The relation between anti-hepatitis A virus antibodies and residence water access in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

2003 ◽  
Vol 206 (6) ◽  
pp. 575-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronir Raggio Luiz ◽  
Renan M.V.R. Almeida ◽  
Rosimary T. Almeida ◽  
Liz Maria de Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Water Access

scholarly journals Seasonal variation of hepatitis A virus infection in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

2002 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 289-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Livia Melo VILLAR ◽  
Vanessa Salete DE PAULA ◽  
Ana Maria Coimbra GASPAR
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Commercial Enzyme Immunoassay ◽  
National Reference Center ◽  
The City

Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection constitutes a major public health problem in Brazil. The transmission of HAV is primarily by fecal-oral route so the water is an important vehicle of HAV dissemination. There is a great incidence of acute cases of hepatitis A in some areas of Brazil however the seasonal variation of these cases was not documented. The aim of this study was to determine the seasonality of HAV infection in Rio de Janeiro. From January 1999 to December 2001, 1731 blood samples were collected at the National Reference Center for Hepatitis Viruses in Brazil (NRCHV). These samples were tested by a commercial enzyme-immunoassay to detect anti-HAV IgM antibodies. Yearly positive rates were 33.74% in 1999, 32.19% in 2000, and 30.63% in 2001. A seasonal variation was recognized with the highest incidence in spring and summer. Furthermore a seasonal increase in incidence of HAV infection was found during the rainy season (December to March) because the index of rains is very high. It is concluded that HAV infections occur all year round with a peak during hot seasons with great number of rains.

scholarly journals Molecular detection of hepatitis A virus in urban sewage in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

2007 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.M. Villar ◽  
V.S. de Paula ◽  
L. Diniz-Mendes ◽  
F.R. Guimarães ◽  
F.F.M. Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Urban Sewage

Detection of antibodies against hepatitis A virus in eluates of blood spotted on filter-paper: a pilot study in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

1999 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liz Maria de Almeida ◽  
Raymundo Soares Azevedo ◽  
Angélica Arpon Marandino Guimarães ◽  
Evandro da Silva Freire Coutinho ◽  
Claudio José Struchiner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus

scholarly journals The epidemiology of hepatitis A in Rio de Janeiro: environmental and domestic risk factors

2001 ◽  
Vol 127 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. ALMEIDA ◽  
G. L. WERNECK ◽  
S. CAIRNCROSS ◽  
C. M. COELI ◽  
M. C. E. COSTA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Risk Of Infection

A serological study of hepatitis A was carried out in low-income areas scheduled for a major sanitation programme in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Blood spots were collected by finger puncture and transported on filter paper, and total antibodies to hepatitis A virus were detected by ELISA. Households were also interviewed to collect information on their environmental conditions and socio-economic status. A generalized linear model using a complementary log–log function was fitted to the data, using the logarithm of age as an explanatory variable to derive adjusted rate ratios (RR). The risk of infection was greater among households with 2–3 members per room (RR = 1·4; 95% CI = 1·04–1·8) or more than three per room (RR = 1·5; 95% CI = 1·2–2·0). People living on hilltops (RR = 1·5; 95% CI = 1·02–2·2), near to open sewers (RR = 1·2; 95% CI = 1·03–1·5) or lacking a kitchen (RR = 1·4; 95% CI = 1·08–1·9) were also at greater risk than others. The number of taps and water-using fittings in the house was associated with a protective effect (RR = 0·9 for each tap; 95% CI = 0·9–0·98). A significant protective association was found with maternal education but not with gender or household income. The results do not suggest a strong association with water quality. Ownership of a ceramic water filter was associated with a protective effect on the margin of significance, but the practice of boiling drinking-water was not, nor was the type of water source used. The results suggest that that the risk of infection with hepatitis A is determined by environmental variables in the domestic and public domains.

Characterization of hepatitis A virus isolates from subgenotypes IA and IB in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

2001 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa S. de Paula ◽  
Marcia L. Baptista ◽  
Elisabeth Lampe ◽  
Christian Niel ◽  
Ana M.C. Gaspar
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Virus Isolates

Monitoring the hepatitis A virus in urban wastewater from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Prado ◽  
Tulio M. Fumian ◽  
Marize P. Miagostovich ◽  
Ana Maria C. Gaspar
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Urban Wastewater

scholarly journals Hepatitis A virus subgenotypes dissemination during a community outbreak in a surrounding region of Rio de Janeiro

2008 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 254-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Débora Regina Lopes dos Santos ◽  
Livia Melo Villar ◽  
Vanessa Salete de Paula ◽  
Gerson Silva de Lima ◽  
Ana Maria Coimbra Gaspar
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus

scholarly journals Hepatitis A seroprevalence in public school children in Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, prior to the introduction of the hepatitis A universal childhood vaccination

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charbell Miguel Kury ◽  
Marcelo Alves Pinto ◽  
Jaquelline Pereira da Silva ◽  
Oswaldo Gonçalves Cruz ◽  
Claudia Lamarca Vitral
Keyword(s):  
Skin Color ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Childhood Vaccination ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
White Skin ◽  
Total Prevalence ◽  
Janeiro State

Abstract: This cross-sectional study was carried out between August 2011 and July 2012 in the city of Campos dos Goytacazes in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Dried blood spot samples were collected on filter paper from 919 individuals between the ages of 1 and 19 and were tested for antibodies against the hepatitis A virus (anti-HAV). The total prevalence was 20.7%, while 94.7% of children under the age of 5 were found to be susceptible to HAV infection. The prevalence of anti-HAV increased with age, reaching 33.3% among individuals aged between 15 and 19, thereby indicating that this municipality has a low level of endemicity for hepatitis A. Age, non-white skin color, accustomed to swimming in the river and more than five people living at home were the factors that were associated with an increase in the chance of a positive anti-HAV result. Mother's education level (secondary or tertiary) was considered a protective factor for HAV infection. The data obtained showed that a large proportion of the children from Campos dos Goytacazes were at risk of HAV infection, which should be minimized with the introduction of the vaccination program against hepatitis A that was launched in the municipality in 2011.

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