Äiwoo wâtu and the typology of comparatives

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Åshild Næss
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Comparative Constructions ◽  
Standard Of Comparison ◽  
The One ◽  
Comparative Construction

Abstract This paper examines a comparative construction in the Oceanic language Äiwoo and argues that it differs from those known in the typological literature on comparatives on two counts. It is similar to a so-called ‘exceed’ comparative in involving a morpheme meaning ‘go far’; but unlike canonical exceed comparatives, the construction is intransitive, and the standard of comparison is expressed as an oblique. Moreover, the standard is indicated not only by this oblique phrase but also by a directional marker on the verb, in an extension of the frequent use of directionals in Äiwoo to indicate peripheral participants. This construction thus, on the one hand, expands the established typology of comparative constructions; and on the other, shows that the use of directional morphemes to indicate peripheral participants, otherwise attested e.g. for recipients of give verbs, may extend to the standard in comparative constructions, pointing to an avenue for further typological exploration.

Estruturas comparativas complexas: variação e desvio e questões de tradução

2019 ◽  
pp. 265-286
Author(s):  
Telmo Móia ◽  
Rui Marques
Keyword(s):  
Prime Minister ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Comparative Constructions ◽  
Game Console ◽  
The One

In this paper, we analyse two subtypes of related comparative constructions in Portuguese, with a focus on grammatical anomaly and change – whether expressed in translated text, as a result of calquing (from English), or in autochthonous text, evincing an area of grammatical instability and change in progress. These are: on the one hand, comparative clauses using multiplicative numbers or fractions, like the Portuguese counterparts of the president is twice as popular as the prime minister or women are four times less likely to develop coronary problems than men, and, on the other hand, nominal phrases resorting to the same quantifying operators, but in a non-clausal environment, like the counterparts of Spain has twice the level of unemployment of Portugal or this game console has four times the memory of the previous one. The observed anomalies – or disputed constructions – involve the non-canonical: (i) use of equative operators (tão/tanto, ‘as’) in comparative clauses with multiplicative numbers or fractions (likely, as a result of calquing from English); (ii) use of a connective (que/do que, ‘than’) in nominal phrases with quantifying operators similar to those of comparative clauses (likely, as a result of autochthonous hybridization); (iii) use of complex prepositional expressions like comparativamente com (‘in comparison with’) or em relação a (‘relatively to’) either instead of the connective (do) que in comparative clauses, or before modifiers inside nominal phrases with multiplicative numbers or fractions. Overall, an intriguing area of grammatical unrest is discussed, with a particular focus on its bearing on translating texts into standard Portuguese.

scholarly journals An unconditional basic income? How Dutch citizens justify their opinions about a basic income and work conditionality

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 284-300
Author(s):  
Federica Rossetti ◽  
Femke Roosma ◽  
Tijs Laenen ◽  
Koen Abts
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Welfare Recipients ◽  
Basic Income ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
The Core ◽  
Financial Feasibility ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
The One ◽  
Depth Interviews

AbstractThe article focuses on one of the core but controversial features of a universal basic income (UBI): its unconditionality. Using qualitative in-depth interviews collected in the Dutch municipality of Tilburg in 2018–2019, we examine the arguments underlying popular opinions about a UBI and work conditionality. The analysis suggests that these arguments can be interpreted from two theoretical perspectives. On the one hand, respondents make frequent use of deservingness criteria referring to the characteristics of welfare recipients, such as their need and work willingness. On the other hand, they justify their opinions using arguments related to the characteristics of welfare schemes, such as their administrative and financial feasibility. Our findings offer important insights concerning political actors who support (or oppose) the real-world implementation of a UBI.

scholarly journals AGREEMENT OF THE WILLS FROM THE CONTRACTUAL PARTIES AS ONE OF THE CONDITIONS TO MAKE A DEAL

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 1953-1957
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Patoska
Keyword(s):  
Administrative Law ◽  
The Other ◽  
Written Text ◽  
Theoretical Structure ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
The Will ◽  
The Law ◽  
Theory Of Law ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right

Every agreement of the wills among two or more persons who make mutual law relation or changes or calls of the existing law relation is named as a contrast in the theory of law. According its characteristics, the law relations may be different - obligatorious, familliarious, hereditorious, administrativ, merchanditorious etc., because of what the contracts as instruments of law regulations of that relationships are published in different law branches, like: familly law, heretige law, administrative law, merchandise law etc. Regarding its theoretical structure and frequent use and meaning in the law practice, the obligatory contracts are separated - those which may make obligatory relationships.The obligatory relationships are law connection among two or more parties from which one of them has the right to ask for, and the other is obligated to give the asked or to do, or not to do, or to bear it. The essence of the obligatory relation is in the right of the creditor to ak from the debtor to fulfille his obligation, which means - basicly - they are in creditor - debtor's relationships. Therefore, the obligatory contracts are double law acts according to which, in the agreement of the wills between two parties, the one part obeys to give something, to do or not to do something, or to bear something in the benefit of the other part, the part which takes that obligation as its right.The agreement of the wills of the contractual parties is one of the four common conditions of the genezes of a contract. It is realized by equality of the different whishes and different aims which the parties like to reach by making an agreement. There are the questions which I am trying to answer in my written text: about law relevant will, the atributes which the will should possesse, the ways of giving the will and, at the end, coordinating the wills of the two parts which goes to make the contact. The coordinating of the wills should be done on a legalized or usual way, frequently or usually by giving an offer from the first part and reaching the offer from the other one. That is the most usual mode of implementation the reunification of the wills between the contractual parts.

