Inconsistency in Technical Terminology

Babel ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad A. Saraireh
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Item ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Stylistic Variation ◽  
Arabic Translation ◽  
Technical Translation ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Literary Device ◽  
Lexical Items ◽  
Language Text

Standardization is one of the basic elements of technical translation for proper communication among the users of the target language text. Consistency in signifier-signified correspondence is vital to maintain proper tandardization. However, there are many instances (in translation) in which stylistic variation and inconsistency in using lexical items are confused. The problem arises and becomes serious when inconsistency is mistakenly considered as stylistic variation. Stylistic variation is a very well known literary device to avoid repetition in texts by employing synonyms. Inconsistency arises when a signifier which has been employed in the target language to signify a new borrowed concept is alternately used with any of its synonyms. The translator may create a kind of confusion when he uses a synonym to signify the same concept rather than the assigned lexical item. Therefore, the reader may not be able to follow the progress of the text assuming that there is a different meaning for each synonym. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the different types of this phenomenon in English-Arabic translation.

The meaning of meaning in a literary translatorial action

Babel ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 274-287
Author(s):  
Solomon O. Oyetade ◽  
Emeka C. Ifesieh
Keyword(s):  
Communication Theory ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Direct Link ◽  
Semantic Approach ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Communicative Approach ◽  
Lexical Items ◽  
Discourse Practice ◽  
Linguistic Structures ◽  
Language Text

This paper concisely reinvestigates translatorial action and observes that the ‘meaning’ of lexical items is not the same with the ‘sense’ of lexical items. The central distinctions between the two terms are that the meaning of lexical items is not only a subjective application, but is also dependent on its environment for its truth-value within any given linguistic discourse. The sense of a word however, refers to its objective use and is context independent. Meaning is viewed as having a direct link with the communicative approach to translation. The approach derives from the Communication Theory, which core assumption is that unpredictability is equivalent to informativity. Unpredictability can be unravelled by building in redundancy into the target text to avoid communication overload.<p>Through a rigorous theoretical explications coupled with an avalanche of exemplifications, it is observed that communicatively generated texts appear smoother and more comprehensible than its semantic counter part. However, the writers, suggest that the communicative approach to translation is necessarily applicable in cases of use variations occasioned by differential discourse practice between the source and the target language socio-cultures. Sequel to that, use variations between languages and socio-cultures in contact often pose linguistic structures that resist semantic rendition, because it fails to recapture the ideational content of the source language text in such instances. It is the failure of the semantic approach to yield adequate text(s) at the target end that necessitates the communicative type.<p>

English-Arabic Translation of Dubbed Children's Animated Pictures

Babel ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naser Al-Hassan Athamneh ◽  
Jehan Ibrahim Zitawi
Keyword(s):  
Educational Level ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Original Text ◽  
Arabic Translation ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Niveau D’Instruction ◽  
Language Text

Abstract This study aims at evaluating the translation of dubbed children's animated pictures shown on Jordan Television and other Arab televisions in terms of accuracy and faithfulness to the original text. In an attempt to achieve this goal, the researchers have studies the translations of (56) episodes of Arabic versions of five children's animated pictures. Upon close examination of the translated material, it has been found that most of the translators have given erroneous renderings of some portions of the original texts, thus distorting the message conveyed in the target language text and, consequently, affecting, in a direct way, the educational level of the children. The researchers analyse and categorise some erroneously translated words, phrases and sentences observed in the corpus of the study. They also try to attribute the errors to their possible causes. Finally, the researchers suggest alternative, supposedly more appropriate translations of the source language utterances. The study concludes with some recommendations which would hopefully enhance the process of translating dubbed children's animated pictures in general and improve the performance of Arab translators working in the field of English-Arabic dubbing. Résumé Le but de l'étude est d'évaluer la traduction de films animés doublés pour enfants, diffusés à la télévision jordanienne et d'autres télévisions arabes en termes de précision et de concordance avec le texte original. Dans un effort d'arriver à cette fin, les chercheurs ont étudié les traductions de 56 épisodes des versions arabes de cinq films animés pour enfants. Suite à un examen approfondi du matérial traduit, on a trouvé que la plupart des traducteurs ont donné une version erronée de certaines parties des textes originaux déformant ainsi le message transmis dans la lnague cible et, par conséquent, ayant une influence directe sur le niveau d'instruction de l'enfant. Dans le corpus de l'étude, les chercheurs analysent et categorisent certains mots, locutions et phrases observés et traduits erronément. Ils font également un effort pour attribuer les erreurs à leurs causes probables. Enfin, les chercheurs suggèrent une alternative et, par supposition, mieux appropriée des propos de la langue de départ. L'étude termine avec quelques recommandations qu'on espère, relèverait en général le processus de la traduction de films animés doublés pour enfants et améliorerait la tāche des traducteurs arabes spécialisés dans le domaine du doublage anglais-arabe.

