scholarly journals Green Tea and Its Relation to Human Gut Microbiome

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (13) ◽  
pp. 3907
Author(s):  
Sergio Pérez-Burillo ◽  
Beatriz Navajas-Porras ◽  
Alicia López-Maldonado ◽  
Daniel Hinojosa-Nogueira ◽  
Silvia Pastoriza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Microbial Dysbiosis ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Middle Man ◽  
Specific Species

Green tea can influence the gut microbiota by either stimulating the growth of specific species or by hindering the development of detrimental ones. At the same time, gut bacteria can metabolize green tea compounds and produce smaller bioactive molecules. Accordingly, green tea benefits could be due to beneficial bacteria or to microbial bioactive metabolites. Therefore, the gut microbiota is likely to act as middle man for, at least, some of the green tea benefits on health. Many health promoting effects of green tea seems to be related to the inter-relation between green tea and gut microbiota. Green tea has proven to be able to correct the microbial dysbiosis that appears during several conditions such as obesity or cancer. On the other hand, tea compounds influence the growth of bacterial species involved in inflammatory processes such as the release of LPS or the modulation of IL production; thus, influencing the development of different chronic diseases. There are many studies trying to link either green tea or green tea phenolic compounds to health benefits via gut microbiota. In this review, we tried to summarize the most recent research in the area.

scholarly journals Yield, Characterization, and Possible Exploitation of Cannabis Sativa L. Roots Grown under Aeroponics Cultivation

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (16) ◽  
pp. 4889
Author(s):  
Fabio Ferrini ◽  
Daniele Fraternale ◽  
Sabrina Donati Donati Zeppa ◽  
Giancarlo Verardo ◽  
Andrea Gorassini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Root Extracts ◽  
Cultivation Technique ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Health Promoting

Cannabis sativa L. has been used for a long time to obtain food, fiber, and as a medicinal and psychoactive plant. Today, the nutraceutical potential of C. sativa is being increasingly reappraised; however, C. sativa roots remain poorly studied, despite citations in the scientific literature. In this direction, we identified and quantified the presence of valuable bioactives (namely, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, campesterol, friedelin, and epi-friedelanol) in the root extracts of C. sativa, a finding which might pave the way to the exploitation of the therapeutic potential of all parts of the C. sativa plant. To facilitate root harvesting and processing, aeroponic (AP) and aeroponic-elicited cultures (AEP) were established and compared to soil-cultivated plants (SP). Interestingly, considerably increased plant growth—particularly of the roots—and a significant increase (up to 20-fold in the case of β-sitosterol) in the total content of the aforementioned roots’ bioactive molecules were observed in AP and AEP. In conclusion, aeroponics, an easy, standardized, contaminant-free cultivation technique, facilitates the harvesting/processing of roots along with a greater production of their secondary bioactive metabolites, which could be utilized in the formulation of health-promoting and health-care products.

scholarly journals Association of the gut microbiota with colorectal cancer in a South Asian cohort of patients

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pramoda Sahankumari ◽  
Bawantha Gamage ◽  
Gathsaurie Neelika Malavige
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Shigella Dysenteriae ◽  
Aeromonas Species ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Asian Populations ◽  
Microbial Dysbiosis ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Asian Cohort

Abstract Background: As the gut microbiome is thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of colorectal carcinoma (CRC), we sought to investigate the patterns of gut microbiota that associate with CRC in a South Asian cohort of patients with CRC. Methods: The relative abundance of 45 types of gut microbial species were determined in faecal samples of CRC patients (n=24), DM (n=20) and healthy age matched controls (n=44), using a PCR array. Data was analyzed using the specific software for analysis of bacterial DNA quantification. Results: The species Bacteroides fragilis (23.9-fold), Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (8-fold) and Akkermansia muciniphila (5.9-fold) were several-fold over expressed in patients with CRC compared to healthy individuals, whereas bacterial species of the Phylum Proteobacteria were under expressed. There was no difference in the abundance of these 3 species of bacteria with tumour stage or gender and age of patients. Aeromonas species, Enterococcus faecium and Shigella dysenteriae (Proteobacteria) were over 100-fold over abundant in those with DM compared to healthy individuals. Although 70.83% of those with CRC also had diabetes, marked differences were seen between patients with CRC and those with DM. Conclusions: Patients with CRC and DM harbor a markedly different gut microbiota patterns compared to their healthy counterparts. Similar patterns of gut microbial dysbiosis that associate with CRC and DM appear be seen in South Asian populations, compared to Western countries, despite differences in the diet and ethnicity.

scholarly journals Cocoa Polyphenols and Gut Microbiota Interplay: Bioavailability, Prebiotic Effect, and Impact on Human Health

