Wastewater-fed aquaculture systems in Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam: status and trends.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pham Viet Huy Huynh
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Inner City ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Ho Chi Minh City ◽  
Nutrient Source ◽  
Water Spinach ◽  
Status And Trends ◽  
Rice Fish ◽  
The City

Abstract There are currently eight types of wastewater-fed aquaculture (WFA) systems in Ho Chi Minh City: seed production, fish-livestock, fish-water mimosa, fish-lotus, rice-fish, fish-only, water spinach, and fish-water spinach. Some utilize wastewater efficiently as a nutrient source, while some others have to control carefully the intake of wastewater. WFA has attracted farmers on their own initiative. Although it provides a living for a significant number of urban farmers and plays important roles in farmers' livelihoods, it is now under threat from the process of economic development of the city. The impacts of urbanization on former WFA sites in inner city zone of district 6 and district 8 where it is disappearing rapidly indicate what is likely to happen to current WFA sites in the city. Urbanization has also created livelihood uncertainties for farmers. The attraction of high prices of land and the impacts of urbanization projects are the main constraints, resulting in the decline in WFA areas. Pollution from uncontrolled and dispersed industrialization is another threat for WFA.

scholarly journals A possible solution for flood risk mitigation in Ho Chi Minh City and the lower Sai Gon-Dong Nai River Basin

2019 ◽  
pp. 114-123
Author(s):  
Cong San Dinh ◽  
Binh Duong Nguyen ◽  
Kim Dan Nguyen ◽  
Van-Thanh-Van Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Inner City ◽  
Heavy Rainfall ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
High Tide ◽  
Flood Mitigation ◽  
Ho Chi Minh City ◽  
Urban Flooding ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Tropical Depression

The Sai Gon-Dong Nai Basin plays a very important role in the socio-economic development of Vietnam. The area of Ho Chi Minh (HCM) City is about 2095 km2, 60% of which lying under 2 m above MSL. Its population is about 8.136 million. Economic development has led to flood-related problems. The causes of floods are monsoon rainfalls, high tides, and outflows from the Dau Tieng Reservoir, upstream of HCM City. This paper proposed a plausible solution for flood mitigation in HCM City by uplifting the Dau Tieng dam crest. This solution can be recommended based on the results of an extensive simulation study which used: (i) a statistical downscaling procedure for evaluating the climate change (CC) impacts on precipitations; (ii) the MARINE model for simulating the rainfall-runoff process; (iii) the Telemac2D model for simulating the inundation; and (iv) the GIS tool for representing the inundated areas under different CC scenarios. It was found that under the A2 scenario an increase of rainfall by 2050s and added 40% of this rainfall (assuming due to tropical depression), the maximum regulated discharges released from the Dau Tieng dam could reach 1650, 500 and 300 m3s−1 without any enhancement then with the dam enhancement of 1.0 and 1.5 m, respectively. As comparing to event occurred on July 21, 2009 due to the combined effect of a heavy rainfall and a high tide condition, the inner city flooding area increases by 1.2, 1.3 and 8.2% with the dam enhancement of 1.5, 1.0 m and without dam enhancement, respectively. Results of this study have therefore provided critical information for making a logical decision concerning the possibility of uplifting the height of the crest of the Dau Tieng dam to mitigate the urban flooding in HCM City under the threat of CC and sea level rise.

scholarly journals Micro Enterprises In Inner-City Communities: Current Challenges And Viability

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arup K. Sen
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Inner City ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Financial Assistance ◽  
Financial Factors ◽  
Controllable Factors ◽  
Exploratory Survey ◽  
The City ◽  
Micro Enterprises

Supporting micro enterprises within inner-city communities is a viable strategy to promote economic development, combat poverty, and alleviate social costs. Some authors suggest that micro entrepreneurship is essential to maintain a healthy economy within low-income communities. This paper is aimed at highlighting the profile and functioning of micro enterprises in inner-city Buffalo, New York with regards to aspects such as size, financial and non-financial assistance, goals and barriers experienced by micro entrepreneurs. Data from an exploratory survey of 100 micro enterprises suggest that micro entrepreneurs encounter several problems that impact negatively on their profitability and viability. The data also suggests that these entrepreneurs are constrained not only by financial factors but also non-controllable factors such as the economy of the city, availability of reliable labor, and insurance requirements. This paper concludes with a brief discussion of the implications of the survey findings for developing strategies to address issues facing micro enterprises in inner-city communities

Enterprise Development Programming in Partnership with Local Government, Science and Business. The Example of Rybnik

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 53-61
Author(s):  
Wojciech Kiljańczyk
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Development Programs ◽  
Enterprise Development ◽  
Entrepreneurship Development ◽  
Development Programming ◽  
Development Plans ◽  
Resources And Capabilities ◽  
The City

