scholarly journals Plasma proteins in growing analbuminaemic rats fed on a diet of low-protein content

1989 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 485-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Joles ◽  
E. H. J. M. Jansen ◽  
C. A. Laan ◽  
N. Willekes-Koolschijn ◽  
W. Kortlandt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Plasma Protein ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Colloid Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Plasma Protein Concentration ◽  
Low Protein

1. Analbuminaemic and Sprague-Dawley (control) rats were fed on low- (60 g/kg) protein and control (200 g protein/kg) dietsad lib.from weaning. Males and females were studied separately. Body-weight and plasma protein concentrations were determined at 10 d intervals from 25 to 75 d of age. Electrophoresis of plasma proteins was performed in samples from day 75. Extracellular fluid volume was measured at 10 d intervals from day 45 onwards. Colloid osmotic pressure was measured in plasma and interstitial fluid (wick technique) at the start and end of the trial.2. Body-weight increased much less on the low-protein diet than on the normal diet in both strains and sexes. The growth retardation was slightly more pronounced in the male analbuminaemic rats than in the male Sprague-Dawley controls.3. Plasma protein concentration increased during normal growth in all groups, particularly in the female analbuminaemic rats. This increase was reduced by the 60 g protein/kg diet in all groups, with the exception of the male analbuminaemic rats.4. Differences in plasma colloid osmotic pressure were similar to those seen in plasma protein concentration. Interstitial colloid osmotic pressure was higher in the control rats than in the analbuminaemic ones. The interstitial colloid osmotic pressure increased during growth in the control but not in the analbuminaemic rats. The difference in interstitial colloid osmotic pressure between the strains was maintained during low-protein intake, but at a lower level than during normal protein intake.5. Subtracting interstitial from plasma colloid osmotic pressure, resulted in a rather similar transcapillary oncotic gradient in the various groups at 75 d, both on the control protein diet (11–14 mmHg), and on the lowprotein diet (9–11 mmHg).6. All protein fractions were reduced to a similar extent by the low-protein diet in the control rats, whereas in the analbuminaemic rats protein fractions produced in the liver were more severely depressed.7. Extracellular fluid volume as a percentage of body-weight was similar in all groups, and decreased with increasing age.8. In conclusion, the analbuminaemic rats were able to maintain the transcapillary oncotic gradient on both diets by reducing the interstitial colloid osmotic pressure. Oedema was not observed.9. Despite the absence of albumin, the protein-malnourished analbuminaemic rat is no more susceptible to hypoproteinaemia and oedema than its normal counterpart.

scholarly journals RECIPROCAL CHANGES IN PLASMA PROTEIN AND PLASMA ACACIA AS RESULT OF HIGH AND LOW PROTEIN DIETS

1950 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Knutti ◽  
J. B. Goetsch ◽  
R. A. Warrick
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Plasma Protein ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
The Body ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Plasma Protein Concentration ◽  
Gum Acacia ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Low Protein

Dogs were made hypoproteinemic by repeated injections of gum acacia, and the acacia injections were discontinued. Diets of varying protein content were then given. When a high protein diet is provided the plasma protein concentration increases; with a low protein diet, or under conditions of fasting, the plasma protein concentration diminishes. Similarly, plasma acacia concentration shows increases and decreases which are reciprocal to the protein variations. Total circulating plasma protein and total circulating plasma acacia show similar changes. In all instances total circulating colloid (acacia plus protein) concentration adds up to an amount within normal limits for protein alone. The results indicate that under these conditions, acacia stored in the body (principally in the liver) can be removed from its site of deposit and returned to the blood. The data also show that dogs in which acacia is deposited in large quantities, require a larger amount of protein in the diet to maintain a constant plasma protein content than do normal dogs. It appears that the mechanism for maintenance of peripheral colloidal material may be dependent on differences in intracellular and extracellular colloidal osmotic pressure. The experiments also support the idea that plasma protein molecules, as well as gum acacia, may pass in and out of cells through the cell membranes.

Chronic effects of hyperproteinemia on blood volume and lymph protein concentration

1992 ◽  
Vol 262 (4) ◽  
pp. H937-H941 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Manning
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Colloid Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Plasma Sodium ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Plasma Protein Concentration ◽  
Autologous Plasma

The long-term effects of hyperproteinemia on blood volume and lymph protein concentration were studied in six conscious dogs over a 17-day period. Plasma protein concentration (PPC) was increased by daily intravenous infusion of approximately 300 ml of previously collected autologous plasma. By day 17 PPC had increased 2.4 g/dl, and plasma colloid osmotic pressure had increased 51%; however, blood volume was not changed. Also, at this time sulfate space, an index of extracellular fluid volume, had increased 12%, prenodal lymph protein concentration had increased from 1.6 to 5.1 g/dl, mean arterial pressure was unchanged, circulating protein mass was increased, and plasma sodium concentration was decreased slightly. In conclusion, the increase in lymph protein concentration during hyperproteinemia may indicate that interstitial fluid protein concentration also increased. This, in turn, would help to prevent any increase in the transcapillary colloid osmotic pressure gradient and thus attenuate any changes in blood volume.

