scholarly journals Influence of dietary components on development of the microbiota in single-stomached species

2006 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Bauer ◽  
Barbara A Williams ◽  
Hauke Smidt ◽  
Rainer Mosenthin ◽  
Martin W. A Verstegen
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Promoting Effect ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Carbohydrate Fermentation ◽  
Dietary Components ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Fermentable Carbohydrates ◽  
Gain Access

AbstractAfter birth, development of a normal microbial community occurs gradually, and is affected by factors such as the composition of the maternal gut microbiota, the environment, and the host genome. Diet also has a direct influence, both on composition and activity of this community. This influence begins with the milk, when specific components exert their growth-promoting effect on a beneficial microbiota, thereby suppressing potential pathogens. For example, breast-fed infants compared with formula-fed babies usually have a microbial community dominated by bifidobacteria. When solid food is introduced (weaning), dramatic changes in microbial composition occur, so pathogens can gain access to the disturbed gastrointestinal (GI) ecosystem. However, use of specific dietary components can alter the composition and activity of the microbiota positively. Of all dietary components, fermentable carbohydrates seem to be most promising in terms of promoting proliferation of beneficial bacterial species. Carbohydrate fermentation results in the production of SCFA which are known for their trophic and health-promoting effects. Fermentation of proteins, on the other hand, is often associated with growth of potential pathogens, and results in production of detrimental substances including NH3and amines. In terms of the GI microbiota, lipids are often associated with the antimicrobial activity of medium-chain fatty acids and their derivatives. The present review aims to provide deeper insights into the composition and development of the neonatal GI microbiota, how this microbiota can be influenced by certain dietary components, and how this might ultimately lead to improvements in host health.

scholarly journals Effect of Pyroligneous Acid on the Microbial Community Composition and Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria (PGPB) in Soils

Soil Systems ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Anithadevi Kenday Sivaram ◽  
Logeshwaran Panneerselvan ◽  
Kannappar Mukunthan ◽  
Mallavarapu Megharaj
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Pyroligneous Acid ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting

Pyroligneous acid (PA) is often used in agriculture as a plant growth and yield enhancer. However, the influence of PA application on soil microorganisms is not often studied. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the effect of PA (0.01–5% w/w in soil) on the microbial diversity in two different soils. At the end of eight weeks of incubation, soil microbial community dynamics were determined by Illumina-MiSeq sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons. The microbial composition differed between the lower (0.01% and 0.1%) and the higher (1% and 5%) concentration in both PA spiked soils. The lower concentration of PA resulted in higher microbial diversity and dehydrogenase activity (DHA) compared to the un-spiked control and the soil spiked with high PA concentrations. Interestingly, PA-induced plant growth-promoting bacterial (PGPB) genera include Bradyrhizobium, Azospirillum, Pseudomonas, Mesorhizobium, Rhizobium, Herbaspiriluum, Acetobacter, Beijerinckia, and Nitrosomonas at lower concentrations. Additionally, the PICRUSt functional analysis revealed the predominance of metabolism as the functional module’s primary component in both soils spiked with 0.01% and 0.1% PA. Overall, the results elucidated that PA application in soil at lower concentrations promoted soil DHA and microbial enrichment, particularly the PGPB genera, and thus have great implications for improving soil health.

Structural changes in gut microbiome after Ramadan fasting: a pilot study

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-233
Author(s):  
C. Ozkul ◽  
M. Yalinay ◽  
T. Karakan
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Microbial Community Analysis ◽  
Intermittent Fasting ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Ramadan Fasting ◽  
Significant Difference

It has been largely accepted that dietary changes have an effect on gut microbial composition. In this pilot study we hypothesised that Ramadan fasting, which can be considered as a type of time-restricted feeding may lead to changes in gut microbial composition and diversity. A total of 9 adult subjects were included in the study. Stool samples were collected before (baseline) and at the end of the Ramadan fasting (after 29 days). Following the construction of an 16S rRNA amplicon library, the V4 region was sequenced using the Illumina Miseq platform. Microbial community analysis was performed using the QIIME program. A total of 27,521 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) with a 97% similarity were determined in all of the samples. Microbial richness was significantly increased after Ramadan according to observed OTU results (P=0.016). No significant difference was found in terms of Shannon index or phylogenetic diversity metrics of alpha diversity. Microbial community structure was significantly different between baseline and after Ramadan samples according to unweighted UniFrac analysis (P=0.025). LEfSe analysis revealed that Butyricicoccus, Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium, Roseburia, Allobaculum, Eubacterium, Dialister and Erysipelotrichi were significantly enriched genera after the end of Ramadan fasting. According to random forest analysis, the bacterial species most affected by the Ramadan fasting was Butyricicoccus pullicaecorum. Despite this is a pilot study with a limited sample size; our results clearly revealed that Ramadan fasting, which represents an intermittent fasting regime, leads to compositional changes in the gut microbiota.