THE IMPLEMENTATION OF COGNITIVE ACADEMIC LANGUAGE LEARNING STRATEGIES (CALLS) TO HELP THE STUDENTS IN RECOGNIZING THE LEXICAL CONSTRAINTS ON THE STUDENTS TRANSLATION

JURNAL ELINK ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diah Astuty
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Academic Language ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Language Learning Strategies ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Lexical Constraints ◽  
Language Text

his study aims to describe the sorts of lexical constraints that appeared on the students translation when translating some source language texts into some target language texts. The competence of linguistic fields that the students have acquired is in the fact assumed to be inadequate and it can cause the lexical constraints.Keywords: CALLS, lexical constraints,source language text,target language text

La traducción del lenguaje figurado: figuras de dicción y de pensamiento en la obra de François Villon

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-155
Author(s):  
Beatriz Martínez Ojeda
Keyword(s):  
Figurative Language ◽  
Target Language ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
Rhetorical Devices ◽  
Poetry Translation ◽  
Current Article ◽  
Francois Villon ◽  
Language Text

AbstractThe current article primarily aims at analysing the strategies utilised by quintessential translators of F. Villon to render into Spanish the figures of diction and thought that characterise the poetry of the 14th-century author, following the classical classification proposed by Abrams (1953). A second objective is to suggest a set of guidelines on how to translate the figurative use of discourse into a given target-language text. Accordingly, this article will first provide an overview on the most relevant approaches to poetry translation, which especially concern relaying the figurative language of a source into a target-language text. Moreover, it will analyse a set of examples that best illustrate the distinctive use of rhetorical devices by Villon, and will examine the ways to better transforming them into another target language, namely Spanish. Lately, this article will propose a set of translation guidelines for both the figures of diction and thought that permeate his poetry.

scholarly journals Inclusion, Contrast and Polysemy in Dictionaries: The Relationship between Theory, Language Use and Lexicographic Practice

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-340
Author(s):  
Anu Koskela
Keyword(s):  
Language Use ◽  
Lexical Item ◽  
British National Corpus ◽  
Lexical Items ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
National Corpus

This paper explores the lexicographic representation of a type of polysemy that arises when the meaning of one lexical item can either include or contrast with the meaning of another, as in the case of dog/bitch, shoe/boot, finger/thumb and animal/bird. A survey of how such pairs are represented in monolingual English dictionaries showed that dictionaries mostly represent as explicitly polysemous those lexical items whose broader and narrower readings are more distinctive and clearly separable in definitional terms. They commonly only represented the broader readings for terms that are in fact frequently used in the narrower reading, as shown by data from the British National Corpus.  

Transcribing Paralinguistic Acoustic Cues to Target Language Text in Transformer-Based Speech-to-Text Translation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirotaka Tokuyama ◽  
Sakriani Sakti ◽  
Katsuhito Sudoh ◽  
Satoshi Nakamura
Keyword(s):  
Target Language ◽  
Acoustic Cues ◽  
Language Text

scholarly journals Paraphrase Strategy in Translating Indonesian Novel into English

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erlina Zulkifli Mahmud ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Method ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Target Language ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Translation Strategies ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Research ◽  
Research Article ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Linguistic Units ◽  
Language Text

