The shaping of individuals’ mental structures and dispositions by others

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt Hahlweg
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Hospital Discharge ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Expressed Emotion ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
The Family ◽  
Emotional Overinvolvement ◽  
History Of ◽  
Family Interview

Expressed emotion (EE) is a measure of the family environment that has been demonstrated to be a reliable, cross-culturally valid psychosocial predictor of relapse in patients with schizophrenia, mood disorders, and other — also somatic — illnesses. Assessed during the Camberwell Family Interview CFI, relatives are classified as being high in EE if they make more than a specified threshold number of critical comments or show any signs of hostility or marked emotional overinvolvement. In schizophrenia, the median relapse rate for patients returning after hospital discharge to a high EE environment is 48%, compared with 21% in a low EE-environment. In this article, the history of EE research will be outlined, and the evidence for the association between family EE and the course of schizophrenia and mood disorders will be presented. Conclusions about the treatment of major mental disorders are discussed as well as the directions of future studies.

Peran Perempuan Dalam Melestarikan Nilai-Nilai Moral Tradisional Pada Masyarakat Jepang

KIRYOKU ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-300
Author(s):  
Sri Sudarsih
Keyword(s):  
Family Environment ◽  
Japanese Society ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
Japanese Women ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Material Object ◽  
Distinctive Character ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
Modern Era

The purpose of this study is to explore traditional moral values in Japanese society that are able to survive and be implemented in everyday life in the modern era. In addition, it is able to shape the distinctive character of the Japanese, including the role of women who contribute to maintaining traditional moral values. This research is a qualitative research field of philosophy with the object of formal values and the material object is the development of women's position in Japanese society. The results achieved in the study: Japanese women played an important role in the history of the struggle until Japan achieved prosperity and glory until now. This is based on the reason that Japanese women are able to maintain and preserve traditional moral values that still exist through early education in the family environment. These values can shape the character of children from an early age in the family. A family with character brings logical consequences to the life of a community with character so that it affects the culture as a whole.

Expressed Emotion Trait or State?

1995 ◽  
Vol 166 (5) ◽  
pp. 647-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith L. Schreiber ◽  
Alan Breier ◽  
David Pickar
Keyword(s):  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Expressed Emotion ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenia ◽  
Response Characteristic ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Parental Response ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Emotional Overinvolvement ◽  
Family Interview ◽  
Two Measures

BackgroundThis exploratory study addresses the question of whether expressed emotion (EE) is a response characteristic of the parent (trait) or a parental response to specific circumstances or persons (state).MethodSeventeen parents participated in two audiotaped interviews, using modified versions of the Camberwell Family Interview. One interview concerned the child with chronic schizophrenia and the other a well sibling. Subsequent ratings of the EE variables of critical comments (CC), emotional overinvolvement (EOI) and warmth were completed and compared.ResultsE response patterns directed towards patients, as compared with towards siblings, were significantly different on two measures: EOI (P=0.01) and warmth (P=0.02). The parents showed significantly more emotional overinvolvement with the child with schizophrenia and significantly more warmth towards the well child.ConclusionsThese data suggest that the EE variables of EOI and warmth are related to the state of child, and the lack of a significant difference in CC suggests that this is a parental trait.

Compare “family atmosphere” in informal caregivers of patients with psychotic symptoms compared to their inclusion or not in self-help associations

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S381-S381
Author(s):  
M. Mentis ◽  
M. Gouva ◽  
E. Kotrsotsiou ◽  
N.V. Angelopoulos ◽  
E. Dardiotis
Keyword(s):  
Family Environment ◽  
Expressed Emotion ◽  
Informal Caregivers ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Family Environment Scale ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Environment Scale ◽  
The Family ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Self Help Groups