scholarly journals Si isch grösser weder ig! Zum Komparativanschluss im Schweizerdeutschen

2005 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Friedli
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
The Other ◽  
Variant Selection ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Swiss German ◽  
The Third ◽  
German Dialects ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
Comparative Constructions ◽  
The One

Whereas in Standard High German (SHG) there is only one comparative particle, in Swiss German Dialects (SGD) different lexemes may fulfill the function of a comparative particle: (1) SHG: Sie ist grösser als ich SGD: Si isch grösser als / as / weder / wan / wie ig 'She is bigger than me' The present paper describes the geographical distribution of the comparative particles in the Swiss German area in contexts such as (1). Whereas in some small areas only one comparative particle is found, in the rest of the Swiss German speaking area several competing variants coexist. The data are taken from the third questionnaire of the Syntactic Atlas of Swiss German Dialects, where three different comparative constructions have been investigated. A sociolinguistic analysis of the data reveals differences in the use of the particles: On the one hand, older people tend to use only one comparative particle, whereas younger people show a higher degree of variation. Moreover, older people tend to use the particle weder, in contrast to younger people who tend to use the particle wie. On the other hand, higher educated people use more than one comparative particle, whereas less educated people tend to use one variant only. The analysis of two other constructions also shortly mentioned in the paper shows that syntactic factors have an impact on variant selection, too.

Lifestyle, Conflict-Solving Styles, and Exposure to Workplace Bullying

2016 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milda Perminiene ◽  
Roy M. Kern ◽  
Aidas Perminas
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Workplace Bullying ◽  
Social Interest ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Taking Charge ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. The present study identified direct and indirect relationships between lifestyle attributes and exposure to workplace bullying (via the conflict-solving styles of problem solving, compromising, yielding, and forcing). Our results demonstrated that being cautious, going along, and taking charge were positively directly related to exposure to workplace bullying. In addition, higher belonging/social interest was related to less exposure to bullying via more frequent use of problem solving and less frequent use of forcing. Higher being cautious was related to greater exposure to bullying via less frequent use of problem solving. Higher going along was related to greater bullying via more frequent use of forcing. On the one hand, higher taking charge and wanting recognition were related to greater exposure to bullying via more frequent use of forcing. On the other hand, they were also related to less bullying via more frequent use of problem solving. The results prompt the inclusion of situational moderators that would help us to identify when conflict-solving styles are used. The conflict-solving styles of compromising and yielding did not explain the indirect effects, so the findings highlighted the two key conflict-solving dimensions of problem solving and forcing which partially explained the mechanisms that underlie the relationship between lifestyle attributes and workplace bullying.

scholarly journals The plastico-viscous deformation of right circular cylinders of soft metal under variable load axially directed

1934 ◽  
Vol 233 (721-730) ◽  
pp. 217-245
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Circular Cylinders ◽  
Variable Load ◽  
Similar Nature ◽  
Viscous Deformation ◽  
Standard Of Comparison ◽  
Soft Metal ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Many ◽  
The One

1. Soft metals are of service to man in many ways, extended use following each advance in knowledge. The present investigation had its origin in an attempt to account analytically for the many apparently irreconcilable properties exhibited by right circular cylinders of soft copper when subjected to appreciable strain under heavy crushing loads. During the course of the work it became clear that if advance at all were to be made general methods of analysis would require to be adopted ; and that results forthcoming would be applicable to materials, of a similar nature, other than the one directly used as a standard of comparison. The presentation of the subject matter has accordingly been arranged to give prominence to theoretical and rational aspects, references to experiment being rather for comparison than for support to the argument. Two publications will be found of service in the present connection, the one illustrative of a cogent point in the theory, the other descriptive of practice. They will be referred to as I, and II, respectively.

