Pythium butleri. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1964 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Waterhouse
Keyword(s):  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Foot Rot ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Citrullus Vulgaris ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Ginger Rhizome

Abstract A description is provided for Pythium butleri. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Capsicum annuum, Carica papaya, Citrullus vulgaris, Cucumis pepo, Lycopersicon esculentum, Nicotiana tabacum, Phaseolus vulgaris, Ricinus communis (on inoculation), Zingiber officinalis. DISEASES: Foot rot of papaw; soft rot of ginger rhizome; damping-off of tobacco, tomato and chill); cottony rot of cucurbits (plants and fruits) and stem and pod rot of string-bean. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Equatorial and West); Asia (India) and North America (U.S.A.). TRANSMISSION: Soil-borne but may be propagated in diseased planting material in the case of ginger rhizomes.

Pythium intermedium. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1964 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Waterhouse
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Crop Plants ◽  
Foot Rot ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract A description is provided for Pythium intermedium. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On a wide range of hosts represented by the following families: Begoniaceae, Bromeliaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Compositae, Coniferae, Cruciferae, Euphorbiaceae, Geraniaceae, Gramineae, Leguminosae, Liliaceae, Linaceae, Moraceae, Onagraceae, Ranunculaceae, Rosaceae, Solanaceae, Ulmaceae, Violaceae; also in the Equisetales and Filicales. DISEASES: Damping-off of seedlings, foot rot and root rot of ornamentals, occasionally of crop plants and trees. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia (China); Australia & Oceania (Hawaii); Europe (England, Belgium, France, Germany, Holland, Sweden, U.S.S.R.); North America (U.S.A.); South America (Argentina). TRANSMISSION: A common soil inhabitant.

Botrytis allii. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1974 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Seed Transmission ◽  
Grey Mould ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Leaf Blast ◽  
Inoculum Sources ◽  
Botrytis Allii

Abstract A description is provided for Botrytis allii. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Various species of Allium. DISEASE: Causes grey mould neck rot of onion bulbs in storage and is associated with a leaf blast of seedlings. Scales in the neck region of diseased bulbs shrivel as a brown soft rot develops. As the rotting zone spreads down into the bulb a grey mass of spores and mycelia develops beneath the shrivelled dead scales. A similar rot may also start at the sides or base of bulbs. Botrytis allii may also cause or aggravate leaf blast or damping-off of young seedlings in which other species of Botrytis are involved and may attack flowers (45, 1594). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Europe, N. America, N. and E. Africa, Australia, S.E. Asia (CMI Map 169, ed. 2, 1966). Additional countries since include many in S.E. Asia and Middle East (S. Vietnam, Korea, Taiwan, Nepal, Iran, Israel, Jordan, Afghanistan, Saudi Arabia, Rumania) N. Africa (Morocco), Central and South America (Guatemala, Costa Rica, Panama, Venezuela, Chile). TRANSMISSION: Mostly by air-borne conidia, which are produced from diseased bulbs and leaves from infected plant debris and sclerotia. These inoculum sources are largely soil-borne, and seed transmission also occurs (Noble & Richardson, Phytopathological Paper 8, 1968).

Xanthomonas pisi. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Saddler
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Artificial Inoculation ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Vigna Angularis ◽  
Dark Green ◽  
Soil Level

Abstract A description is provided for Xanthomonas pisi. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Pisum sativum (Leguminosae); by artificial inoculation: Brassica oleracea (Brassicaceae), Nicotiana tabacum (Solanaceae), Phaseolus vulgaris, Trifolium spp., Vicia faba and Vigna angularis (Leguminosae). DISEASE: Stem rot of pea. The disease attacks stems or stipules at the soil level, rapidly extending upwards. On stems and stipules lesions appear primarily dark green and water-soaked. Lesions turn brown and papery with age; sometimes a chlorotic halo is evident. Leaflets and petioles are also attacked, frequently the base of leaflets adjoining the petioles become brown, papery and wither. By artificial inoculation isolates are strongly pectolytic, causing soft rot in vegetable tissues such as those from Allium cepa, Daucus carota, Rhaphanus sativus and Solanum tuberosum. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: ASIA: Japan. TRANSMISSION: Not known.

