scholarly journals The effects of intravenous infusions of triglycerides on the composition of milk fat in the sow

1970 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 269-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Witter ◽  
J. Spincer ◽  
J. A. F. Rook ◽  
K. G. Towers
Keyword(s):  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Palmitoleic Acid ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Eicosenoic Acid ◽  
Plasma Triglycerides ◽  
Palmitic Acid Content ◽  
Lactating Sows

1. Emulsions with egg phosphatides of nine synthetic triglycerides (tributyrin, tricaprylin, tripelargonin, tricaprin, trilaurin, trimyristin, tripahitin, triisostearin, triolein) and of rapeseed oil and a proprietary emulsion of cottonseed oil were given as continuous infusions into the jugular vein of lactating sows. The effects of the infusions on the concentration and composition of blood plasma lipids and on the composition of milk fat were determined.2. The infusions did not affect the concentrations in blood plasma of cholesterol, phospholipid or cholesterol esters, but there was a tendency for the concentration of plasma triglycerides to be increased which was most pronounced for the infusions of longer-chain triglycerides. The fatty acid composition of the plasma triglycerides was not altered by the infusion of tributyrin, except that there was an increase in the content of oleic and a decrease in that of linoleic acid. With other infusions the composition of the plasma triglycerides was altered towards that of the infused material and the effect was more marked for the longer-chain triglycerides, with the exception of triisostearin.3. The changes in the composition of the milk fat reflected those in the composition of plasma triglycerides, with two exceptions. The infusion of tripalmitin was associated with an increase not only in the palmitic acid content of milk fat but also in the palmitoleic acid content. Also, the changes in the content in milk fat of eicosenoic acid and, more especially of erucic acid during the infusion of rapeseed oil were much less than the corresponding changes in the plasma triglycerides.

DEPOSITION OF ERUCIC ACID IN SWINE TISSUE LIPIDS

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 713-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. WALKER
Keyword(s):  
Erucic Acid ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Palmitoleic Acid ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Eicosenoic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Analysis ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Tissue Lipids ◽  
Swine Tissue

Swine were maintained for 6 weeks on practical corn–soy diets containing 10% corn oil (Zea mays) or 10% rapeseed oil (Brassica napus). Tissue lipids were extracted and subjected to fatty acid analysis. Erucic acid deposition was greatest in plasma and adipose tissue lipids, accounting for more than 7% of the total fatty acids. In the spleen, adrenal, erythrocyte, and heart, 22:1 comprised 3–5% of the total acids, whereas in the ovary, liver, kidney, and testis, only 1–3% was found. Eicosenoic acid was present in approximately the same concentration as erucic acid in most tissues. Generally, more oleic and palmitoleic acid and less linoleic acid occurred in the tissues from pigs receiving rapeseed oil. There was no marked influence of dietary fat on tissue polyunsaturated acids.

STUDIES ON THE MECHANISMS BY WHICH ERUCIC ACID AFFECTS CHOLESTEROL METABOLISM: DISTRIBUTION OF ERUCIC ACID IN ADRENAL AND PLASMA LIPIDS

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 1115-1122 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. K. Carroll
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Erucic Acid ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Eicosenoic Acid ◽  
Lipid Classes ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Cholesterol Esters ◽  
Plasma Triglycerides

The effect of dietary erucic acid on the fatty acid composition of cholesterol ester, triglyceride and phospholipid fractions of rat adrenal, and plasma has been determined. Lipid classes were separated by chromatography on Florisil and their component fatty acids were determined by gas–liquid chromatography. Erucic acid was found in large amounts in adrenal cholesterol esters and in moderate amounts in adrenal and plasma triglycerides. Only small amounts were found in plasma cholesterol esters or the phospholipids of either adrenals or plasma. Eicosenoic acid was observed in some cases and the level of oleic acid was increased in most lipid classes of both tissues. This indicated partial stepwise oxidation of erucic acid. The increase in adrenal cholesterol caused by feeding erucic acid appears to be due primarily to accumulation of cholesterol erucate.

scholarly journals The effects of intravenous infusions of cod-liver and soya-bean oils on the secretion of milk fat in the cow

1969 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Storry ◽  
A. J. Hall ◽  
B. Tuckley ◽  
D. Millard
Keyword(s):  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Blood Lipids ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Cod Liver Oil ◽  
Fatty Acid Production ◽  
Plasma Triglycerides ◽  
Intravenous Infusions ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Oleic And Linoleic Acids

1. The effects of intravenous infusions of emulsified cod-liver oil, Ethive (British Codliver Oils (Hull & Grimsby) Ltd; ethyl ester fraction of cod-liver oil rich in polyunsaturated acids) and soya-bean oil on the secretion of milk fat and the composition of blood lipids in the dairy cow were investigated.2. Soya-bean oil increased the yield of total fat, by increasing the secretion of unsaturated C18 acids in milk and also increased the proportions of oleic and linoleic acids in the blood plasma triglycerides.3. Cod-liver oil and Ethive both decreased the yield of total fat and the yields of C14 to C18 acids but had no effect on the yields of C4 to C12 acids in milk. Although the emulsions contained considerable quantities of C20 to C22 acids, which were incorporated into the blood plasma triglycerides, these acids were not secreted in the milk fat.4. It is concluded that, if the polyunsaturated C20 and C22 acids in cod-liver oil are not hydrogenated in the rumen before their absorption from the digestive tract, they can act directly on the mammary gland, possibly through the inhibition of lipoprotein lipase, to reduce the secretion of long-chain acids in milk. In addition, cod-liver oil may have an indirect effect, through changed volatile fatty acid production in the rumen, on the secretion of short-chain acids in milk.