scholarly journals LOW PROTEIN DIET AUGMENTS HYPERPROTEINEMIA PRODUCED BY REPEATED INJECTIONS OF HOMOLOGOUS PLASMA

1942 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 519-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell L. Holman
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Protein ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein Diet ◽  
Average Increase ◽  
Plasma Protein Concentration ◽  
Intravenous Injections ◽  
Low Protein

1. In 4 dogs maintained on a high protein diet (lean meat) repeated intravenous injections of plasma obtained from healthy donor dogs (18 to 24 injections during the course of 3 to 4 weeks, totalling 1595 to 4355 cc.—averaging 1800 cc. when figured on thc basis of a 5 kg. dog) resulted in a mean increase in the plasma protein concentration of 20 per cent (from 7.1 per cent to 8.5 per cent). 2. In 7 dogs maintained on a low protein diet (only 7 per cent of total caloric value derived from protein) almost identical injections of donor's plasma caused an average increase in the plasma protein concentration of 40 per cent (from 6.7 per cent to 9.4 per cent). 3. The albumin:globulin ratio in the group on the low protein diet showed an average fall of 30 per cent (from 1.4 to 0.9) while in the group on the high protein diet the change in this ratio was insignificant (from 1.3 to 1.2). 4. In all dogs in both groups there was a consistent fall in the hematocrit value of about 15 to 20 per cent (from 49 to 40, or 18 per cent) which can be explained in part at least by the increase in plasma volume of about 15 per cent. 5. There were no significant changes in body weight or in plasma N.P.N.

Effects of hypoproteinemia on blood volume and arterial pressure of volume-loaded dogs

1990 ◽  
Vol 259 (5) ◽  
pp. H1317-H1324
Author(s):  
R. D. Manning
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Plasma Protein ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Control Period ◽  
Plasma Protein Concentration ◽  
Autologous Plasma ◽  
Protein Mass

Studies were performed in 14 conscious, anephric dogs to clarify the role of blood volume in the genesis of hypertension. The dogs were splenectomized and had plasma protein concentration (PPC) reduced to 2.7 g/dl by daily plasmapheresis for 9 days. This hypoproteinemia resulted in a 20% decrease in both blood volume and mean arterial pressure. On the 10th day the dogs were nephrectomized. On the 11th day after a 3-h control period with plasmapheresis, lactated Ringer equivalent to 10 or 20% of body weight was intravenously infused. By 25 h postinfusion blood volume had not increased, and the dogs were still hypotensive. At 25 h plasma protein mass was returned to normal by intravenous infusion of autologous plasma, the average blood volume of the three low PPC groups increased approximately 50%, and the arterial pressure increased greater than 60%. The decrease in PPC shifted the regression of blood volume on sodium space down the blood volume axis. In conclusion, the dependence of arterial pressure on blood volume was demonstrated by the decrease in both blood volume and arterial pressure after PPC reduction, the constancy of blood volume and pressure during Ringer infusion, and the increase in both volume and pressure after plasma infusion.

Hypoproteinemia and recovery from edema in dogs

1988 ◽  
Vol 254 (6) ◽  
pp. F887-F894
Author(s):  
J. A. Joles ◽  
H. A. Koomans ◽  
W. Kortlandt ◽  
P. Boer ◽  
E. J. Dorhout Mees
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Protein ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Renal Plasma Flow ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Colloid Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein Diet ◽  
Sodium Balance ◽  
Low Protein

We studied the effects of hypoproteinemia following 12 days of repeated plasmapheresis and low-protein diet on sodium balance, fluid volumes, and renal hemodynamics in six conscious dogs on 50 mmol sodium intake. Measurements during hypoproteinemia were obtained during a 5-day recovery period starting 20 h after the final plasmapheresis session, with continued low-protein diet. During the plasmapheresis period sodium was retained. Sodium balance became negative on the first recovery day when plasma protein was 29 +/- 1 g/l (control 60 +/- 2 g/l, P less than 0.01), and plasma colloid osmotic pressure (COP) was 9 +/- 1 mmHg (control 22 +/- 1 mmHg, P less than 0.01). Subcutaneous fluid COP was lowered from 14 +/- 1 to 4 +/- 1 mmHg (P less than 0.01). Blood volume, plasma renin activity, and aldosterone were unchanged. Glomerular filtration rate and effective renal plasma flow were slightly reduced (NS), and filtration fraction was unchanged. After a second plasmapheresis period in three of the dogs, plasma protein fell to 26 +/- 1 g/l and COP to 7 +/- 1 mmHg. Now sodium was retained on the first day after stopping plasmapheresis, and renin and aldosterone were high. The next day, when plasma protein was again 29 +/- 1 g/l and COP 8 +/- 1 mmHg, these three dogs were able to completely excrete an infusion of 130 mmol sodium. These data suggest that the level of plasma COP below which dogs on a medium-sodium intake would retain sodium averages 8 mmHg, which is considerably lower than generally thought.