Setosphaeria rostrata. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1978 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. H. Anahosur
Keyword(s):  
Central America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Primary Infection ◽  
Foot Rot ◽  
Ear Rot ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Seedling Blight ◽  
Stalk Rot ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Leaf Spots

Abstract A description is provided for Setosphaeria rostrata. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On graminicolous hosts and on Amaryllis, Carica, Cucumis, Jasminum, Nicotiana and from soil. DISEASE: Causes leaf spots, foot rot of wheat (56, 2446), seedling blight of Cynodon (46, 2051), leaf blight of Eleusine (46, 1263), damping-off of sugarcane seedlings (50, 1562l), stalk rot (53, 2167) and ear rot of maize, blackening of seeds and seed germination failure (34, 91; 51, 2435). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Mauritius, Nigeria, S. Africa, Sudan); Asia (China, India, Israel, Pakistan); Central America (Puerto Rico); Europe (Denmark); North America (USA). TRANSMISSION: The fungus is soil-borne and can survive saprophytically for a long period (43, 398). Also seed transmissible (51, 2435). Conidia are produced abundantly in moist conditions and are dispersed by wind and rain, and act as a source of primary infection. Many grasses and weeds act as collateral hosts (39, 321).

Pythium deliense. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1966 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Waterhouse
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Tomato Seedlings ◽  
Hibiscus Esculentus

Abstract A description is provided for Pythium deliense. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Hibiscus esculentus, Lycopersicon esculentum, Nicotiana tabacum and Saccharum officinarum. Also on Capsicum annuum, Carica papaya, Cucumis sativus, Cucurbita pepo, Datura fastuosa, Petunia sp. and Solanum melongena on inoculation (Rangaswami, 1959; Herb. IMI). DISEASE: Causing damping-off of tomato seedlings, stem-burn of tobacco and fruit rot of okra. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia (Indonesia, Sumatra) and Australasia & Oceania (Australia, New Guinea, Papua); North America (? United States); Central America & West Indies (? N˜caragua). TRANSMISSION: Soil-borne.

Pythium myriotylum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1966 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Waterhouse
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Aerial Mycelium ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Ananas Comosus ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Pythium Myriotylum

Abstract A description is provided for Pythium myriotylum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Ananas comosus, Arachis hypogaea, Carica papaya, Citrullus vulgaris, Cucumis sativus, Lycopersicon esculentum, Medicago sativa, Nicotiana tabacum, Oryza sativa, Phaseolus vulgaris, Robinia pseudoacacia, Solanum melongena, Zingiber officinale. DISEASES: Damping-off of seedlings including tobacco, black locust and watermelon; seedling root rot of lucerne, papaw and tomato; soft rot of ginger rhizomes and fruit rot of watermelon, cucumber and eggplant. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Common only in warm climates: Africa (Madagascar, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, South Africa); Asia (Ceylon, India, Sumatra); Australasia (Australia); North America (U.S.A.). TRANSMISSION: Soil-borne. Incidence reported highest in virgin soil containing abundant decomposing organic matter (37: 244). Spread by aerial mycelium under conditions of high humidity (10: 210). Transport over long distances on ginger rhizomes has been reported (22: 197).

Mycosphaerella pinodes. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1972 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Punithalingam
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
New Records ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Mycosphaerella Pinodes ◽  
Foot Rot ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Tap Root ◽  
Tropical Areas ◽  
Saprophytic Ability

Abstract A description is provided for Mycosphaerella pinodes. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Pisum sativum, Lathyrus, Phaseolus and Vicia. DISEASE: Leaf, stem and pod spot and foot rot of pea (Pisum sativum). Lesions on the above-ground parts begin as very small purplish spots which enlarge and becoming more or less zonate and dark brown without a definite margin; they may be circular or irregular in shape with a darker centre. Infection spreads via the petiole to the stem causing girdling lesions; the tap root and proximal parts of the lateral roots can be attacked. Flowers become spotted and pods poorly filled. Infection leads to post-emergence and pre-emergence damping-off, death or dwarfing of older plants and discoloration and shrinkage of seed. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread, especially in temperate and sub-tropical areas (CMI Map 316, ed. 2, 1967). New records not yet mapped are: Ethiopia, Greece, Haiti, Iraq, Lebanon, Mexico, Salvador. TRANSMISSION: By water (conidia), air (ascospores), soil and host debris (in which M. pinodes survives between crops) and through seed. Chlamydospores and sclerotia occur and, in the soil, conidia can be transformed into the former. There is some saprophytic ability (20: 441; 44, 2658; 47, 1721; 48, 1389).

