less (R5). Data of physiological parameters were measured three times a day, in the morning, at noon and afternoon. Blood samples were collected at the end of the experiment through jugular vein, together with zero sample for Urea Space measurement. The variables observed were physiological data (heart rate, respiration rate, and rectal temperature), blood profiles (erythrocyte, hemoglobin, packed cell volume (PCV), leucocytes) and body composition (water, protein and fat) measured using Urea Space technique. Results of the study showed that sheep fed with Ca-saponified lemuru oil coated by herbs was not significantly different on heart rate, respiration rate and rectal temperature among treatments. Meanwhile, total leucocytes, neutrophil cell, and lymphocytes significantly increased (P&lt;0.05) by the treatment. Body composition percentage (water, protein and fat) were same in all treatments, except the total body fat and energy retained. In conclusion, supplementation of 3% Ca-saponified lemuru oil coated by Curcumae domestica, Zingiber officinale Rosc, Eugenia polyantha and Pluchea indica Less in fat-tailed sheep had no effect on physiological parameters, but improved the leucocyte and neutrophil cells. Total body fat and energy retained lower compared to control treatment.</p><p>(Key words: Body composition, Ca-saponified, Herbs, Lemuru oil, Urea space)</p>

A comparative study on growth, body composition and carcass tissue distribution in Omani sheep and goats

1998 ◽  
Vol 131 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. MAHGOUB ◽  
G. A. LODGE
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Hind Limb ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Slaughter Weight ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Body

Growth, body composition and distribution of carcass tissues were compared in Omani sheep and goats. Animals had ad libitum access to Rhodes-grass hay (8 % CP) and a concentrate diet (16% CP) from weaning until slaughter. The two species had similar birth weights but sheep had higher preweaning (181 g/day), postweaning (175 g/day) and overall (179 g/day) growth rates than goats (120, 102 and 111 g/day, respectively) and thus they reached slaughter weights earlier. Sheep had higher slaughter weight (22·26 kg), empty body weight (20·39 kg), hot carcass weight (12·48 kg) and dressing out percentage (55·94%) than goats (21·17, 18·82, 11·48 kg and 53·97%, respectively). Sheep also had higher proportions of skin, liver and lungs and trachea (P<0·01) than goats, which had higher proportions of head, feet and gut contents. As proportions of carcass weight, sheep had higher fat (25·08%) but lower muscle content (57·24%) than goats (15·72 and 65·88%, respectively). There were no significant differences between the two species in proportion of carcass bone (13·76 and 14·17%). These effects resulted in sheep having a lower muscle: bone ratio (4·19 and 4·68) and higher fat: muscle ratio (0·44 and 0·24). Sheep had higher proportions of non-carcass, carcass and total body fat in the empty body weight (EBW) than goats. However, sheep had less non-carcass but more carcass fat than goats when fats were expressed as proportions of total body fat. Sheep had higher proportions of muscles in the proximal hind limb, distal hind limb (P<0·01), around the spinal column, connecting forelimb to thorax and high-priced muscle group (P<0·05), but lower proportions of muscles in the abdominal wall, proximal forelimb (P<0·05), distal forelimb (P<0·01), connecting neck to forelimb, intrinsic muscles of neck and thorax (P<0·05) and total forequarter muscles (P<0·01) than goats. As proportions in carcass bone, sheep had higher axial skeleton (P<0·05) but lower forelimb than goats. Among species/sex/slaughter weight groups, castrated male and female goats had the lowest growth rates. Castrates and female sheep, particularly at heavier liveweights, had higher carcass and non-carcass fat contents than intact males and goats of all sexes. Although Omani goats produced leaner carcasses and had higher proportions of some non-carcass offals than Omani sheep, they had slower growth rates and a less attractive muscle distribution. This may negatively affect their potential for large scale meat production under Omani conditions.

scholarly journals Six-compartment body composition model: Inter-method comparisons of total body fat measurement

1998 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZM Wang ◽  
P Deurenberg ◽  
SS Guo ◽  
A Pietrobelli ◽  
J Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Body
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