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1908 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Sorrenti ◽  
Sawan Ali ◽  
Laura Mancin ◽  
Sergio Davinelli ◽  
Antonio Paoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Target Organs ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Natural Forms ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Cocoa and its products are rich sources of polyphenols such as flavanols. These compounds exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, accountable for cocoa health-promoting effects. However, cocoa polyphenols are poorly absorbed in the intestine, and most of them cannot reach the systemic circulation in their natural forms. Instead, their secondary bioactive metabolites are bioavailable, enter the circulation, reach the target organs, and exhibit their activities. In fact, once reaching the intestine, cocoa polyphenols interact bidirectionally with the gut microbiota. These compounds can modulate the composition of the gut microbiota exerting prebiotic mechanisms. They enhance the growth of beneficial gut bacteria, such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, while reducing the number of pathogenic ones, such as Clostridium perfringens. On the other hand, bioactive cocoa metabolites can enhance gut health, displaying anti-inflammatory activities, positively affecting immunity, and reducing the risk of various diseases. This review aims to summarize the available knowledge of the bidirectional interaction between cocoa polyphenols and gut microbiota with their various health outcomes.

scholarly journals Yield, Characterization and Possible Exploitation of Cannabis Sativa L. Roots Grown Under Aeroponics Cultivation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Ferrini ◽  
Daniele Fraternale ◽  
Sabrina Donati Zeppa ◽  
Giancarlo Verardo ◽  
Andrea Gorassini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Root Extracts ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Cultivated Plant ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Set Up

Cannabis Sativa L. has been used for a long time to obtain food, fiber and as a medicinal and psychoactive plant. Today the nutraceutical potential of C. Sativa is being increasingly reappraised; however, C. Sativa roots remain poorly studied, despite citations in the scientific literature. In this direction, we identified and quantified the presence of valuable bioactives (namely β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, campesterol, friedelin and epi-friedelanol) in the root extracts of C. Sativa, a finding which might pave the way to the exploitation of the therapeutic potential of C. Sativa in all its parts. To facilitate roots harvesting and processing, aeroponic (AP) and aeroponic elicited cultures (AEP), have been set up and compared to soil-cultivated plant (SP): interestingly a considerable overgrowth of the plants - particularly of roots - and a significant increase (up to 20 fold in the case of β-sitosterol) in the total content of the above roots’ bioactive molecules have been observed in AP and AEP. In conclusion aeroponics, an easy, standardised, free of contaminant cultivation tecchnique, allows an ease harvesting/processing of roots along with a greater production of their secondary bioactive metabolites which could be utilized in the formulation of health promoting and health care products.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota Imbalance is Related to Sporadic Colorectal Neoplasms. A Pilot Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (24) ◽  
pp. 5491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Polimeno ◽  
Michele Barone ◽  
Adriana Mosca ◽  
Maria Teresa Viggiani ◽  
Alfredo Di Leo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Colorectal Adenomas ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Anaerobic Microorganisms ◽  
Interesting Difference ◽  
Eubacterium Limosum ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Specific Species

(1) Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) development is sustained by multiple factors including the gut microbiota, as suggested by a growing body of evidence. Most CRCs have a sporadic (non-hereditary) onset and develop from sporadic colorectal adenomas/polyp (SCA/P). In the present study, we investigated the characteristic of anaerobic microorganisms in stool samples obtained from 20 patients with SCA/P and 20 subjects without evidence of proliferative lesions at colonoscopy (Controls). (2) Material and Methods: We designed this clinical trial using adaptive randomization by minimization. Selective culture media and Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time of Flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry techniques were used to identify the components of microbiota. The data obtained revealed a different variability of gut microbiota in stool samples of controls and SCA/P subjects. (3) Results: The most interesting difference was observed for Bacteroides species, which represent the 50% of all bacterial species identified in the stool samples: two species, Bacteroides stercoris and Parabacteroides distasonis, were found only in the feces from control group, whereas Bacteroides fragilis and Prevotella melaningenica species were presents only in SCA/P patients. Among Gram+ bacteria also, specific species were found in the two groups of feces: Clostridium clostridioforme, Propionibacterium avidum and Pediococcus pentasaceus were identified only in controls, while Eubacterium limosum, Clostridium innocuum and Corybebacterium xerosus were identified in SCA/P stool samples only. (4) Conclusions: Our findings suggest that, compared to control stool samples, a different intestinal microbiota is present in SCA/P stool samples, that may create a micro-environment predisposing for the development of proliferative phenomena. As a consequence, gut microbiota manipulation could be a future target for personalized treatments.

scholarly journals Association of the gut microbiota with colorectal cancer in a South Asian cohort of patients

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
AGP Sahankumari ◽  
Bawantha D. Gamage ◽  
Gathsaurie Neelika Malavige
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Shigella Dysenteriae ◽  
Aeromonas Species ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Asian Populations ◽  
Microbial Dysbiosis ◽  
Asian Cohort