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Brayford
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South America ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Basal Rot ◽  
Japanese Bunching Onion ◽  
Bunching Onion ◽  
Local Dispersal

Abstract A description is provided for Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Allium cepa L. (onion, shallots), A. sativum L. (garlic) (see notes below concerning F. oxysporum f.sp. garlic), A. fistulosum L. (Japanese bunching onion), A. chinense G. Don (rakkyo); Asparagus (68, 2953); Oxalis spp. (56, 1835). DISEASE: Basal rot of bulbs. Damping off of seedlings. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: Egypt, Ethiopia, South Africa, Zambia. Australasia: India, Israel, Japan, Philippines, Tasmania. Europe: Greece, Hungary, Italy. North America: USA. South America: Brazil. TRANSMISSION: Via seed, infected planting material or movement of soil. Local dispersal is by slimy micro- and macroconidia moved by water flow and splash droplets.

Ascochyta pisi. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1972 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Punithalingam
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
New Records ◽  
Mycosphaerella Pinodes ◽  
Foot Rot ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Basal Stem Rot ◽  
Leaf Lesion ◽  
Ascochyta Pisi ◽  
Stem Lesions ◽  
Effective Spread

Abstract A description is provided for Ascochyta pisi. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Pisum, Lathyrus and Vicia. DISEASE: Leaf, stem and pod spot of pea (Pisum sativum) and other legumes. The leaf lesion is somewhat light brown with a darker, frequently prominent, margin and pale centre. Stem lesions, rather sunken, are less abundant than in Mycosphaerella pinodes (CMI Descript. 340). Ascochyta pisi (causing post-emergence and pre-emergence damping-off and dwarfing) is essentially an above-ground pathogen and, although a basal stem rot may be found, the characteristic foot rot syndrome caused by M. pinodes does not occur. Primary lesions often form on the first leaves. Pod infection can lead to aborted seed or a range of other damage to seed. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread (CMI Map 273, ed. 3, 1971). New records not yet mapped are: Crete, Egypt, Haiti. TRANSMISSION: By water, through conidia, from host debris and seed (20: 441; 37: 258; 44, 2658); viability in seed was 6 yr (17: 427). Effective spread in soil is unlikely since A. pisi has a low saprophytic ability and chlamydospores are rare or absent (48, 1389, 1390).

Pythium mamillatum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1966 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Waterhouse
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Central African Republic ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Papaver Somniferum ◽  
Ananas Comosus ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Citrullus Vulgaris ◽  
Viola Tricolor

Abstract A description is provided for Pythium mamillatum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Ageratum houstonianum, Agrostis stotonifera, Allium cepa, Ananas comosus, Antirrhinum majus, Aquilegia caerulea, Avena sativa, Beta vulgaris, Brassica nigra, B. oleracea, Citrullus vulgaris, Collinsia bicolor, Cucumis sativus, Festuca duriuscula, Geum chiloense, Gossypium sp., Linum usitatissimum, Medicago sativa, Papaver somniferum, Pelargonium spp., Pisum sativum, Saccharum officinarum, Triticum aestivum, Viola tricolor and in soil. Also on algae (Cladophora sp., Glorocapsa sp.) on inoculation. DISEASE: Causes damping-off of seedlings and root rot of various hosts including the following crops, cauliflower, cotton, cocumber, flax, lucerne, mustard, oats, onion, pineapple, sugar beet, sugarcane and wheat. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Central African Republic); Australasia & Oceania (Australia, Hawaii); Europe (Germany, Great Britain, Netherlands, Sweden); North America (U.S.A.). TRANSMISSION: Soil-borne. Abundant in sandy nursery soils (44, 52). The pathogen has a restricted role as a pioneer colonizer of cultivated soil, surviving in organic matter as hyphal resting bodies (Barton, 1961). Oospore germination in response to exudates from living seedlings has also been demonstrated (Barton, 1957).

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