scholarly journals Can ozone depletion and global warming interact to produce rapid climate change?

2000 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 1412-1417 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Hartmann ◽  
J. M. Wallace ◽  
V. Limpasuvan ◽  
D. W. J. Thompson ◽  
J. R. Holton
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Ozone Depletion ◽  
Rapid Climate Change

Modelling ecosystem adaptation and dangerous rates of global warming

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Millington ◽  
Peter M. Cox ◽  
Jonathan R. Moore ◽  
Gabriel Yvon-Durocher
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Diffusion Rate ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Genetic Evolution ◽  
Rates Of Change ◽  
Rapid Climate Change ◽  
Warming Climate ◽  
Intraspecies Competition ◽  
High Trait

Abstract We are in a period of relatively rapid climate change. This poses challenges for individual species and threatens the ecosystem services that humanity relies upon. Temperature is a key stressor. In a warming climate, individual organisms may be able to shift their thermal optima through phenotypic plasticity. However, such plasticity is unlikely to be sufficient over the coming centuries. Resilience to warming will also depend on how fast the distribution of traits that define a species can adapt through other methods, in particular through redistribution of the abundance of variants within the population and through genetic evolution. In this paper, we use a simple theoretical ‘trait diffusion’ model to explore how the resilience of a given species to climate change depends on the initial trait diversity (biodiversity), the trait diffusion rate (mutation rate), and the lifetime of the organism. We estimate theoretical dangerous rates of continuous global warming that would exceed the ability of a species to adapt through trait diffusion, and therefore lead to a collapse in the overall productivity of the species. As the rate of adaptation through intraspecies competition and genetic evolution decreases with species lifetime, we find critical rates of change that also depend fundamentally on lifetime. Dangerous rates of warming vary from 1°C per lifetime (at low trait diffusion rate) to 8°C per lifetime (at high trait diffusion rate). We conclude that rapid climate change is liable to favour short-lived organisms (e.g. microbes) rather than longer-lived organisms (e.g. trees).

scholarly journals Developments of the Perception of Climate Change and Abnormal Weather in Postwar Japan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keegan Cothern ◽  
Junichi Hasegawa
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Ozone Depletion ◽  
Climatic Variability ◽  
Climate Research ◽  
Postwar Japan ◽  
Global Cooling ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Abnormal Weather

Climate research has been presented as a largely Anglophone and European affair, while other regional contributions and concerns have been left largely unexamined. An investigation of the Japan Meteorological Agency’s ‘Abnormal Weather Reports’ and related literature instead reveals the concerns of an island nation anxious about immediate weather abnormalities, causes of climate variability, and predicting the consequences of global warming within a geographically vulnerable Japan. Researchers initially focused on the topic of global cooling in the 1970s, sparking fears about Japan’s self-sustainability in the event of a long-term decline in temperatures. By the 1980s, though cooling fears persisted, focus also turned to how El Niño cycles provoked climatic variability, even as initial concern with global warming resulting from human activities, carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, and ozone depletion grew. Following the Kyoto Protocol’s recognition of anthropogenic climate change and creation of a global cooperative framework, research has begun to focus on the consequences of global warming in exacerbating Japan’s meteorological risks and on mitigating further anthropogenic temperature increases.

Mental Models and Risk Perceptions Related to Climate Change

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Bostrom
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Mental Models ◽  
Ozone Depletion ◽  
Mental Model ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Stratospheric Ozone ◽  
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion

