scholarly journals Stigma and expressed emotion: a study of people with schizophrenia and their family members in China

2002 ◽  
Vol 181 (6) ◽  
pp. 488-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. Phillips ◽  
Veronica Pearson ◽  
Feifei Li ◽  
Minjie Xu ◽  
Lawrence Yang
Keyword(s):  
Expressed Emotion ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Cognitive Responses ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Standard Work ◽  
Severe Effect ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Interview ◽  
High Level ◽  
Work Up

BackgroundThe most damaging effect of stigma is the internalisation of others' negative valuations.AimsTo explore the factors that mediate patients' emotional and cognitive responses to stigma.MethodBased on responses to 10 open-ended questions about stigma appended to the Chinese version of the Camberwell Family Interview, trained coders rated the effect of stigma on both patients and family members in 1491 interviews conducted with 952 family members of 608 patients with schizophrenia at 5 sites around China from 1990 to 2000.ResultsFamily members reported that stigma had had a moderate to severe effect on the lives of patients over the previous 3 months in 60% of the interviews, and on the lives of other family members in 26% of the interviews. The effect of stigma on patients and family members was significantly greater if the respondent had a high level of expressed emotion, if the patient had more severe positive symptoms, if the respondent was highly educated and if the family lived in a highly urbanised area.ConclusionsClinicians should assess the effect of stigma as part of the standard work-up for patients with mental illness, and help patients and family members reduce the effect of stigma on their lives.

scholarly journals Schizophrenia in a member of the family: Burden, expressed emotion and addressing the needs of the whole family

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gian Lippi
Keyword(s):  
Service Delivery ◽  
Expressed Emotion ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Chronically Ill ◽  
Family Burden ◽  
The Family

How often do we find ourselves concentrating so much on treating a patient with schizophrenia that we forget about the needs and difficulties of the family members who take care of that patient? This article highlights the global and specific difficulties that families and caregivers experience in having to care for chronically ill family members with schizophrenia with a backdrop of continuing global deinstitutionalisation of such patients. Matters such as burden and expressed emotion are explored, family-specific interventions are discussed and areas of service delivery and resource inadequacies are identified.

Care for Imminently Dying Cancer Patients: Family Members' Experiences and Recommendations

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuya Shinjo ◽  
Tatsuya Morita ◽  
Kei Hirai ◽  
Mitsunori Miyashita ◽  
Kazuki Sato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Emotional Distress ◽  
Medical Staff ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dying Patients ◽  
The Family ◽  
High Level ◽  
Bereaved Family

Purpose The aim of this study was to clarify the level of emotional distress experienced by bereaved family members and the perceived necessity for improvement in the care for imminently dying patients and to explore possible causes of distress and alleviating measures. Methods A cross-sectional nationwide survey was performed in 2007 of bereaved families of cancer patients at 95 palliative care units across Japan. Results Questionnaires were sent to 670 families, and 76% responded. Families reported their experiences as very distressing in 45% of cases. Regarding care, 1.2% of respondents believed that a lot of improvement was needed, compared with 58% who believed no improvement was needed. Determinants of high-level distress were a younger patient age, being a spouse, and overhearing conversations between the medical staff outside the room at the time of the patient's death; those reporting high-level necessity of improvement were less likely to have encountered attempts to ensure the patient's comfort, received less family coaching on how to care for the patient, and felt that insufficient time was allowed for the family to grieve after the patient's death. Conclusion A considerable number of families experienced severe emotional distress when their family member died. Thus, we propose that a desirable care concept for imminently dying cancer patients should include relief of patient suffering, family advisement on how to care for the patient, allowance of enough time for the family to grieve, and ensuring that family members cannot overhear medical staff conversations at the time of the patient's death.

