scholarly journals Characterization of a gene from a tomato pathogen determining hypersensitive resistance in non-host species and genetic analysis of this resistance in bean

1988 ◽  
Vol 85 (18) ◽  
pp. 6743-6747 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Whalen ◽  
R. E. Stall ◽  
B. J. Staskawicz
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Hypersensitive Resistance ◽  
Tomato Pathogen

scholarly journals Genetic Characterization of Methicillin Resistant and Sensitive, Vancomycin Intermediate Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated from Different Iranian Hospitals

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Asghar Havaei ◽  
Amir Azimian ◽  
Hosein Fazeli ◽  
Mahmood Naderi ◽  
Kiarash Ghazvini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Health Care Policies ◽  
Global Health Care ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
Epidemiological Evaluation ◽  
Mrsa Strains

Background. Global concerns have been raised due to upward trend of Vancomycin Intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (VISA) and Vancomycin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) reports which mean casting doubt on the absolute effectiveness of the last line of antibiotic treatment for S. aureus, vancomycin. Hence, epidemiological evaluation can improve global health care policies. Methodology. 171 Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus were collected from different types of clinical samples in selected hospitals in Isfahan, Mashhad, and Tehran, Iran. Then, they were evaluated by agar screening, disk diffusion, and MIC method to determine their resistance to vancomycin and methicillin. The isolated VISA strains were then confirmed with genetic analysis by the evaluation of mecA and vanA genes, SCCmec, agr, and spa type, and also toxin profiles. MLST was also performed. Results and Conclusion. Our data indicated that 67% of isolated S. aureus strains were resistant to methicillin. Furthermore, five isolates (2.9%) had intermediate resistance to vancomycin (VISA). In contrast to usual association of VISA with MRSA strains, we found two isolates of MSSA-VISA. Therefore, our data suggests a probable parallel growing trend of VISA towards MSSA, along with MRSA strains. However, more samples are required to confirm these primarily data. Moreover, genetic analysis of the isolated VISA strains revealed that these strains are endemic Asian clones.

Morphology and description of infraciliary bands pattern in four Metadinium Awerinzew & Mutafowa, 1914 species (Ciliophora, Entodiniomorphida, Ophryoscolecidae) with taxonomic notes on the genus

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4500 (4) ◽  
pp. 574 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRANCIANE CEDROLA ◽  
MARIANA FONSECA ROSSI ◽  
ISABEL MARTINELE ◽  
MARTA D’AGOSTO ◽  
ROBERTO JÚNIO PEDROSO DIAS
Keyword(s):  
Host Species ◽  
Morphological Similarity ◽  
Type Pattern ◽  
Anterior Body ◽  
Contractile Vacuoles ◽  
Geographical Locations

The genus Metadinium includes ophryoscolecid ciliates, with two retractile ciliary zones in the anterior body portion, two broad skeletal plates, a lobed macronucleus and two contractile vacuoles. Species belonging to this genus were recorded in several geographical locations and in different host species. However, they were mostly described based on a single ciliatological technique, and until now, there is only one description of the infraciliary pattern in Metadinium ciliates (Metadinium medium). The present study performs the morphological and infraciliature characterization of four species belonging to Metadinium: M. esalqum, M. minorum, M. rotundatum and M. ypsilon; and presents taxonomic notes on the genus. The oral infraciliature in these four Metadinium species corresponds to the Diplodinium-type, pattern shared with genera Diplodinium, Diploplastron, Eudiplodinium, Eremoplastron and Polyplastron. A brief review conducted highlights the difficulty of delimiting Metadinium species due to the morphological similarity among them. 

scholarly journals Genetic analysis of the Arabidopsis TIR1/AFB auxin receptors reveals both overlapping and specialized functions

eLife ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J Prigge ◽  
Matthieu Platre ◽  
Nikita Kadakia ◽  
Yi Zhang ◽  
Kathleen Greenham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Early Embryo ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
The Family ◽  
Dependent Inhibition ◽  
Root Gravitropism ◽  
Specialized Function ◽  
Mutant Lines

