Metaphor and metonymy in Chinese and American political cartoons (2018–2019) about the Sino-US trade conflict

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 474-499
Author(s):  
Cun Zhang ◽  
Charles Forceville
Keyword(s):  
Meaning Making ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Political Cartoons ◽  
Intended Audience ◽  
Analytical Instruments ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Complete Interpretation ◽  
Metaphor And Metonymy

Abstract Political cartoons make meaning by drawing on scenarios that must be immediately recognizable by their intended audience. Crucial meaning-making mechanisms in these scenarios are verbo-visual ensembles of metaphors and metonymies. In this paper we investigate 69 Chinese and 60 American political cartoons published in 2018 and 2019 that pertain to the two nations’ trade conflict. By examining the cross-cultural similarities and differences between metaphors and metonymies, we chart how Chinese and American cartoonists portray this trade conflict. We end by showing how a complete interpretation of the cartoons requires enrichment with insights provided by yet other analytical instruments.

The Sino–US trade war in political cartoons: A synthesis of semiotic, cognitive, and cultural perspectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-497
Author(s):  
Cun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Dominant Mode ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Political Cartoons ◽  
Target Domain ◽  
Cultural Symbols ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Trade War ◽  
The One ◽  
Charged Source ◽  
Metaphor And Metonymy

Abstract Economic globalization has resulted in more frequent trading frictions, some of which have escalated into trade wars such as the one between China and the US. Drawing on the same corpus built by Zhang and Forceville (Zhang, Cun & Charles Forceville. 2020. Metaphor and metonymy in Chinese and American political cartoons (2018–2019) about the Sino–US trade conflict. Pragmatics and Cognition 27(2). 476–501), and complementing insights of that paper, this paper investigates how the Sino–US trade war is metaphorically and metonymically constructed in 129 Chinese and American political cartoons respectively from a synthesized perspective. Based on comparative analyses, cross-cultural similarity and uniqueness in the semiotic, cognitive, and cultural aspects can be concluded as follows: (a) at the expression level, the shared dominant mode configuration pattern of metaphor and metonymy requires extra-textual knowledge to identify the target domain/concept while the source domain/vehicle concept is pinpointed through pictorial resources; (b) at the cognition level, “us” and “them” are distinctively evaluated by using the metonymy BODILY REACTION FOR EMOTION, cultural symbols, and the Great Chain metaphor. The Chinese cartoons converge on disapproving of “them” while the American cartoons converge on disapproving of “us” and diverge on conceptualizing “them”; (c) a variety of cross-cultural default scenarios are employed in the Chinese cartoons whereas the American cartoons utilize non-default scenarios influenced by only American cultures. Both aim for persuasiveness by employing emotionally charged source domains/vehicle concepts, but to different audiences.

scholarly journals Development of Psychology in Sri Lanka in comparison to Germany: Origin, Development, and Limitations

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asanka Bulathwatta
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
European Region ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Proper Place ◽  
Asian Region ◽  
Cultural Framework ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The Cross

Development process of any other field is not a quick one. It may come across steps throughout the history. When we compare the European region with the Asian region the situational processes they came across have similarities and differences. Germany is the birthplace of many psychological schools in which Sri Lanka still have some shadow of those schools and keep continuing some parts of psychology adapted from this society. Nevertheless, there are some trends of having own psychological practices affirming the cross-cultural framework. Sri Lankan universities are now trying to give a proper place for Psychology but still the tendency is not adequate compared to the placement given into other disciplines.

Interpretations, Implications, and Conclusions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory Shushan
Keyword(s):  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Analytical Comparison ◽  
Life After Death ◽  
Attitudes Toward Death ◽  
Revitalization Movements ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Interdisciplinary Theory ◽  
Near Death Experiences ◽  
Afterlife Beliefs

An analytical comparison is made of the near-death experiences (NDEs), afterlife beliefs, and myths in the three regions, in relation to their shamanic practices, funerary rituals, revitalization movements, and attitudes toward death and the dead. In order to explain the cross-cultural similarities and differences in all their manifestations, a comprehensive interdisciplinary theory is put forth. The experiential source hypothesis is combined with elements from the psychological, cognitive, social, and historical sciences. Beyond the three regions, despite general thematic similarities worldwide, certain NDE themes occur only in indigenous societies, while some occur in seemingly random unrelated pairs of cultures. Philosophical implications for beliefs in life after death are explored in light of the cross-cultural evidence, and models of the nature of a possible afterlife are discussed. The implications of the study for contemporary historiographical and epistemological issues are also put forth.

scholarly journals Complementarity of Image and Text in Political Cartoons: Three Case Studies

2018 ◽  
pp. 143-158
Author(s):  
Dafina Genova
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Meaning Making ◽  
Conceptual Metaphor ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Multimodal Communication ◽  
The Other ◽  
Political Cartoons ◽  
Visual Metaphors ◽  
Construction Of Meaning ◽  
Metaphor And Metonymy

The article analyzes the complementarity of image and text in political cartoons taking into account the following parameters: Prior Text(s), Producer, Cartoon, and Viewer/ Reader. In the meaning-making process, the viewer/reader constantly alternates between image and text. The two modes of communication can convey the same message(s), each of the modes can strengthen the meaning of the other; the two might have nothing in common, yet, when combined, will produce a meaningful message. Visual metaphors and metonymies play an important role in the construction of meaning in political cartoons. They are analyzed from the point of view of conceptual metaphor and metonymy theory and its application in multimodal communication. Humour in political cartoons is also briefly discussed.

scholarly journals Metaphoricity of Lexemes from the Lexical Field Family in English and Porodica in Serbian

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (22) ◽  
pp. 52-67
Author(s):  
Biljana Radic Bojanic ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Metaphor ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Space ◽  
The Common ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Lexical Field

Relying on the theory of conceptual metaphor, this paper contrastively analyses lexemes from the lexical field family in English (family, father, mother, son, daughter, sister, brother) and porodica in Serbian (porodica, otac, majka, sin, kći, sestra, brat). The aim of the paper is to establish similarities and differences between metaphorical meanings of these lexemes and, on the basis of that, to determine the cross-linguistic and cross-cultural similarities and differences between these two languages. The analysis is based on the material excerpted from monolingual dictionaries of English and Serbian. Numerous similarities have been established between the lexemes from this lexical field, which is probably a consequence of the common European cultural space and the Christian foundation upon which it rests.

The Cross-Cultural Equivalence of Parental Rearing Measure: EMBU-C

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maja Deković ◽  
Margreet ten Have ◽  
Wilma A.M. Vollebergh ◽  
Trees Pels ◽  
Annerieke Oosterwegel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Child Rearing ◽  
Latent Factors ◽  
Immigrant Adolescents ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Parental Rearing ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Multigroup Confirmatory Factor Analysis

We examined the cross-cultural equivalence of a widely used instrument that assesses perceived parental rearing, the EMBU-C, among native Dutch and immigrant adolescents living in The Netherlands. The results of a multigroup confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the factor structure of the EMBU-C, consisting of three latent factors (Warmth, Rejection, and Overprotection), and reliabilities of these scales are similar in both samples. These findings lend further support for the factorial and construct validity of this instrument. The comparison of perceived child rearing between native Dutch and immigrant adolescents showed cultural differences in only one of the assessed dimensions: Immigrant adolescents perceive their parents as more overprotective than do Dutch adolescents.

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