scholarly journals Growth-Promoting Effect of Cava Lees on Lactic Acid Bacteria Strains: A Potential Revalorization Strategy of a Winery By-Product

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1636
Author(s):  
Salvador Hernández-Macias ◽  
Oriol Comas-Basté ◽  
Anna Jofré ◽  
Sara Bover-Cid ◽  
M. Luz Latorre-Moratalla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Starter Cultures ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Promoting Effect ◽  
Microbial Counts ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting

The growing trend of circular economy has prompted the design of novel strategies for the revalorization of food industry by-products. Cava lees, a winery by-product consisting of non-viable cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae rich in β-glucans and mannan-oligosaccharides, can be used as a microbial growth promoter, with potential food safety and health applications. The aim of this study was to assess in vitro the effect of cava lees on the growth of 21 strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) species commonly used as starter cultures and/or probiotics. Firstly, 5% of cava lees was selected as the most effective amount for enhancing microbial counts. After screening different LAB, statistically significantly (p < 0.05) higher microbial counts were found in 12 strains as a consequence of cava lees supplementation. Moreover, a greater and faster reduction in pH was observed in most of these strains. The growth-promoting effects of cava lees on LAB strains supports the potential revalorization of this winery by-product, either to improve the safety of fermented products or as a health-promoting prebiotic that may be selectively fermented by probiotic species.

Xyloglucan- and cello-oligosaccharides: Antagonists of the growth-promoting effect of H+

1990 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ester P. Lorences ◽  
Gordon J. McDougall ◽  
Stephen C. Fry
Keyword(s):  
Promoting Effect ◽  
Growth Promoting

Modulation of Gut Microbiota through Dietary Phytochemicals as a Novel Anti-infective Strategy

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 498-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavan K. Mujawdiya ◽  
Suman Kapur
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Quorum Sensing ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Chemical Interaction ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Gut Microbes

: Quorum Sensing (QS) is a phenomenon in which bacterial cells communicate with each other with the help of several low molecular weight compounds. QS is largely dependent on population density, and it triggers when the concentration of quorum sensing molecules accumulate in the environment and crosses a particular threshold. Once a certain population density is achieved and the concentration of molecules crosses a threshold, the bacterial cells show a collective behavior in response to various chemical stimuli referred to as “auto-inducers”. The QS signaling is crucial for several phenotypic characteristics responsible for bacterial survival such as motility, virulence, and biofilm formation. Biofilm formation is also responsible for making bacterial cells resistant to antibiotics. : The human gut is home to trillions of bacterial cells collectively called “gut microbiota” or “gut microbes”. Gut microbes are a consortium of more than 15,000 bacterial species and play a very crucial role in several body functions such as metabolism, development and maturation of the immune system, and the synthesis of several essential vitamins. Due to its critical role in shaping human survival and its modulating impact on body metabolisms, the gut microbial community has been referred to as “the forgotten organ” by O`Hara et al. (2006) [1]. Several studies have demonstrated that chemical interaction between the members of bacterial cells in the gut is responsible for shaping the overall microbial community. : Recent advances in phytochemical research have generated a lot of interest in finding new, effective, and safer alternatives to modern chemical-based medicines. In the context of antimicrobial research various plant extracts have been identified with Quorum Sensing Inhibitory (QSI) activities among bacterial cells. This review focuses on the mechanism of quorum sensing and quorum sensing inhibitors isolated from natural sources.

Effects of follicular fluids on the growth of porcine preantral follicle and oocyte

Zygote ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Metoki ◽  
H. Iwata ◽  
M. Itoh ◽  
M. Kasai ◽  
A. Takajyo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calf Serum ◽  
Follicle Development ◽  
Preantral Follicle ◽  
Promoting Effect ◽  
Oocyte Growth ◽  
Preantral Follicles ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Follicular Fluids