IntroductionThe participation of informal caregivers in the café of patients with psychotic symptoms in coordination with self-help groups have been found to reduce the expressed emotion in combination with psychoeducations interventions help create a supportive environment.ObjectivesThis study investigates the differences in the family atmosphere of informal caregivers of patients with psychotic symptoms.AimsTo compare whether or not the participation of informal caregivers of patients with psychotic symptoms in self-organized associations helps to foster a supportive family environment, hence reducing the risk of relapse.MethodsSnowballing sampling consisting of 510 informal caregivers of patients with psychotic symptoms was used in the current study. The Family Environment Scale of Moos and Moos and socio-demographic questions were implemented to collect the data. Control Cronbach's Alpha reliability of scale gave value a = 0.795.ResultsThe comparison showed that informal caregivers of patients with psychotic symptoms irrespective of their participation or not in self-help associations do not show significant differences in Family Environment Scale. Significant statistical difference between the two groups (P < 0.05) only occurred in the subcategory “organization”, as the first group (m = 4.68, df = ± 2.233) were found to have lower values compared to the other group (m = 5.21, df = ± 2.233).DiscussionsThe study demonstrated that informal caregivers of patients with psychotic symptoms involved in self-help groups do not show to have a particular difference in the family atmosphere than families who do not participate in self-help associations.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Case Report: Organic Hallucinosis in Viral Encephalitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-64
Author(s):  
Andrian Fajar Kusumadewi
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Viral Encephalitis ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
The Family ◽  
Organic Mental Disorders ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Brain

Introduction : Organic mental disorders are diseases we need to put more attentionon because they are related to systemic disorders or disorders of the brain and cancause high mortality. Organic mental disorders often manifest in the form ofpsychiatric symptoms so that they can be treated too late because the physician isnot able to recognize the symptoms which can be fatal. Sequelae can be found inorganic mental disorders and may affect the patient’s quality of life, so a fast andproper management is needed to get a better outcome. Case presentation: A caseof organic hallucinosis in viral encephalitis had been reported in a 18 year-old malewith a history of sudden changes in behaviour. The symptoms appeared after thepatient had problems during OSPEK and was threatened by someone. The patientwas the only child in the family and often spoiled by his parents. Laboratory andimaging studies showed that there was a cerebritis in the CT scan result, a decreasein CD4 count, and an increase in anti-Rubella IgG titers in which the patient wasfinally diagnosed with viral encephalitis. Conclusion: The diagnosis of organicmental disorders can easily be overlooked in daily clinical practice so that patientsdo not receive proper management

scholarly journals Family functioning and environmental resources offered by families of children with mental disorders

Salud Mental ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 235-242
Author(s):  
Eduarda Souza Dilleggi ◽  
Ana Paula Rosa ◽  
Patricia Leila dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Family Functioning ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Family Cohesion ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Environmental Resources ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Faces Iv ◽  
The Family ◽  
Spearman Correlation Test

Introduction. The presence of mental disorders in a family may cause various losses in its functioning and characteristics. Objective. To determine which environmental resources are offered to children with mental disorders by their families and how they correlated with the family functioning. Method. The study included a total of 33 persons responsible for children with mental disorders. The subjects responded to two questionnaires to characterize family functioning (FACES IV) and the availability of resources in the family environment (RAF). Data were analyzed in a descriptively and the Spearman correlation test was used to identify associations between variables. Results. Most of the children were male and attended school, and the most frequent psychiatric diagnoses were attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder. Most families were considered to have good family functioning (87.9%), with only 12.1% being considered dysfunctional. Regarding environmental resources, the highest mean values were assigned to the presence of toys (6.9 ± 2.0) and to family gatherings for routine activities (6.6 ± 2.3). Family cohesion, flexibility, communication, and satisfaction (functional) were positively correlated with the offer of activities and resources and negatively correlated with unbalanced (dysfunctional) subscales. Discussion and conclusion. Children’s mental disorders do not appear to affect family dynamics in a significant manner. However, family functioning interferes with the types of activities and resources it offers to the child and that may have an impact on his/her development.

Exposure to Parental Alcoholism During Childhood and Outcome in Adulthood: A Prospective Longitudinal Study

1986 ◽  
Vol 149 (5) ◽  
pp. 584-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. Beardslee ◽  
L. Son ◽  
G. E. Vaillant
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Parental Alcoholism ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
Children’S Exposure

The effects of children's exposure to parental alcoholism was assessed using records from an existing prospective 40-year longitudinal study of working-class families: 176 men who had grown up with an alcoholic parent or parents were compared with 230 men without such exposure. Degree of exposure to alcoholism in the childhood family environment was highly correlated in later life with alcohol use, alcoholism, time in jail, sociopathy, and death, but not with increased rates of unemployment, poor physical health, or measures of adult ego functioning. Most of the impairments observed occurred in those subjects who actually developed alcoholism. Exposure to alcoholism in the family environment and family history of alcoholism independently contributed to the later development of alcoholism.