The TIR1/AFB auxin co-receptors mediate diverse responses to the plant hormone auxin. The Arabidopsis genome encodes six TIR1/AFB proteins representing three of the four clades that were established prior to angiosperm radiation. To determine the role of these proteins in plant development we performed an extensive genetic analysis involving the generation and characterization of all possible multiply-mutant lines. We find that loss of all six TIR1/AFB proteins results in early embryo defects and eventually seed abortion, and yet a single wild-type allele of TIR1 or AFB2 is sufficient to support growth throughout development. Our analysis reveals extensive functional overlap between even the most distantly related TIR1/AFB genes except for AFB1. Surprisingly, AFB1 has a specialized function in rapid auxin-dependent inhibition of root growth and early phase of root gravitropism. This activity may be related to a difference in subcellular localization compared to the other members of the family.

scholarly journals Genetic analysis and molecular characterization of tasselseed mutant <italic>ts12</italic> in maize

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 690-699
Author(s):  
Lan-Yang REN ◽  
Li-Ping QIN ◽  
Chao-Xian LIU ◽  
Yi-Lin CAI ◽  
Ren-Feng ZHANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Molecular Characterization

Characterization of Fasciola samples from different host species and geographical localities in Spain by sequences of internal transcribed spacers of rDNA

2007 ◽  
Vol 101 (5) ◽  
pp. 1245-1250 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Alasaad ◽  
C. Q. Huang ◽  
Q. Y. Li ◽  
J. E. Granados ◽  
C. García-Romero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Species ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacers

scholarly journals Comparative analysis and characterization of the gut microbiota of four farmed snakes from southern China

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing Zhang ◽  
Jing Ren ◽  
Daode Yang ◽  
Shuoran Liu ◽  
Xinguo Gong
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Host Species ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Units ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Elaphe Carinata ◽  
Deinagkistrodon Acutus

Background The gut microbiota plays an important role in host immunity and metabolic homeostasis. Although analyses of gut microbiotas have been used to assess host health and foster disease prevention and treatment, no comparative comprehensive study, assessing gut microbiotas among several species of farmed snake, is yet available. In this study, we characterized and compared the gut microbiotas of four species of farmed snakes (Naja atra, Ptyas mucosa, Elaphe carinata, and Deinagkistrodon acutus) using high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rDNA gene in southern China and tested whether there was a relationship between gut microbiotal composition and host species. Results A total of 629 operational taxonomic units across 22 samples were detected. The five most abundant phyla were Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Fusobacteria, and Actinobacteria, while the five most abundant genera were Bacteroides, Cetobacterium, Clostridium, Plesiomonas, and Paeniclostridium. This was the first report of the dominance of Fusobacteria and Cetobacterium in the snake gut. Our phylogenetic analysis recovered a relatively close relationship between Fusobacteria and Bacteroidetes. Alpha diversity analysis indicated that species richness and diversity were highest in the gut microbiota of D. acutus and lowest in that of E. carinata. Significant differences in alpha diversity were detected among the four farmed snake species. The gut microbiotas of conspecifics were more similar to each other than to those of heterospecifics. Conclusion This study provides the first comparative study of gut microbiotas among several species of farmed snakes, and provides valuable data for the management of farmed snakes. In farmed snakes, host species affected the species composition and diversity of the gut microbiota.

scholarly journals Characterization of the β-lactamase specified by the resistance factor R-1818 in Escherichia coli K12 and other Gram-negative bacteria

1971 ◽  
Vol 123 (4) ◽  
pp. 501-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Dale
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Host Bacterium ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
R Factor ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

1. The amino acid composition of the β-lactamase from E. coli (R-1818) was determined. 2. The R-1818 β-lactamase is inhibited by formaldehyde, hydroxylamine, sodium azide, iodoacetamide, iodine and sodium chloride. 3. The Km values for benzylpenicillin, ampicillin and oxacillin have been determined by using the R-factor enzyme from different host species. The same values were obtained, irrespective of the host bacterium. 4. The molecular weight of the enzyme was found to be 44600, and was the same for all host species. 5. The relationship of R-1818 and R-GN238 β-lactamases is discussed.

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