The article concerns the mechanisms of entrepreneurship development in partnership with local government, science and business. The author presents evidence that the sector partnership is crucial for the success of projects developing entrepreneurship in the local and regional perspective. Local government has the resources and capabilities to act as initiators of projects and programs supporting the economic development of the city or voivodeship. At the same time, representatives of local government units must use appropriate operational and management methods in the implementation of the policy of strengthening entrepreneurship. Inter-sectoral collaboration requires the application of organisational solutions allowing for the involvement of units in different fields and basing on various legislation. The author also indicates that the source of the competitive advantage of cities and regions may be the specialisation, as well as the commercialisation of knowledge and technology. In this case, the inter-sectoral partnership is crucial as it conditions the success of economic development programs in its social, economic and political sense. At the same time, the article describes the methods of building the inter-sectoral cooperation. As a basis for the appropriate use of the different potential of the cooperating participants, the authors indicated projects and programs embracing groups of projects. All this is worth being recognised within the framework of strategic documents, such as development plans, strategies, and other records used by local government agencies. The article uses the outcome of the participatory workshops during the preparation of the Rybnik Enterprise Development Program. The aim of the study is the verification of the assumption that the sectoral partnership is crucial to the processes of local and regional entrepreneurship development.

Analisis Wilayah Kecamatan Potensial Melalui Pendekatan Tipologi Klassen di Kabupaten Ende

Analisis ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-49
Author(s):  
Estherlina Sagajoka
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Spatial Inequality ◽  
Theil Index ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Entropy Index ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Index Analysis ◽  
The City

This study aims to determine the comparison of the results of the inequality analysis of economic development between districts / cities in the province of East Nusa Tenggara for the period of 2013-2018. The method used in this research is quantitative descriptive analysis using the Williamson index, and Theil Entropy Index, using time data per capita PDRB series and population data for each district / city in 2013-2018. The Williamson Index analysis results show that the economic development sector inequality in 21 districts in NTT province is very evenly distributed (low inequality) except for the city of Kupang, which has an Williamson Index value of 1.49 other than districts in NTT province in the period 2013-2018. The Intra Index Analysis Results show spatial inequality within the regency. The city of Nusa Tenggara Timur province is fairly evenly distributed within the regency except the city of Kupang  shows an unequal inequality compared to 21 other districts. Through the Theil Entropy Index calculation of development inequality between 21 regencies and Kupang  tend to widen (divergence) which has Theil  Index of 798,15, while the other 21 districts in the 2013-2018 period have the Theil Entropy Index Index 211,26 for Regencies and  TTS 201,11, while other districts have an index numberbelow 200.

Estimating the population size of people who inject drugs in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam: A two-survey capture-recapture exercise (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abu Abdul-Quader
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
People Who Inject Drugs ◽  
Care Service ◽  
Ho Chi Minh City ◽  
Size Estimation ◽  
Population Size Estimates ◽  
Capture Recapture ◽  
The City ◽  
Size Estimates

BACKGROUND Population size estimation of people who inject drugs (PWID) in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), Vietnam relied on the UNAIDS Estimation and Projection Package and reports from the city police department. The two estimates vary widely. OBJECTIVE To estimate the population size of people who inject drugs in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam METHODS Using Respondent-driven sampling (RDS), we implemented two-source capture-recapture method to estimate the population size of PWID in HCMC in 2017 in 7 out of 24 districts. The study included men or women aged at least 18 years who reported injecting illicit drugs in the last 90 days and who had lived in the city the past six months. We calculated two sets of size estimates, the first assumed that all participants in each survey round resided in the district where the survey was conducted, the second, used the district of residence as reported by the participant. District estimates were summed to obtain an aggregate estimate for the seven districts. To calculate the city total, we weighted the population size estimates for each district by the inverse of the stratum specific sampling probabilities. RESULTS The first estimate resulted in a population size of 19,155 (95% CI: 17,006–25,039). The second one generated a smaller population size estimate of 12,867 (95% CI: 11,312–17,393). CONCLUSIONS The two-survey capture-recapture exercise provided two disparate estimates of PWID in HCMC. For planning HIV prevention and care service needs among PWID in HCMC, both estimates may need to be taken into consideration together with size estimates from other sources.