FC12-02 - The neural response to relatives’; criticisms and compliments in individuals with a schizotypal personality

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1877-1877
Author(s):  
P. Premkumar ◽  
D. Lythgoe ◽  
S.C. Williams ◽  
E.A. Kuipers ◽  
V. Kumari
Keyword(s):  
Expressed Emotion ◽  
Neural Response ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Psychotic Episode ◽  
Schizotypal Personality ◽  
Lingual Gyrus ◽  
Emotional Interference ◽  
Family Interview ◽  
High Level ◽  
First Time

A high level of expressed emotion (EE) in the form of criticism and hostility by family members towards schizophrenia patients increases the risk of relapse to a psychotic episode. Studying the neural response to relatives’ criticisms would help to understand how patients interpret and cope with EE in terms of the salience patients attach to criticisms and how this information is encoded and stored. Formerly depressed patients fail to activate the dorso-lateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) on hearing maternal criticisms. We tested the hypothesis, for the first time, that individuals with high schizotypy would have an altered DLPFC and ACC response to relatives’ criticisms. Twenty-four healthy individuals, 12 with low schizotypy (LS) and 12 with high schizotypy (HS), listened to a close relative's criticisms, compliments and neutral comments about them while undergoing functional MRI. The relative's EE level was assessed using the Camberwell Family Interview. HS relatives were more likely to show high EE than LS relatives. Activation maps in LS and HS groups during each comment type were compared using SPM5. During criticisms relative to neutral comments, HS activated and LS deactivated the DLPFC and ACC. During compliments relative to neutral comments, LS activated and HS deactivated the insula, lingual gyrus, cerebellum, thalamus, postcentral gyrus and medial frontal gyrus. Our finding of DLPFC-ACC activation in HS, but deactivation in LS individuals when listening to relatives’ criticisms suggests that HS individuals may have difficulty suppressing emotional interference during cognitive control.

Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Family Emotional Involvement and Criticism Scale: Evidence of the Dimensionality of Expressed Emotion

2003 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen M. Gavazzi ◽  
Patrick C. McKenry ◽  
Jill A. Jacobson ◽  
Teresa W. Julian ◽  
Brenda Lohman
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Expressed Emotion ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Married Couples ◽  
Emotional Involvement ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
The Family

Using a convenience sample of 152 married couples, the present study tested models that alternately considered family members' perceptions of Expressed Emotion to be a one-, two-, three-, or four-factor construct as measured by the Family Emotional Involvement and Criticism Scale. Results of confirmatory factor analysis procedures indicated that perceptions of Expressed Emotion were best represented by a four-factor model that consisted of involvement, criticism, upset feelings, and approval. The methodological implications of these findings are discussed.

The shaping of individuals’ mental structures and dispositions by others

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt Hahlweg
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Hospital Discharge ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Expressed Emotion ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
The Family ◽  
Emotional Overinvolvement ◽  
History Of ◽  
Family Interview

Expressed emotion (EE) is a measure of the family environment that has been demonstrated to be a reliable, cross-culturally valid psychosocial predictor of relapse in patients with schizophrenia, mood disorders, and other — also somatic — illnesses. Assessed during the Camberwell Family Interview CFI, relatives are classified as being high in EE if they make more than a specified threshold number of critical comments or show any signs of hostility or marked emotional overinvolvement. In schizophrenia, the median relapse rate for patients returning after hospital discharge to a high EE environment is 48%, compared with 21% in a low EE-environment. In this article, the history of EE research will be outlined, and the evidence for the association between family EE and the course of schizophrenia and mood disorders will be presented. Conclusions about the treatment of major mental disorders are discussed as well as the directions of future studies.

Expressed emotion and parental attitudes toward children of alcoholics

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 17-17
Author(s):  
F. Cosci ◽  
I. Londi ◽  
V. Patussi ◽  
S. Sirigatti
Keyword(s):  
Family Environment ◽  
Emotional Response ◽  
Expressed Emotion ◽  
Parental Attitudes ◽  
Children Of Alcoholics ◽  
Family Climate ◽  
Alcoholic Families ◽  
The Family ◽  
And Gender ◽  
High Level

IntroductionIndividuals who grow up in alcoholic families seem to have a family environment and climate different from those who grow up in non alcoholic families.ObjectivesData on expressed emotion and parental attitudes in alcoholic family are lacking.AimsStudy the level of expressed emotion and the parental attitudes in children of alcoholics (COAs) compared with children of non alcoholics (non COAs).MethodsThe Level of Expressed Emotion Scale (LEES) and the Parental Attitudes Scale (PAD) were used to measure respectively the expressed emotion and the family climate. The LEES was filled by the COAs or by the non COAs; the PAD was filled by their significant parent. COAs and non COAs were matched for age and gender.ResultsCOAs perceived a statistically lower level of intrusiveness from their parents and a significantly higher emotional response and attitudes toward illness from their parents than non COAs. According to the PAD, there was no difference in the family climate between the two groups. When correlations between LEES and PAD were evaluated, among COAs high level of expressed tolerance (LEES tolerance/expectation subscale) was significantly correlated with a low dominance in the children (PAD Dominance/Submissiveness); among controls, high level of expressed emotion (LEES total score) was significantly correlated with lower pleasure in the children (PAD Pleasure/Displeasure subscale).ConclusionsCOAs and non COAs seem to perceive the emotion expressed in their family environment differently and correlate it with their parental attitudes according to a different pattern.