Mental models are the sets of causal beliefs we “run” in our minds to infer what will happen in a given event or situation. Mental models, like other models, are useful simplifications most of the time. They can, however, lead to mistaken or misleading inferences, for example, if the analogies that inform them are misleading in some regard. The coherence and consistency of mental models a person employs to solve a given problem are a function of that person’s expertise. The less familiar and central a problem is, the less coherent and consistent the mental models brought to bear on that problem are likely to be. For problems such as those posed by anthropogenic climate change, most people are likely to recruit multiple mental models to make judgments and decisions. Common types of mental models of climate change and global warming include: (a) a carbon emissions model, in which global warming is a result of burning fossil fuels thereby emitting CO2, and of deforestation, which both releases sequestered CO2 and decreases the possible sinks that might take CO2 out of the atmosphere; (b) a stratospheric ozone depletion mental model, which conflates stratospheric ozone depletion with global warming; (c) an air pollution mental model, in which global warming is viewed as air pollution; and (d) a weather change model, in which weather and climate are conflated. As social discourse around global warming and climate change has increased, mental models of climate change have become more complex, although not always more coherent. One such complexity is the belief that climate changes according to natural cycles and due to factors beyond human control, in addition to changes resulting from human activities such as burning fossil fuels and releasing other greenhouse gases. As our inference engines, mental models play a central role in problem solving and subjective projections and are hence at the heart of risk perceptions and risk decision-making. However, both perceiving and making decisions about climate change and the risks thereof are affective and social processes foremost.

scholarly journals Impact of Global Warming on Public Health

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-70
Author(s):  
Magaille Hodambia ◽  
Sindi Dandala
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Climate Change ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Ozone Depletion ◽  
Heart Attack ◽  
Ultraviolet Rays ◽  
Genetic Mutations ◽  
Soil Depletion ◽  
The Impact

This article aims to explain the impact of global warming on public health. The mechanism that occurs is that climate change affects environmental factors such as changes in environmental quality such as water quality, air and soil, depletion of the ozone layer, decreases in the quality and quantity of water resources, loss of ecosystem function and land degradation which in the end these factors will affect human health. . Global warming has shortened the mating cycle and growth of mosquitoes from eggs to larvae and adult mosquitoes, so that the population size will increase rapidly. The impact of global warming also affects ozone depletion, among others, the increasing intensity of ultraviolet rays reaching the earth's surface causing health problems, such as skin cancer, cataracts, decreased endurance, and the growth of genetic mutations. . It is also associated with high air temperature with decreased heart rate. A low heart rate can increase the risk of a heart attack.

scholarly journals Hydrocarbons as Refrigerants―A Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. KOH ◽  
Z. ZAKARIA
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Ozone Depletion ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Montreal Protocol ◽  
Full Circle ◽  
American Society ◽  
Ashrae Standards

Refrigerants used in air conditioning and refrigeration (AC&R) indusries have come full circle since the beginning of the industrialrevolution. With concern on issues relating to the environment such as the global warming and climate change issues, we should finda better alternative than to continue using these refrigerants that cause global warming and ozone depletion. AC&R industryplayers have blended in by introducing some new equipment and components that are specificallydesigned for hydrocarbon (HC) use. Mostnew refrigerators sold in Malaysia are already equipped with isobutane [a hydrocarbon designated as R-600a by the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) standards]as refrigerants. Malaysia has ratifiedthe Montreal Protocol and targetted a 10% reduction in hydrochlorofluorocarbon(HCFC) consumption, beginning 2016 with the banning of 2.5 horsepower (hp) and below in air-conditioning (AC) equipment to be used. Instead,hydrofluorocarbon(HFC) R-410a was introduced as a replacement for HCFC- 22, whereas in other countries this HFC has been phased down. This article was initiated  because of the difficultin findinga replacement for HCFC. Also, the possibilities of using HC as an alternative to replace HCFC insteadof using HFC as a transitional refrigerant in place of HCFC is reviewed in this article. The performance of HC is very similar to HCFC and flmmability issues could be easily overcome with the use of an effectivedesign. Their use could be facilitated with the adaptation of specific standards and properly enacted legislatio

Ozone Depletion and Global Environment

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Ozone Depletion ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Photochemical Reaction ◽  
Global Environment ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Relationship

This paper is focused on the relationship between ozone depletion and environmental climate change. Ozone (O3) depletion and global warming are not directly related to each other but have a common reason as pollutants released into the atmosphere by human activities which alter both phenomenal change. Global warming is incident of accumulation of higher level of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere when hydrocarbons are used to generate electricity to run vehicles. Carbon dioxide spreads around the earth like a cover which is mainly responsible for the absorption of infrared radiation as a heat. Ozone depletion occurs when chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and halon (halogen) gases are observed in aerosol. Practically, spray cans and refrigerants are the sources of CFCs. Ozone is available in the stratosphere and absorbs ultraviolet radiaton, which is very harmful to humans, animals and plants. By photochemical reaction ozone molecules are broken down by CFCs and halons, which are the primary substances in the chemical reactions, reducing ozone’s ultraviolet radiation-absorbing capacity.

