scholarly journals Changes in the distribution of copper and molybdenum after Mo administration and subsequent additional oral or intraperitoneal Cu administration to rats

1982 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Nederbragt
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Qualitative Difference ◽  
Inbred Rats ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Gastro Intestinal Tract ◽  
Minor Extent

1. Male WAG/Cpb inbred rats fed on rations containing 1·5 mg copper/kg (deficient) and 6·0 mg Cu/kg (adequate) were supplemented with molybdenum (500 mg/kg diet). Starting at week 0 rats were killed weekly for up to 6 weeks and the caeruloplasmin activity of plasma, the Cu concentration of plasma, liver and kidney and the Mo concentration of liver and kidney were determined. The experiment was repeated with rats fed on diets of the same composition but given additional Cu for periods of 2 weeks. Cu was given orally by increasing dietary Cu to 6·0 mg/kg and 25·0 mg/kg for Cu-deficient and Cu-adequate rats respectively or intraperitoneally by injecting 75 μg and 250 μg every second day to Cu-deficient and Cu-adequate rats respectively.2. After Mo administration to Cu-deficient rats plasma and kidney Cu and liver and kidney Mo increased but caeruloplasmin activity and liver Cu decreased. In Cu-adequate rats plasma, liver and kidney Cu and liver and kidney Mo increased to much higher levels than in Cu-deficient rats. Caeruloplasmin activity was not affected. Fluctuations in plasma Cu and kidney Mo were correlated closely.3. No qualitative difference between the effect of oral or intraperitoneal Cu administered to Mo-treated Cu-deficient or Cu-adequate rats was found. In Cu-deficient Mo-supplemented rats additional Cu increased plasma Cu, caeruloplasmin activity and liver and kidney Cu and Mo. In Cu-adequate Mo-supplemented rats additional Cu decreased plasma Cu and liver and kidney Mo and increased caeruioplasmin activity and kidney Cu and, to a minor extent, liver Cu.4. In view of the assumption that in rats a Cu, Mo and S containing compound, related to Cu-thiomolybdate, may be formed in vivo the results suggest thai Cu binds to the Mo-S part of the compound; when this compound is formed in the gastro-intestinal tract it can not be absorbed and when it is formed at systemic sites it changes the Cu distribution.

The effects of graded levels of dietary tannin on the epithelial tissue of the gastro-intestinal tract and liver and kidney masses of Boer goats

2002 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 579-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. R. Mbatha ◽  
C. T. Downs ◽  
I. V. Nsahlai
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Epithelial Tissue ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Boer Goats ◽  
Gastro Intestinal Tract ◽  
Different Levels

AbstractThis study was conducted to determine the effects of different levels of dietary tannin on gastrointestinal tract (GIT) histology and on liver and kidney masses. Five groups of Boer goats were given diets containing 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 g/kg of tannin for 6 weeks before data collection. Differences in the histopathology of the oesophagus, reticulum, rumen, omasum, abomasum and duodenum were evaluated. Increased dietary tannin levels induced thickening and/or keratinization of epithelial tissue in the reticulum, rumen, omasum and abomasum. Increased tannin levels also resulted in a loss of epithelial cells, erosion of microvilli and shortened villi height in the duodenum, which could impair the absorption of nutrients. Consequently, condensed tannins had a negative effect on the histopathology of the Boer goats.

scholarly journals A Review on the Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Pomegranate in the Gastrointestinal Tract

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Colombo ◽  
Enrico Sangiovanni ◽  
Mario Dell'Agli
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Gastro Intestinal Tract ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

Several biological activities of pomegranate have been widely described in the literature, but the anti-inflammatory effect in the gastrointestinal tract has not been reviewed till now. The aim of the present paper is to summarize the evidence for or against the efficacy of pomegranate for coping with inflammatory conditions of the gastro-intestinal tract. The paper has been organized in three parts: (1) the first one is devoted to the modifications of pomegranate active compounds in the gastro-intestinal tract; (2) the second one considering the literature regarding the anti-inflammatory effect of pomegranate at gastric level; (3) the third part considers the anti-inflammatory effect of pomegranate in the gut.In vivostudies performed on the whole fruit or juice, peel, and flowers demonstrate antiulcer effect in a variety of animal models. Ellagic acid was the main responsible for this effect, although other individual ellagitannins could contribute to the biological activity of the mixture. Different preparations of pomegranate, including extracts from peels, flowers, seeds, and juice, show a significant anti-inflammatory activity in the gut. No clinical studies have been found, thus suggesting that future clinical studies are necessary to clarify the beneficial effects of pomegranate in the gastrointestinal tract.

Bioavailability and Biological Disposition of Methaqualone*

1974 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert D Smyth ◽  
Pramod B Chemburkar ◽  
P P Mathur ◽  
A F DeLong ◽  
A Polk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
In Vitro Dissolution ◽  
Elimination Kinetics ◽  
Solid Dosage ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Gastro Intestinal Tract