scholarly journals EXAMINING THE RELATIONSHIP OF MOBA GAMES USAGE AND THE FAMILY INTERACTION: A CASE OF BARANGAY GAMAO RESIDENTS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Van M. Buladaco
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Family Interaction ◽  
The Family ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
High Level ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

MOBA Games has been the trend of the society nowadays. This has become the best recreational activity of the youth. This trend make the researchers to be focused on its impact to the family interaction.The study location is at Gamao Subdivision, Barangay San Francisco, Panabo City. Eighty-three (83) MOBA Games players had been selected to participate the interviews which was being answered by the survey questionnaires.The survey questionnaires focused on what was the MOBA Games impact and influences to the members of a family. This has been grouped according to the – age range, gender, socio economic status, number of the siblings and playmate.The study shows that family members does not manifest excessive MOBA games usage and does not greatly manifest Family Interaction between members of the family. Also, this shows a significant relationship between the level of MOBA games usage and in the level of family interaction.The study recommended that families should learn how to value and manage time in order to be more productive and effective in building interaction between family members and should build strong connection among its family members. It is highly recommended that family should be effective as to implementing house rules in order to minimize the high level of MOBA games usage among age group 5 to 10 years old.

Expressed and Perceived Criticism, Family Warmth, and Symptoms in Schizophrenia

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Medina-Pradas ◽  
J. Blas Navarro ◽  
Esther Pousa ◽  
M. Isabel Montero ◽  
Jordi E. Obiols
Keyword(s):  
Expressed Emotion ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Emotional Involvement ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Subjective Assessments ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Interview ◽  
Perceived Criticism ◽  
Family Warmth ◽  
Patients Perspective

AbstractCriticism directed by caregivers towards a family member with schizophrenia, both from the perspective of the patient and of the caregiver, predicts relapse, although both perspectives differ. This study aims to verify if the same applies to a Mediterranean sample, where criticism is not the main attitude of high expressed emotion families. The Camberwell Family Interview was applied to assess the family’s perspective, and the Perceived Criticism and the Family Emotional Involvement and Criticism Scales were used to assess the patients’ perspective, in 21 dyads. The association between both perspectives and psychotic symptoms was also examined. Results replicated those of previous studies in other countries, revealing that the perspectives on Criticism of patients and families do not match. The fact that family members also presented positive attitudes towards the patient did not cushion the patient’s perceived criticism. Thus, it seems that families considered to be critical may not be perceived as such by the patients. Furthermore, only the warmth from the family’s perspective correlated with the symptoms: positive affect proved to be more relevant than negative affect. Therefore, the patients’ subjective assessments and family warmth should be included in clinical and research proposals.

scholarly journals Stigma perceived by family members of psychiatric patients attending outpatient department of a teaching hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-69
Author(s):  
Rama Kumari Lamichhane
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Outpatient Department ◽  
P Value ◽  
Perceived Stigma ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Family ◽  
High Level

Introductions: Stigma and unfavorable view of people towards mental illness is prevailing in Nepal due to lack of awareness. Stigma among family members of people with mental illness has a serious impact on the outcome. This study aims to identify the level of perceived stigma by family members and association with selected demographical variables. Methods: A cross-sectional research design was used to assess the stigma perceived by family members of patients visiting psychiatry outpatient department of Patan Hospital, Patan Academy of Health Sciences during 12 August to Sep 7, 2018. Questionnaire on socio-demographic variables and self-stigma of mental illness scale was used to interview the family members to assess the level of perceived stigma. Chi-square was used to examine the association between demographic variables and stigma, p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Out of 180 family interviewed 94 (52.2%) had perceived high level of stigma and 86 (47.8%) low level of stigma. There was significant association between age and perceived stigma (p value=0.030) at 95% of significance. Conclusions: More than half of the family members of psychiatric patients had perceived high level of stigma and was associated with the age.

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