scholarly journals Perlindungan dan Pelestarian Lingkungan Hidup menurut Perspektif Al-Qur’an

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Muslim Djuned
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Ozone Depletion ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Human Relations ◽  
Environmental Conflicts ◽  
Symbiotic Mutualism ◽  
Hand Amputation

Human relations and the environment are symbiotic mutualism, but environmental conflicts occur when people interact in it. Damage to the environment is one of the greatest threats to the survival of modern humans. Generally, environmental damage and pollution caused by the behavior and impact of human activity to global warming, the B3 waste, climate change, pollution, flooding, eroded, and ozone depletion. The environment needs protection and preservation of the damage. Because it needs to be a systematic attempt to inhibit the rate of damage and pollution. Based on the analysis of the verses on the theme of environmental protection and preservation, the ruling is required as an obligation to protect the pillars of Islamic law, namely: al-din al-nafs al-nasl, al-mal, al-'aql and al -bî'ah. Punitive sanctions against the perpetrators of environmental crimes according to the Qur'an is the maximum punishment, such as stoning or crosses, and the minimum punishment, namely punishment of hand amputation ta'zir. AbstrakRelasi manusia dan lingkungan hidup bersifat simbiosis mutualisme, namun konflik lingkungan terjadi ketika manusia berinteraksi di dalamnya. Kerusakan lingkungan hidup merupakan salah satu ancaman terbesar bagi kelangsungan hidup manusia modern. Umumnya kerusakan dan pencemaran lingkungan disebabkan oleh perilaku dan aktivitas manusia yang berdampak terjadinya pemanasan global, limbah B3, perubahan iklim, polusi, banjir, longsong, dan penipisan ozon. Lingkungan hidup membutuhkan perlindungan dan pelestarian dari kerusakannya. Karena itu perlu upaya sistematis untuk menghambat laju kerusakan dan pencemarannya. Berdasarkan analisis terhadap nash-nash al-perlindungan dan pelestarian lingkungan hidup hukumnya adalah wajib sebagaimana kewajiban melindungi pilar-pilar hukum Islam, yaitu: al-dîn, al-nafs, al-nasl, al-mâl, al-‘aql dan al-bî’ah. Sanksi hukuman terhadap pelaku tindak kejahatan lingkungan hidup menurut al-Qur’an adalah hukuman maksismal, yaitu rajam atau salib, dan hukuman minimal, yaitu hukuman potong tangan ta’zir.

scholarly journals Fruitfulness of Solar Technology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajam Annapoorani
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Ozone Depletion ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Environmental Hazards ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Trump Card ◽  
Solar Technology

This book delineated the contemporary upshots of the fossil fuel's feebleness and renewable energy's splendid face. Solar technology occupied a trump card position.Fossil fuels caused global warming, ozone depletion,climate change, health defects to the living organisms and environmental hazards .Because of the stumbling block and downside of the fossil fuels, we have to increase the usage of renewable energy.By dint of getting know about the significance of renewable energy, many environmental activists and scientists are set in motion to launch the renewable energy scheme.

scholarly journals Placing our current ‘hyperthermal’ in the context of rapid climate change in our geological past

2018 ◽  
Vol 376 (2130) ◽  
pp. 20170086 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gavin L. Foster ◽  
Pincelli Hull ◽  
Daniel J. Lunt ◽  
James C. Zachos
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Rapid Climate Change ◽  
Geological Past ◽  
Known Unknowns ◽  
Donald Rumsfeld

‘…there are known knowns. These are things we know that we know. There are known unknowns. That is to say, there are things that we know we don't know. But there are also unknown unknowns. There are things we don't know we don't know.’ Donald Rumsfeld 12th February 2002. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Hyperthermals: rapid and extreme global warming in our geological past’.

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