Landscape and Ecology

2020 ◽  
pp. 342-368
Author(s):  
Daniel M. Grimley
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Cultural Transformation ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Musical Thought ◽  
The Social ◽  
Representational Practice ◽  
Raymond Williams ◽  
The City ◽  
Privileged Site

Images of landscape lie at the heart of nineteenth-century musical thought. From frozen winter fields, mountain echoes, distant horn calls, and the sound of the wind moving among the pines, landscape was a vivid representational practice, a creative resource, and a privileged site for immersion, gothic horror, and the Romantic sublime. As Raymond Williams observed, however, the nineteenth century also witnessed an unforeseen transformation of artistic responses to landscape, which paralleled the social and cultural transformation of the country and the city under processes of intense industrialization and economic development. This chapter attends to several musical landscapes, from the Beethovenian “Pastoral” to Delius’s colonial-era evocation of an exoticized American idyll, as a means of mapping nineteenth-century music’s obsession with the idea of landscape and place. Distance recurs repeatedly as a form of subjective presence and through paradoxical connections with proximity and intimacy.

scholarly journals Scenario Analyses of Exhaust Emissions Reduction through the Introduction of Electric Vehicles into the City

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 2030
Author(s):  
Marianna Jacyna ◽  
Renata Żochowska ◽  
Aleksander Sobota ◽  
Mariusz Wasiak
Keyword(s):  
Inner City ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Scenario Analyses ◽  
High Emission ◽  
Clean Air ◽  
The One ◽  
The City

In recent years, policymakers of urban agglomerations in various regions of the world have been striving to reduce environmental pollution from harmful exhaust and noise emissions. Restrictions on conventional vehicles entering the inner city are being introduced and the introduction of low-emission measures, including electric ones, is being promoted. This paper presents a method for scenario analysis applied to study the reduction of exhaust emissions by introducing electric vehicles in a selected city. The original scenario analyses relating to real problems faced by contemporary metropolitan areas are based on the VISUM tool (PTV Headquarters for Europe: PTV Planung Transport Verkehr AG, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany). For the case study, the transport model of the city of Bielsko-Biala (Poland) was used to conduct experiments with different forms of participation of electric vehicles on the one hand and traffic restrictions for high emission vehicles on the other hand. Scenario analyses were conducted for various constraint options including inbound, outbound, and through traffic. Travel time for specific transport relations and the volume of harmful emissions were used as criteria for evaluating scenarios of limited accessibility to city zones for selected types of vehicles. The comparative analyses carried out showed that the introduction of electric vehicles in the inner city resulted in a significant reduction in the emission of harmful exhaust compounds and, consequently, in an increase in the area of clean air in the city. The case study and its results provide some valuable insights and may guide decision-makers in their actions to introduce both driving ban restrictions for high-emission vehicles and incentives for the use of electric vehicles for city residents.

scholarly journals Anchoring the social economy at the metropolitan scale: Findings from the Liverpool City Region

Urban Studies ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 004209802097265
Author(s):  
Matthew Thompson ◽  
Alan Southern ◽  
Helen Heap
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Social Economy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
City Region ◽  
Anchor Institutions ◽  
Urban Economic Development ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Economies ◽  
The City

This article revisits debates on the contribution of the social economy to urban economic development, specifically focusing on the scale of the city region. It presents a novel tripartite definition – empirical, essentialist, holistic – as a useful frame for future research into urban social economies. Findings from an in-depth case study of the scale, scope and value of the Liverpool City Region’s social economy are presented through this framing. This research suggests that the social economy has the potential to build a workable alternative to neoliberal economic development if given sufficient tailored institutional support and if seen as a holistic integrated city-regional system, with anchor institutions and community anchor organisations playing key roles.

Cities and Economic Development: Does the City Limits Story Still Apply?

2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 327-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Basolo ◽  
Chihyen Huang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
The City

scholarly journals The Political Stakes of Academic Research: Perspectives on Johannesburg

2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivor Chipkin
Keyword(s):  
Inner City ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Equality ◽  
Research Perspectives ◽  
Shift Analysis ◽  
Demographic Shifts ◽  
The City ◽  
Political Question

Abstract:This article considers a burgeoning literature on Johannesburg from the perspective of the sorts of questions it asks about the city. There is a substantial and lively literature on questions of poverty and equality, class and race. These studies are strongly informed by the idea that the mechanisms that produce such inequalities are key to understanding the nature of Johannesburg as a city: in terms of how its economy works and how political institutions function, but also in terms of what sort of city Johannesburg is and can be. I consider sociological and economic studies of the inner city that try to account for demographic shifts in the inner city and for processes of social and physical degeneration. I review urban anthropologies of inner-city society, considering in particular new forms of social and economic organization among inner-city residents. Related to these, I discuss debates among scholars about the prospects for governing the city, paying special attention to the consequences for such readings on partnerships. I also discuss an emerging literature, critical of that above, which seeks to shift analysis of the city toward studies of culture and identity. These literatures do not simply approach the city through different disciplinary lenses (sociology or economy or anthropology or cultural studies) . They come to their studies from different normative perspectives. For some, the key political question of the day is one about social and political equality in its various forms. For others, it is about the degree to which Johannesburg (or Africa) is different from or the same as other places in the world. This paper has tried to bring to the fore the political (and not simply policy) consequences of these different views. It concludes not by seeking to reconcile these perspectives, but by suggesting a way of retaining a commitment to equality and justice while not reducing them simply to questions of economy. At stake, I argue, are questions of democratic culture and of sociability.

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