This research article discusses one of the translation strategies namely paraphrase. The method used is a mixed method of descriptive-comparative method with both quantitative and qualitative research approaches. The data source is the translation of a novel, Tarian Bumi written in Indonesian language as the source language text and ‘Earth Dance’ in English as the target language text. The data used for this research are taken from the first part of the novel. The background of this research is the phenomenon showing that from all the sentences in the first part of the novel, more than 50% are being paraphrased. To identify what linguistic units are paraphrased, what kinds of paraphrase involved and which paraphrase is used more than others are the objectives of this research. The results show that the paraphrases involve all linguistic units ranging from word, phrase, clause, to sentence. The paraphrase can be used individually or in a combination consisting of two paraphrases and among the four kinds of paraphrase, the explicative paraphrase is used more than others either it is used individually or in combination.

scholarly journals Wieloaspektowość międzyjęzykowej ekwiwalencji stałych połączeń wyrazowych a ujęcie onomazjologiczne na przykładzie frazeologizmów typu tęga głowa

2020 ◽  
pp. 333-355
Author(s):  
Joanna Szerszunowicz ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Linguistic Analysis ◽  
Lexical Item ◽  
The Other ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Multiword Expressions ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Minor Significance ◽  
The Cross

The aim of this paper is to discuss the usefulness and reliability of the onomasiological approach in the cross-linguistic analysis of fixed multiword expressions based on the example of Polish phrases coined according to the model: ADJECTIVENOM FEM SING + GŁOWA ‘HEAD’ and their English and Italian counterparts. The three corpora are constituted by expressions registered in general and phraseological dictionaries of the respective languages to ensure that the units belong to the canon of Polish, English and Italian phraseological stock. The analysis of units collected for the purpose of the study clearly shows that in order to determine the true picture of cross-linguistic equivalence, the study should be focused on semantics of analysed phrases. Furthermore, the formal aspectmay be of minor significance in some cases due to the similarity of imagery of a source language idiom and the target language lexical item. On the other hand, stylistic value may have a great impact on the relation of cross-linguistic correspondence of the analysed units.

scholarly journals Optimizing Tokenization Choice for Machine Translation across Multiple Target Languages

2017 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 257-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasser Zalmout ◽  
Nizar Habash
Keyword(s):  
Machine Translation ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Statistical Machine Translation ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Context Variable ◽  
Significant Performance ◽  
Morphologically Rich Languages ◽  
Target Languages ◽  
Language Text

AbstractTokenization is very helpful for Statistical Machine Translation (SMT), especially when translating from morphologically rich languages. Typically, a single tokenization scheme is applied to the entire source-language text and regardless of the target language. In this paper, we evaluate the hypothesis that SMT performance may benefit from different tokenization schemes for different words within the same text, and also for different target languages. We apply this approach to Arabic as a source language, with five target languages of varying morphological complexity: English, French, Spanish, Russian and Chinese. Our results show that different target languages indeed require different source-language schemes; and a context-variable tokenization scheme can outperform a context-constant scheme with a statistically significant performance enhancement of about 1.4 BLEU points.

scholarly journals Are ideophones translatable? The case of translating isiZulu ideophones in DBZ Ntuli’s short story Uthingo Lwenkosazana (The Rainbow)

Literator ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mthikazi Rose Masubelele
Keyword(s):  
Short Story ◽  
English Translation ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Translation Strategies ◽  
Word Level ◽  
Lexical Items ◽  
To Come ◽  
Target Languages

The meaning of words comes into play when words as units of translation are to be translated from one language into another. Lexical items that are extant in one language but not in others pose enormous problems for translators. The translation of ideophones – which feature very prominently in African discourse – is a case in point in this article. Translators faced with the translation of such forms are required to come up with strategies to aptly express their meanings in the target text. This article seeks to establish how CSZ Ntuli, in his English translation of an isiZulu short story Uthingo Lwenkosazana by DBZ Ntuli, has translated some of the ideophones used by the original author. Translation strategies used by CSZ Ntuli in his translation to express the meanings of the isiZulu ideophones will be brought to light in this article. It will be confirmed that CSZ Ntuli, using different lexical forms in the target language, has effectively changed unfamiliar isiZulu cultural notions to concepts that the English target reader can relate to. It will also be shown that the meanings of the isiZulu ideophones can be expressed in the target language using approximation and amplification as translation strategies provided that the translator has a good command of both source and target languages. The discussion will also look at how various translation scholars view the notion of equivalence at word level, and research on ideophones in isiZulu will also be reviewed.

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