The absorption of methaqualone from the gastro-intestinal tract is a dissolution—and not a permeability-rate limited process. Absorption from solution dosage forms can occur throughout the gastro-intestinal tract with maximum absorption from the intestine. Dissolution of solid dosage forms is favoured in the highly-acidic environment of the stomach and absorption of the in situ dissolved drug occurs in both stomach and upper small intestine. Methaqualone is found primarily in the plasma phase of whole blood and is highly bound to plasma proteins. The plasma elimination curve is biexponential with a rapid distributive phase and a slow elimination phase. The principle tissues of distribution are the metabolic and excretory tissues—liver and kidney — and lipid tissue. Metabolism occurs by hydroxylation of the methyl, tolyl and quinazolinone substituents via inducible hepatic microsomal oxidoreductases. Methaqualone is completely bio-transformed and excreted as O-glucuronide conjugates in urine and bile. Enterohepatic recirculation of metabolites occurs and is responsible for the prolonged urinary excretion profile. There is no change in absorption, distribution or elimination kinetics following chronic administration in man. Tablet and capsule formulations with good in vitro dissolution, stability and bioavailability characteristics were developed. Equivalent bioavailability of these tablet formulations was observed in the fasted and post-prandial state. Techniques were developed to correlate dissolution and absorption profiles of these formulations.

scholarly journals In vivotransfer of an R factor within the lower gastro-intestinal tract of sheep

1977 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Adult Sheep ◽  
Resistance Determinants ◽  
R Factor ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Gastro Intestinal Tract

SUMMARYThe transfer of an R factor from donorE. coliintroduced into the rumen of adult sheep to strains of the coliform microflora resident post rumen in the lower gastro-intestinal tract was found to be greatly increased when the animals were subjected to a short period of starvation (ca. 24–48 h). This also resulted in coliform organisms containing the resistance determinants of the R factor being excreted for much longer periods, sometimes for months afterwards. As no antibiotic treatment was given to the animals during these experiments, possession of the R factor should have conferred no selective advantages on the host cells and other plasmids could possibly be transferred similarlyin vivoin sheep or other ruminants and perhaps also within the gut of monogastric animals.

Metabolism of ropivacaine in humans is mediated by CYP1A2 and to a minor extent by CYP3A4: An interaction study with fluvoxamine and ketoconazole as in vivo inhibitors*

1998 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 484-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Arlander ◽  
Gunilla Ekström ◽  
Christina Alm ◽  
Juan Antonio Carrillo ◽  
Margareta Bielenstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interaction Study ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Minor Extent

Thiamine and Zinc in Prevention or Therapy of Lead Intoxication

1989 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. S. Flora ◽  
S. Singh ◽  
S. K. Tandon
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Lead Exposure ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Aminolevulinic Acid ◽  
Lead Toxicity ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Lead In Blood ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Gastro Intestinal Tract ◽  
Dehydratase Activity

Thiamine, zinc or their combination given through gastric gavage were investigated for their ability to prevent or treat experimental lead toxicity in rats. Simultaneous dietary supplementation with thiamine plus zinc was found to be the most effective way of reducing the lead-induced inhibition of δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity in blood, urinary excretion of δ-aminolevulinic acid and accumulation of lead in blood, liver and kidney. Prevention was more effective than post-lead exposure treatment which may be due mainly to the decrease in the absorption of lead in the gastro-intestinal tract in the presence of thiamine and/or zinc.

ISOMERIZATION OF VITAMIN A IN VIVO

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 1469-1474 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. K. Murray ◽  
D. W. Stainer ◽  
J. A. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Subcutaneous Dose ◽  
Liver And Kidney

Pure all-trans and neovitamin A alcohol were administered orally to young, vitamin-A-deficient rats and the vitamin A and proportion of neovitamin A in the intestinal tract, liver and kidney were measured. In both cases considerable isomerization occurred in the stomach and the resulting mixture of isomers appeared to be absorbed by the intestine. The dose of all-trans vitamin A was taken up by the intestine more quickly than was the neovitamin A dose. An oral or subcutaneous dose of neovitamin A resulted in a relatively high proportion of neovitamin A in the liver but this proportion decreased during depletion to that found after a dose of all-trans vitamin A. The proportion of neovitamin A varied inversely with the size of dose of all-trans vitamin A and directly with the size of dose of neovitamin A. The significance of these results is discussed.

SOME STUDIES ON THE BIOSYNTHESIS OF ALDOSTERONE AND OTHER ADRENAL STEROIDS

1960 ◽  
Vol XXXIII (I) ◽  
pp. 27-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Ayres ◽  
J. Eichhorn ◽  
O. Hechter ◽  
N. Saba ◽  
J. F. Tait ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zona Glomerulosa ◽  
Adrenal Steroids ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Minor Extent ◽  
Major Sequence

ABSTRACT It has been established in bovine capsule strippings, consisting mainly of zona glomerulosa tissue, that labeled progesterone, deoxycorticosterone and corticosterone are all converted to radioactive aldosterone. Analysis of the data indicates that at least 50 % of the aldosterone produced is derived from corticosterone; under certain conditions, with the addition of high concentrations of corticosterone, the percentage pathway is at least 92 % Progesterone studied at varying concentrations under similar conditions of incubation is a major precursor of both aldosterone and corticosterone; there is some possibility that aldosterone may be formed, to a minor extent, via a pathway not involving progesterone. Labeled deoxycorticosterone is also converted to aldosterone, and it seems likely, though not established by the present studies, that it is the intermediate between progesterone and corticosterone; thus the major sequence appears to be progesterone → deoxycorticosterone → corticosterone → aldosterone. Although the precursors of progesterone have not been demonstrated in incubations with capsule strippings, it has been found that homogenates prepared mainly from zone glomerulosa tissue can convert cholesterol to corticosterone and hence presumably to aldosterone. The route between cholesterol and corticosterone probably involves progesterone but this has not been established. The significance of these findings in relation to in vivo results has been briefly discussed.

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