SummaryWe examined the effect of supplementing the culture medium with follicular fluid (FF) on the growth of porcine preantral follicles and oocytes. Firstly, preantral follicles were retrieved from ovaries and then FF was collected from all antral follicles that were 2–7 mm in diameter (AFF), which included large follicles of 4–7 mm in diameter (LFF) and small follicles of 2–3 mm in diameter (SFF). When preantral follicles with a diameter of 250 μm were cultured in medium containing AFF, the growth of follicles and oocytes was greater than when follicles were cultured in medium containing fetal calf serum (FCS). When this growth-promoting effect in AFF was compared for LFF and SFF, the LFF were shown to be significantly more effective than SFF. This LFF effect was lost, however, when the concentration of LFF in the medium was decreased from 5% to 0.5% or when LFF were heat treated (60 °C for 30 min) or trypsin was added. In contrast, a decrease in SFF concentration from 5% to 0.5% and heat treatment of the SFF enhanced preantral follicle growth. Furthermore, proteins obtained from LFF that had molecular weights greater than 10 kDa (LFF > 10 kDa) had similar, but relatively reduced, growth-promoting properties. The remaining three LFF protein fractions (<10 kDa or <100 kDa or >100 kDa), however, did not have these growth-promoting properties. In conclusion, the supplementation of medium with LFF, rather than serum, enhanced preantral follicle and oocyte growth. Factors that enhanced follicle development in LFF and factors that suppressed follicle development in SFF were proteins and these LFF factors ranged in size from 10 kDa to over 100 kDa.

scholarly journals Host reproductive cycle influences the pouch microbiota of wild southern hairy-nosed wombats (Lasiorhinus latifrons)

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sesilje Weiss ◽  
David Taggart ◽  
Ian Smith ◽  
Kristofer M. Helgen ◽  
Raphael Eisenhofer
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Reproductive Cycle ◽  
Tammar Wallaby ◽  
The Body ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Birth Canal ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Rigorous Framework ◽  
The 16S Rrna Gene

Abstract Background Marsupials are born much earlier than placental mammals, with most crawling from the birth canal to the protective marsupium (pouch) to further their development. However, little is known about the microbiology of the pouch and how it changes throughout a marsupial’s reproductive cycle. Here, using stringent controls, we characterized the microbial composition of multiple body sites from 26 wild Southern Hairy-nosed Wombats (SHNWs), including pouch samples from animals at different reproductive stages. Results Using qPCR of the 16S rRNA gene we detected a microbial community in the SHNW pouch. We observed significant differences in microbial composition and diversity between the body sites tested, as well as between pouch samples from different reproductive stages. The pouches of reproductively active females had drastically lower microbial diversity (mean ASV richness 19 ± 8) compared to reproductively inactive females (mean ASV richness 941 ± 393) and were dominated by gram positive bacteria from the Actinobacteriota phylum (81.7–90.6%), with the dominant families classified as Brevibacteriaceae, Corynebacteriaceae, Microbacteriaceae, and Dietziaceae. Three of the five most abundant sequences identified in reproductively active pouches had closest matches to microbes previously isolated from tammar wallaby pouches. Conclusions This study represents the first contamination-controlled investigation into the marsupial pouch microbiota, and sets a rigorous framework for future pouch microbiota studies. Our results indicate that SHNW pouches contain communities of microorganisms that are substantially altered by the host reproductive cycle. We recommend further investigation into the roles that pouch microorganisms may play in marsupial reproductive health and joey survival.

scholarly journals Green Tea and Its Relation to Human Gut Microbiome

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (13) ◽  
pp. 3907
Author(s):  
Sergio Pérez-Burillo ◽  
Beatriz Navajas-Porras ◽  
Alicia López-Maldonado ◽  
Daniel Hinojosa-Nogueira ◽  
Silvia Pastoriza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Microbial Dysbiosis ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Middle Man ◽  
Specific Species

Green tea can influence the gut microbiota by either stimulating the growth of specific species or by hindering the development of detrimental ones. At the same time, gut bacteria can metabolize green tea compounds and produce smaller bioactive molecules. Accordingly, green tea benefits could be due to beneficial bacteria or to microbial bioactive metabolites. Therefore, the gut microbiota is likely to act as middle man for, at least, some of the green tea benefits on health. Many health promoting effects of green tea seems to be related to the inter-relation between green tea and gut microbiota. Green tea has proven to be able to correct the microbial dysbiosis that appears during several conditions such as obesity or cancer. On the other hand, tea compounds influence the growth of bacterial species involved in inflammatory processes such as the release of LPS or the modulation of IL production; thus, influencing the development of different chronic diseases. There are many studies trying to link either green tea or green tea phenolic compounds to health benefits via gut microbiota. In this review, we tried to summarize the most recent research in the area.

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