scholarly journals Stigma and expressed emotion: a study of people with schizophrenia and their family members in China

2002 ◽  
Vol 181 (6) ◽  
pp. 488-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. Phillips ◽  
Veronica Pearson ◽  
Feifei Li ◽  
Minjie Xu ◽  
Lawrence Yang
Keyword(s):  
Expressed Emotion ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Cognitive Responses ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Standard Work ◽  
Severe Effect ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Interview ◽  
High Level ◽  
Work Up

BackgroundThe most damaging effect of stigma is the internalisation of others' negative valuations.AimsTo explore the factors that mediate patients' emotional and cognitive responses to stigma.MethodBased on responses to 10 open-ended questions about stigma appended to the Chinese version of the Camberwell Family Interview, trained coders rated the effect of stigma on both patients and family members in 1491 interviews conducted with 952 family members of 608 patients with schizophrenia at 5 sites around China from 1990 to 2000.ResultsFamily members reported that stigma had had a moderate to severe effect on the lives of patients over the previous 3 months in 60% of the interviews, and on the lives of other family members in 26% of the interviews. The effect of stigma on patients and family members was significantly greater if the respondent had a high level of expressed emotion, if the patient had more severe positive symptoms, if the respondent was highly educated and if the family lived in a highly urbanised area.ConclusionsClinicians should assess the effect of stigma as part of the standard work-up for patients with mental illness, and help patients and family members reduce the effect of stigma on their lives.

scholarly journals Familial risk and childhood adversity interplay in the onset of psychosis

BJPsych Open ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonella Trotta ◽  
Marta Di Forti ◽  
Conrad lyegbe ◽  
Priscilla Green ◽  
Paola Dazzan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Familial Risk ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Childhood Adversity ◽  
Psychiatric History ◽  
Parental History ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
Family Interview ◽  
Community Controls ◽  
Main Effects

BackgroundThe association between childhood adversity and psychosis in adulthood is well established. However, genetic factors might confound or moderate this association.AimsUsing a catchment-based case-control sample, we explored the main effects of, and interplay between, childhood adversity and family psychiatric history on the onset of psychosis.MethodChildhood adversity (parental separation and death, physical and sexual abuse) was assessed retrospectively in 224 individuals with a first presentation of psychosis and 256 community controls from South London, UK. Occurrence of psychotic and affective disorders in first-degree relatives was ascertained with the Family Interview for Genetic Studies (FIGS).ResultsParental history of psychosis did not confound the association between childhood adversity and psychotic disorder. There was no evidence that childhood adversity and familial liability combined synergistically to increase odds of psychosis beyond the effect of each individually.ConclusionsOur results do not support the hypothesis that family psychiatric history amplifies the effect of childhood adversity on odds of psychosis.

Emotional Overinvolvement in Parents of Patients with Schizophrenia or Related Psychosis: Demographic and Clinical Predictors

1996 ◽  
Vol 169 (5) ◽  
pp. 622-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Håvard Bentsen ◽  
Birgitte Boye ◽  
Ole Georg Munkvold ◽  
Tor Helge Notland ◽  
Annette B. Lersbryggen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Expressed Emotion ◽  
Substance Misuse ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Schizophreniform Disorder ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Clinical Predictors ◽  
Emotional Overinvolvement ◽  
Family Interview ◽  
Affective Disturbances ◽  
Anxiety Depression

BackgroundParental emotional overinvolvement (EOI) may entail a worse outcome in schizophrenia. In the present study we examined demographic and clinical predictors of EOI.MethodThe predictors were examined in a Norwegian sample of 41 recently admitted patients (schizophrenia or schizophreniform disorder) and 66 parents. Parents' expressed emotion was assessed by the Camberwell Family Interview.ResultsRegression analyses showed that higher EOI was significantly related, on the part of the parent to being a mother, single, spending more time with the patient; and, on the part of the patient, to no substance misuse, more anxiety–depression, and less uncritical and aggressive behaviour. EOI was not linked to previous hospital admissions.ConclusionOur analyses indicate that characteristics of the parent and of the parent–patient dyad seem to be the most important determinants of EOI. EOI is probably not linked to psychotic relapse, but rather to affective disturbances in the patient.

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