An alternate method for estimating efferent arteriolar plasma colloid osmotic pressure

1985 ◽  
Vol 248 (3) ◽  
pp. F444-F448
Author(s):  
A. I. Wolfert ◽  
L. A. Laveri ◽  
D. E. Oken
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Colloid Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Plasma Protein Concentration ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Arterial Plasma ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
Protein Measurement ◽  
Native Plasma

The colloid osmotic pressure (COP) of efferent arteriolar plasma in glomerular dynamic studies generally is estimated from the measured protein concentration (CE) while the nephron filtration fraction (SNFF) is derived from CE and the systemic plasma protein concentration (CA) according to the equation SNFF = (1 - CA/CE). Estimates of both SNFF and COPE are quite sensitive to small errors in protein measurement, however, with a putative coefficient of variation of +/- 5% in protein measurement at a typical SNFF of 0.33, for example, providing an uncertainty (i.e., +/- SD) of +/- 14% in the SNFF estimate and +/- 2.4 mmHg in the estimated COPE value. In this study, we evaluated in vitro the precision with which the COP of plasma samples can be estimated after ultrafiltration by coupling direct oncometry of native plasma with isotopically measured filtration fractions derived employing nanoliter and microliter volumes and applying a modification of the equation of Ladegaard-Pedersen (Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest. 23: 153-158, 1969). The measured and estimated oncotic pressures were then compared. The mean differences between theoretic and measured COP values at filtration fractions of less than 0.1, 0.1-0.2, 0.2-0.3 and greater were: -0.4 +/- 0.8 (SE) (n = 22); 1.8 +/- 1.1; 3.9 +/- 1.0; and 6.0 +/- 1.7%, respectively. It is concluded that the coupling of direct oncometric measurement of arterial plasma colloid osmotic pressure with isotopically determined filtration fractions provides a satisfactory estimate of COPE that is suitable for studies of glomerular dynamics.

scholarly journals LIVER FUNCTION AND BLOOD PLASMA PROTEIN FORMATION

1937 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 455-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Knutti ◽  
C. C. Erickson ◽  
S. C. Madden ◽  
P. E. Rekers ◽  
G. H. Whipple
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Plasma Protein ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Vegetable Protein ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
The Other ◽  
Food Proteins ◽  
Plasma Protein Concentration ◽  
Daily Diet

Normal dogs and two Eck fistula dogs, receiving a daily diet containing an average of 1 gm. of vegetable protein per kilo of body weight, showed after average intervals of 7 to 9 weeks, slight decreases in amounts of circulating plasma protein (Table 21). A third Eck fistula dog under similar circumstances was unable to maintain its plasma protein concentration above the edema level. This dog by biopsy was shown to have an abnormal liver and the evidence indicated that the other organs were normal. The animal showed active thirst and diuresis as compared with controls (Table 25). This Eck fistula dog had less than one-tenth the capacity of the normal dog to form new plasma protein when various food proteins were added to the basal diet, and no significant quantitative differences in the relative potency of these foods (liver, kidney, heart muscle, soy bean, salmon) could be distinguished (Table 22). It appears that the liver abnormality is responsible for this abnormal reaction. This observation gives strong support to the thesis that the liver is actively concerned with fabrication of new plasma protein.

Effects of plasma- and cell-free perfusates on filtration coefficient of perfused canine lungs

1985 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 1521-1527 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Rippe ◽  
M. I. Townsley ◽  
A. E. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Complete Removal ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
Colloid Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Filtration Coefficient ◽  
Plasma Protein Concentration ◽  
The Difference

The filtration coefficient (Kf,c) of the microvessels in isolated dog lungs were studied for whole and diluted blood, whole and diluted plasma, Tyrode's solution, and Tyrode's plus dextran (4%, 63,000 mol wt) perfusates. When whole blood and plasma were diluted, Kf,c increased abruptly at a plasma protein concentration between 4 and 5 g/l, an effect which was not dependent on the erythrocyte mass. Both Tyrode's and Tyrode's plus dextran produced increases in Kf,c (60 and 30%, respectively). The difference in Kf,c measured between these latter perfusates was completely abolished when Kf,c were corrected for viscosity differences. Thus the pulmonary microvasculature responds similarly to the systemic circulation in that complete removal of plasma proteins from the perfusate increases Kf,c by 50%. This effect is independent of erythrocyte mass or colloid osmotic pressure of the perfusate, since perfusion with dextran solutions alone also increased Kf,c.

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