scholarly journals Acetogenic bacteria utilize light-driven electrons as an energy source for autotrophic growth

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (9) ◽  
pp. e2020552118
Author(s):  
Sangrak Jin ◽  
Yale Jeon ◽  
Min Soo Jeon ◽  
Jongoh Shin ◽  
Yoseb Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid System ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Transcriptional Analysis ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
External Energy ◽  
Additional Energy ◽  
Fixation Rate ◽  
Acetogenic Bacteria

Acetogenic bacteria use cellular redox energy to convert CO2 to acetate using the Wood–Ljungdahl (WL) pathway. Such redox energy can be derived from electrons generated from H2 as well as from inorganic materials, such as photoresponsive semiconductors. We have developed a nanoparticle-microbe hybrid system in which chemically synthesized cadmium sulfide nanoparticles (CdS-NPs) are displayed on the cell surface of the industrial acetogen Clostridium autoethanogenum. The hybrid system converts CO2 into acetate without the need for additional energy sources, such as H2, and uses only light-induced electrons from CdS-NPs. To elucidate the underlying mechanism by which C. autoethanogenum uses electrons generated from external energy sources to reduce CO2, we performed transcriptional analysis. Our results indicate that genes encoding the metal ion or flavin-binding proteins were highly up-regulated under CdS-driven autotrophic conditions along with the activation of genes associated with the WL pathway and energy conservation system. Furthermore, the addition of these cofactors increased the CO2 fixation rate under light-exposure conditions. Our results demonstrate the potential to improve the efficiency of artificial photosynthesis systems based on acetogenic bacteria integrated with photoresponsive nanoparticles.

scholarly journals Energy Sustainability Analysis (ESA) of Energy-Producing Processes: A Case Study on Distributed H2 Production

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 4911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos E. Gómez-Camacho ◽  
Bernardo Ruggeri
Keyword(s):  
H2 Production ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Energy Sustainability ◽  
External Energy ◽  
Additional Energy ◽  
Sustainability Analysis ◽  
Wide Range

In the sustainability context, the performance of energy-producing technologies, using different energy sources, needs to be scored and compared. The selective criterion of a higher level of useful energy to feed an ever-increasing demand of energy to satisfy a wide range of endo- and exosomatic human needs seems adequate. In fact, surplus energy is able to cover energy services only after compensating for the energy expenses incurred to build and to run the technology itself. This paper proposes an energy sustainability analysis (ESA) methodology based on the internal and external energy use of a given technology, considering the entire energy trajectory from energy sources to useful energy. ESA analysis is conducted at two levels: (i) short-term, by the use of the energy sustainability index (ESI), which is the first step to establish whether the energy produced is able to cover the direct energy expenses needed to run the technology and (ii) long-term, by which all the indirect energy-quotas are considered, i.e., all the additional energy requirements of the technology, including the energy amortization quota necessary for the replacement of the technology at the end of its operative life. The long-term level of analysis is conducted by the evaluation of two indicators: the energy return per unit of energy invested (EROI) over the operative life and the energy payback-time (EPT), as the minimum lapse at which all energy expenditures for the production of materials and their construction can be repaid to society. The ESA methodology has been applied to the case study of H2 production at small-scale (10–15 kWH2) comparing three different technologies: (i) steam-methane reforming (SMR), (ii) solar-powered water electrolysis (SPWE), and (iii) two-stage anaerobic digestion (TSAD) in order to score the technologies from an energy sustainability perspective.

Binding Energy of Cubic Carbon Atoms

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 580-583
Author(s):  
S.A. Neoustroev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Energy Spectrum ◽  
Binding Energy ◽  
Energy Deposition ◽  
External Source ◽  
Electronic Configuration ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Bulk Crystals ◽  
External Energy ◽  
Increase Productivity

Energy spectrum of gas particles in plasma is broad, ranging from fractions to 10s of electron volts. Proportion of particles with required energetic parameters, participating in cubic carbon c-C synthesis, is small. External energy deposition can transfer an inert carbon atom to active state and change its electronic configuration. Binding energy of c-C atom depends on energy sources interaction. In this work, the calculations found the binding energy value that was compared with value of energy of the bond between the carbon atoms in ethane. The advisability of external source, activated carbon atoms generator, is marked. It has been established that by adding accelerated carbon atoms with energy of 9,687 eV into reactor it is possible to increase productivity of films, coatings and bulk crystals growth.

scholarly journals On-Site and External Energy Harvesting in Underground Wireless

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Usman Raza ◽  
Abdul Salam
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Wireless Power Transfer ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Power Transfer ◽  
Wireless Power ◽  
External Energy ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Available Energy ◽  
Underground Communication

Energy efficiency is vital for uninterrupted long-term operation of wireless underground communication nodes in the field of decision agriculture. In this paper, energy harvesting and wireless power transfer techniques are discussed with applications in underground wireless communications (UWC). Various external wireless power transfer techniques are explored. Moreover, key energy harvesting technologies are presented that utilize available energy sources in the field such as vibration, solar, and wind. In this regard, the Electromagnetic (EM)- and Magnetic Induction (MI)-based approaches are explained. Furthermore, the vibration-based energy harvesting models are reviewed as well. These energy harvesting approaches lead to design of an efficient wireless underground communication system to power underground nodes for prolonged field operation in decision agriculture.

Proposal and assessment of a novel hybrid system for water desalination using solar and geothermal energy sources

Desalination ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 467 ◽  
pp. 229-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Okati ◽  
Amir Ebrahimi-Moghadam ◽  
A. Behzadmehr ◽  
Mahmood Farzaneh-Gord
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid System ◽  
Geothermal Energy ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Energy Sources

Influence of external energy sources on the dynamic setting process of glass-ionomer cements

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 450-456
Author(s):  
Bruna M.B. de Oliveira ◽  
Izabelle E. Agostini ◽  
Mauro L. Baesso ◽  
Rafael Menezes-Silva ◽  
Ana Flávia S. Borges ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Sources ◽  
Glass Ionomer Cements ◽  
Glass Ionomer ◽  
External Energy ◽  
Dynamic Setting ◽  
Setting Process

scholarly journals Optimal Power Dispatch and Reliability Analysis of Hybrid CHP-PV-Wind Systems in Farming Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 8199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saheed Lekan Gbadamosi ◽  
Nnamdi I. Nwulu
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Hybrid System ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Reliability Indices ◽  
Optimal Power ◽  
Power Dispatch

Renewable energy sources (RES) are seen as potential alternative energy sources for rural communities to meet energy demand where electricity supply is inaccessible. Wind and Photo-Voltaic (PV) power is seen as mature and sustainable alternatives for rural electrification. This paper discusses the optimal power dispatch for hybrid combined heat and power (CHP), wind, PV and battery systems with a view to determining the operation of the hybrid system for farming applications. This is accomplished by considering the basic power system probability concepts to assess the performance of the reliability indices. The proposed mathematical model seeks to minimize the system operation costs from CHP. The developed model was validated on five case studies with the same load profile, solar radiation, wind speed and CHP generating unit parameters and solved using a CPLEX solver embedded in Algebraic Modelling Language. The sensitivity analysis performed indicates that the hybrid system achieved a higher reliability as compared to other case studies. The result shows 48% of energy cost reduction is achievable when considering the proposed hybrid CHP, wind, PV and battery system as compared to energy supply via CHP.

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