Language variation and change in the formation of Greek superlative constructions

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-76
Author(s):  
Dimitra Melissaropoulou ◽  
Christos Papanagiotou
Keyword(s):  
Language Variation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Conceptual Category ◽  
Theoretical Level ◽  
Language Variation And Change ◽  
Dialectal Variation ◽  
Modern Greek ◽  
Comparative Constructions ◽  
The One

Abstract This paper addresses variation and change in the realization of superlative constructions in the light of the evidence provided by Modern Greek dialectal variation as a window into the study of the organization of grammar. Dialectal data show that analyticity prevails in the realization of relative comparative constructions, while absolute ones seem to resist more persistently due to their high relevance with another morphological category, evaluative intensification. Our findings argue in favour of the strong interplay among all three processes, viewed as realizations of the conceptual category of gradation, accounted for in terms of a continuum. The proposed organization captures the strong interplay between intensification and absolute superlatives on the one hand, while relative and absolute superlative formations on the other. On a theoretical level, this account could contribute further to important issues such as the controversial status of comparison and evaluation in grammar, which may differ cross-linguistically, suggesting that a combined account of the three processes might prove more adequate.

scholarly journals Category of Sacredness in the Discourse of the English Sermon (Theolinguistic Approach)

wisdom ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-26
Author(s):  
Nina KRAVCHENKO ◽  
Elena KARPENKO ◽  
Anna MATIIENKO-SILNYTSKA ◽  
Olga VASYLIEVA
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
Sacred Texts ◽  
Protestant Churches ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Secondary Form ◽  
The One ◽  
Everyday Communication

The present paper deals with the investigation of the category of sacredness of the English religious preaching discourse, considered from the standpoint of theolinguistics. It has been proved that being a secondary form of sacred texts the text of the sermon demonstrates frequent use of sacral vocabulary of different groups: narrow conceptual and terminological vocabulary, which has religious sense and meanings, borrowings from sacred texts (the so-called biblicalisms), and vocabulary of everyday communication, which in the context of preaching becomes religious, and is included in the semantic field of religion on this basis. Different perception of the nature and ways to realize the sermon in the Anglican and Neo-Protestant churches is manifested in the peculiarities of the attitude towards the sacrality of the Word. The process of desacralization of the sermon, recorded in the Neo-Protestant sermons, occurs due to the contrasting use of sacred vocabulary in a stylistically reduced context, on the one hand, and the use of profane vocabulary to nominate sacred phenomena, on the other.

scholarly journals Verbiprefiksid Salatsi liivi keeles

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 349-357
Author(s):  
Eberhard Winkler
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Written Texts ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
The One

Artikkel käsitleb Salatsi liivi verbiprefiksite esinemist Johann Andreas Sjögreni materjalide põhjal. Arvestades Kuramaa liivi vastavaid uurimusi ja asjaolu, et Sjögreni ajal oli Salatsi liivi juba väljasurev keel, oleks ootuspärane verbiprefiksite arvukas kasutus. Siiski analüüs osutab, et ühelt poolt ei ole verbiprefiksite hulk kuigi suur, teiselt poolt võib neid leida peamiselt kirjalikest tekstidest, mis on otse läti keelest liivi keelde tõlgitud: enamikul juhtudel esinevad verbiprefiksid Salatsi liivi keeles siis, kui need on ka läti keeles. Ühtlasi ilmneb, et verbiprefiksid on küll Salatsi liivis omaks võetud, kuid seda ainult vähesel määral.Abstract. Eberhard Winkler: Verb prefixes in Salaca Livonian. The article discusses the occurrence of Salaca Livonian verb prefixes based on Andreas Sjögren's data. Considering the relevant studies in Courland Livonian and the fact that Salaca Livonian was already a dying language at the time of Sjögren frequent use of verb prefixes would be expected. However, the analysis shows that on the one hand the use of verb prefixes is not very frequent, on the other hand they can mainly be found in written texts translated directly from Latvian to Livonian: in most cases the prefixes occur in Livonian when they are also presen in Latvian. Moreover, it appears that verb prefixes have been adopted in Salaca Livonian but only to a small extent.Keywords: verb prefixes; Livonian; Salaca Livonian; Courland Livonian

Note on Selection of Coordinate Systems for Geodynamics

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 395-407
Author(s):  
S. Henriksen
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
The Other ◽  
Coordinate Systems ◽  
Mean Sea Level ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The One ◽  
Static Systems ◽  
Selection Of

The first question to be answered, in seeking coordinate systems for geodynamics, is: what is geodynamics? The answer is, of course, that geodynamics is that part of geophysics which is concerned with movements of the Earth, as opposed to geostatics which is the physics of the stationary Earth. But as far as we know, there is no stationary Earth – epur sic monere. So geodynamics is actually coextensive with geophysics, and coordinate systems suitable for the one should be suitable for the other. At the present time, there are not many coordinate systems, if any, that can be identified with a static Earth. Certainly the only coordinate of aeronomic (atmospheric) interest is the height, and this is usually either as geodynamic height or as pressure. In oceanology, the most important coordinate is depth, and this, like heights in the atmosphere, is expressed as metric depth from mean sea level, as geodynamic depth, or as pressure. Only for the earth do we find “static” systems in use, ana even here there is real question as to whether the systems are dynamic or static. So it would seem that our answer to the question, of what kind, of coordinate systems are we seeking, must be that we are looking for the same systems as are used in geophysics, and these systems are dynamic in nature already – that is, their definition involvestime.

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