Metabolism of cod-liver oil in relation to milk fat secretion

1972 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. Brumby ◽  
J. E. Storry ◽  
J. D. Sutton
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Lipoprotein Lipase ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
High Density ◽  
Plasma Lipoproteins ◽  
Lipase Hydrolysis ◽  
Density Plasma

SummaryThe effects of daily supplements of 300 g native and 2 hydrogenated cod-liver oils (CLO) to the diets of lactating cows have been examined. Native CLO supplements increased the proportion of propionate and decreased the proportion of acetate in the rumen and also decreased the yields in milk of fatty acids synthesized within the mammary gland and those derived from plasma triglycerides. These effects were reduced or eliminated when the hydrogenated oils were given instead of the native CLO. With all 3 supplements about 15% of the dietary C20and C22acids was secreted in milk.Both native and hydrogenated CLO supplements increased the concentrations of the cholesteryl ester and phospholipid components of the α-lipoproteins in the blood plasma. These components contained most of the C20and C22acids of the CLO supplements that were incorporated into the blood plasma lipids. With the native CLO supplement about half of the C20and C22acids present in the blood plasma were polyunsaturated.There were no differences in the effectiveness of high-density plasma lipoproteins as activators of triglyceride emulsions for lipoprotein lipase hydrolysis whether the lipoproteins were from cows receiving the native or the hydrogenated CLO supplements or the control diets. Significant rates of hydrolysis by lipoprotein lipase could not be demonstrated using as substrates low- or high-density plasma lipoproteins or activated emulsions of their extracted lipids.Additional in vitro experiments using activated triglyceride emulsions as substrates for mammary lipoprotein lipase showed that replacement of a soybean oil emulsion by an emulsion of native CLO reduced the rate of hydrolysis considerably, whereas an emulsion of hydrogenated CLO was without effect unless it was present at levels in excess of 50%.It is concluded that the change in rumen fermentation induced by the polyunsaturated fatty acids of CLO is implicated in the decreased intramammary synthesis of fatty acids, but that additional information is required before the reason for the reduced mammary uptake of plasma fatty acids can be established.

STUDIES ON THE MECHANISMS BY WHICH ERUCIC ACID AFFECTS CHOLESTEROL METABOLISM: DISTRIBUTION OF ERUCIC ACID IN ADRENAL AND PLASMA LIPIDS

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 1115-1122 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. K. Carroll
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Erucic Acid ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Eicosenoic Acid ◽  
Lipid Classes ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Cholesterol Esters ◽  
Plasma Triglycerides

The effect of dietary erucic acid on the fatty acid composition of cholesterol ester, triglyceride and phospholipid fractions of rat adrenal, and plasma has been determined. Lipid classes were separated by chromatography on Florisil and their component fatty acids were determined by gas–liquid chromatography. Erucic acid was found in large amounts in adrenal cholesterol esters and in moderate amounts in adrenal and plasma triglycerides. Only small amounts were found in plasma cholesterol esters or the phospholipids of either adrenals or plasma. Eicosenoic acid was observed in some cases and the level of oleic acid was increased in most lipid classes of both tissues. This indicated partial stepwise oxidation of erucic acid. The increase in adrenal cholesterol caused by feeding erucic acid appears to be due primarily to accumulation of cholesterol erucate.

Rapeseed Oil and Sunflower Oil Diets Enhance Platelet In Vitro Aggregation and Thromboxane Production in Healthy Men when Compared with Milk Fat or Habitual Diets

1992 ◽  
Vol 67 (03) ◽  
pp. 352-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marja Mutanen ◽  
Riitta Freese ◽  
Liisa M Valsta ◽  
Irma Ahola ◽  
Antti Ahlström
Keyword(s):  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Collagen Concentration ◽  
Aggregation Pattern ◽  
Thromboxane Production ◽  
Low Erucic Acid ◽  
Platelet Thromboxane

SummaryIn this highly controlled trial, 26 normolipidemic men (average age 28 years, range 18 to 60) were fed a baseline diet high in milk fat (MF) (fat 36% of energy, saturates 19%, monounsaturates 11%, polyunsaturates 4%), followed by a diet high in sunflower oil (SO) (fat 38% of energy, saturates 13%, monounsaturates 10%, polyunsaturates 13%) and another diet high in low erucic-acid rapeseed oil (RO) (fat 38% of energy, saturates 12%, monounsaturates 16%, polyunsaturates 8%). All diets were mixed natural diets with the same cholesterol contents. The baseline milk fat diet was given for 14 days and the oil diets for 24 days in a blind cross-over design. The platelet in vitro aggregation (slope %/min) induced by 1, 2 and 3 pM ADP and collagen (25 pg/ml PRP) was highly significantly (p <0.001) increased after both oil diets when compared with the results from the milk fat diet. The aggregation pattern determined by threshold collagen concentration confirmed increased collagen sensitivity of the platelets after the rapeseed oil diet (p <0.001). The enhancement of platelet aggregation was associated with increased in vitro platelet thromboxane production after the oil diets vs. the milk fat diet (p <0.05 after the sunflower oil diet and p <0.001 after the rapeseed oil diet).

EFFECTS OF DIET ON THE COMPOSITION OF BODY FAT IN AGRIA AFFINIS (FALLÉN)

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Barlow
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Palmitoleic Acid ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nutritional Adequacy

When larvae of the parasitic fly Agria affinis (Fallén) were reared on fatty acid free diets, the characteristically high palmitoleic acid content of the body fats was much increased. Oleic acid in the diet was effective in reducing this, but not so effective as a mixture of fatty acids. The body fats still contained unusually high proportions of palmitic, palmitoleic, and oleic acids even when a mixture of fatty acids was fed. These observations are related to earlier observations on the nutritional adequacy of various fatty acids.

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