Vac systems in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cu Thien Pham
Keyword(s):  
Silver Carp ◽  
Mekong Delta ◽  
Ctenopharyngodon Idella ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Intensity Level ◽  
Hypophthalmichthys Molitrix ◽  
High Input ◽  
Water Spinach ◽  
Low Input ◽  
By Products

Abstract VAC systems are an integration of garden (vuon), pond (ao) and animal pen (chuong). VAC farming systems can be classified into different types on the basis of the uses and intensity level of orchard and pond. Fruit trees include citrus, longan, mango and sapodilla, and vegetables include cassava, centella, sweet potato and water spinach. Livestock are poultry and/or pigs. A fish polyculture is practised with species such as silver barb (Barbonymus gonionotus), Indian major carps (mrigal, Cirrhinus cirrhosus, and rohu, Labeo rohita), silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix), grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), giant gourami (Osphronemus goramy), river catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus), hybrid catfish (Clarias macrocephalus × C. gariepinus), common carp (Cyprinus carpio), kissing gouramy (Helostoma temminckii) and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Pig manure is commonly used as fertilizer for crops while rice by-products are mainly used to feed the livestock. Major inputs for ponds are on-farm resources (crop residue, grass, fallen fruit, rice by-products, human waste, poultry manure, urine and washing from the pig sty) for the low input systems, and off-farm feeds (trash fish, fish meal, golden snail) for medium and high input aquaculture systems. Fish production is below 2 t ha-1 year-1 in the low input and 2-10 t ha-1 year-1 for medium and high input aquaculture.In general, VAC farming in the Mekong Delta is practised in a medium farm with an average pond area ranging from 500 to 1,000 m2, producing fish at less than 1 t yr-1, of which about 250 kg is for family consumption and the surplus, if any, for sale is insignificant. As VAC still has many problems and constraints, an appropriate way to develop VAC farming in the Mekong Delta is to provide farmers with farm component technologies and management knowledge.

Modern features of aquaculture of cyprinids in the republic of Iraq

2020 ◽  
pp. 6-14
Author(s):  
Farhan Yasin Hamed ◽  
Adelia Zakirovna Anokhina ◽  
Natalia Viktorovna Sudakova ◽  
Damelya Kazhigalievna Magzanova
Keyword(s):  
Silver Carp ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Pond Water ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Bighead Carp ◽  
Ctenopharyngodon Idella ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Hypophthalmichthys Molitrix ◽  
Fish Farms

It is shown that the leading role in the aquaculture of Iraq belongs to Cyprinids, which account for over 80 % of all fish farming production. The most widespread in the country are four main world species of carp aquaculture: common carp (Cyprinus carpio), grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis). Basically, the traditional technology of growing Cyprinids in ponds is used, which includes the main fish farming processes: care of broodstock to prepare them for spawning, collecting eggs and milt, eggs fertilization and incubation of embryos, raising juveniles and marketable fish. Currently, there are about 2 thousand private fish farms, which have ponds of various sizes from 4 to 100 hectares. Cultivation of Cyprinids in Iraq is carried out mainly by extensive methods: the use of the natural food base of reservoirs with low fish stocking density in polyculture. The fish productivity of ponds varies greatly in different fish farms from 1,5 to 6 t/ha, which is due to economic reasons. The data on changes in the temperature of pond water during the year and hydrochemical indicators are given, which shows favorable conditions for Cyprinids rearing. Information on the use of compound feeds for growing carp in ponds is provided, and data on the composition and nutritional value of the feed used. The fish culture indicators for the main biotechnical processes of the rearing of four Cyprinid species in Iraq are described in detail. In the conclusion, it is indicated that for the effective development of aquaculture in Iraq, government support is needed in the form of a developed long-term program and legislative acts.

scholarly journals Status of Chinese Carp Fisheries in Tunisian Freshwater Reservoirs: Threats and Opportunities

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (10) ◽  
pp. 945-953
Author(s):  
Sami Mili ◽  
Rim Ennouri ◽  
Manel Fatnassi ◽  
Tahani Chargui ◽  
Hajer Zarrouk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Aquatic Vegetation ◽  
Silver Carp ◽  
Bighead Carp ◽  
Ctenopharyngodon Idella ◽  
Hypophthalmichthys Molitrix ◽  
Artificial Breeding ◽  
Canal Systems ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Technical Centre

The current paper aims to diagnose the state of fisheries of three Chinese carp species whish have been introduced in Tunisian reservoirs since 1981: (silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, herbivorous carp Ctenopharyngodon idella and bighead carp Aristichthys nobilis) and seeks to study the benefits and risks associated with their introduction. Chinese carps cannot reproduce naturally in freshwater reservoirs. Eventually, artificial breeding operations and seeding of the dams with farm-produced fry are carried out by the Technical Centre of Aquaculture every year. Statistical analyses have shown a strong correlation between the landed quantity and the number of fries stocked each year. The impact assessment showed that the risks and benefits associated with the introduction of the three species are variable. Regarding their benefits, it was clear that the herbivorous carp has provided effective and sustainable control of the extensive development of aquatic vegetation in the eutrophic reservoirs and canal systems. The value of the other two species, though, remains less obvious, particularly for the bighead carp. The consequences of their introduction on ecosystems and native species seem to be negligible, especially when the densities are low. Eventually, it seems judicious to increase the stocking of the herbivorous carp, silver carp and bighead carp in Tunisian reservoirs.

Cage fish culture in lakes of Pokhara Valley, Nepal.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhav Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Silver Carp ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Bighead Carp ◽  
Ctenopharyngodon Idella ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Hypophthalmichthys Molitrix ◽  
Support Programme ◽  
Steady Rate ◽  
Cage Aquaculture ◽  
Pokhara Valley

Abstract Pokhara valley is situated at the southwestern part of Kaski district in west Nepal. Although the valley is comprised of eight large and small lakes, cage culture is predominant in Begnas, Phewa and Rupa Lakes. A vulnerable fisher community known as pode or jalari living around the lakes of Pokhara Valley is among several ethnic groups whose livelihood is entirely dependent on fishing in these water bodies. A livelihood support programme for rehabilitation through creation of employment and income generation for this deprived community through subsistence cage aquaculture was initiated in 1972 in the lakes of the valley. Since then cage aquaculture has grown at a steady rate and at present 21,650 m3 of cages exist in these water bodies which produced an estimated 88.4 t of fish in 2004 to support the livelihoods of the 109 fisher families. Floating cages using four bamboo poles in a square as a float are popular in the fishers group. Mainly two species of carp are popular for culture in cages: bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis) and silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix). Occasionally, other species are also stocked with bighead and silver carp such as rohu (Labeo rohita) as a biological cleaning agent to reduce fouling of the cage. The grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) is also cultured in Lake Phewa on a small scale and is fed with grass. Average production of cages in Begnas, Phewa and Rupa Lakes is 3, 4.2 and 3.2 kg m-3 year-1, respectively.

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