AbstractBackgroundAs the gut microbiome is thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of colorectal carcinoma (CRC) and affected by the diet and the genetic composition, we sought to investigate the patterns of gut microbiota that associate with CRC in a South Asian cohort of patients with CRC.MethodologyThe relative abundance of 45 types of gut microbial species were determined in faecal samples of CRC patients (n=24), DM (n=20) and healthy age matched controls (n=44), using a PCR array. Data was analyzed using the specific software for analysis of bacterial DNA quantification.ResultsThe species Bacteroides fragilis (23.9-fold), Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (8-fold) and Akkermansia muciniphila (5.9 fold) were several-fold over expressed in patients with CRC compared to healthy individuals, whereas bacterial species of the Phylum Proteobactria were under expressed. There was no difference in the abundance of these 3 species of bacteria with tumour stage or gender and age of patients. Aeromonas species, Enterococcus faecium and Shigella dysenteriae (Proteobacteria) were over 100-fold over abundant in those with DM compared to healthy individuals. Although 70.83% of those with CRC also had diabetes, the relative abundance of microbiota in CRC patients were different to those who had diabetes and no CRC.ConclusionsPatients with CRC and DM harbor a markedly different gut microbiota patterns compared to their healthy counterparts. Similar patterns of gut microbial dysbiosis that associate with CRC and DM appear be seen in South Asian populations, compared to Western countries, despite differences in the diet and ethnicity.

Substrate use prioritization by a coculture of five species of gut bacteria fed mixtures of arabinoxylan, xyloglucan, β-glucan, and pectin

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Liu ◽  
AL Heath ◽  
B Galland ◽  
N Rehrer ◽  
L Drummond ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Emergent Properties ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Fermentation Products ◽  
Plant Polysaccharides ◽  
Human Gut Microbiota

© 2020 American Society for Microbiology. Dietary fiber provides growth substrates for bacterial species that belong to the colonic microbiota of humans. The microbiota degrades and ferments substrates, producing characteristic short-chain fatty acid profiles. Dietary fiber contains plant cell wall-associated polysaccharides (hemicelluloses and pectins) that are chemically diverse in composition and structure. Thus, depending on plant sources, dietary fiber daily presents the microbiota with mixtures of plant polysaccharides of various types and complexity. We studied the extent and preferential order in which mixtures of plant polysaccharides (arabinoxylan, xyloglucan, β-glucan, and pectin) were utilized by a coculture of five bacterial species (Bacteroides ovatus, Bifidobacterium longum subspecies longum, Megasphaera elsdenii, Ruminococcus gnavus, and Veillonella parvula). These species are members of the human gut microbiota and have the biochemical capacity, collectively, to degrade and ferment the polysaccharides and produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). B. ovatus utilized glycans in the order β-glucan, pectin, xyloglucan, and arabinoxylan, whereas B. longum subsp. longum utilization was in the order arabinoxylan, arabinan, pectin, and β-glucan. Propionate, as a proportion of total SCFAs, was augmented when polysaccharide mixtures contained galactan, resulting in greater succinate production by B. ovatus and conversion of succinate to propionate by V. parvula. Overall, we derived a synthetic ecological community that carries out SCFA production by the common pathways used by bacterial species for this purpose. Systems like this might be used to predict changes to the emergent properties of the gut ecosystem when diet is altered, with the aim of beneficially affecting human physiology. This study addresses the question as to how bacterial species, characteristic of the human gut microbiota, collectively utilize mixtures of plant polysaccharides such as are found in dietary fiber. Five bacterial species with the capacity to degrade polymers and/or produce acidic fermentation products detectable in human feces were used in the experiments. The bacteria showed preferential use of certain polysaccharides over others for growth, and this influenced their fermentation output qualitatively. These kinds of studies are essential in developing concepts of how the gut microbial community shares habitat resources, directly and indirectly, when presented with mixtures of polysaccharides that are found in human diets. The concepts are required in planning dietary interventions that might correct imbalances in the functioning of the human microbiota so as to support measures to reduce metabolic conditions such as obesity.

Modulation of Gut Microbiota through Dietary Phytochemicals as a Novel Anti-infective Strategy

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 498-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavan K. Mujawdiya ◽  
Suman Kapur
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Quorum Sensing ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Chemical Interaction ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Gut Microbes

: Quorum Sensing (QS) is a phenomenon in which bacterial cells communicate with each other with the help of several low molecular weight compounds. QS is largely dependent on population density, and it triggers when the concentration of quorum sensing molecules accumulate in the environment and crosses a particular threshold. Once a certain population density is achieved and the concentration of molecules crosses a threshold, the bacterial cells show a collective behavior in response to various chemical stimuli referred to as “auto-inducers”. The QS signaling is crucial for several phenotypic characteristics responsible for bacterial survival such as motility, virulence, and biofilm formation. Biofilm formation is also responsible for making bacterial cells resistant to antibiotics. : The human gut is home to trillions of bacterial cells collectively called “gut microbiota” or “gut microbes”. Gut microbes are a consortium of more than 15,000 bacterial species and play a very crucial role in several body functions such as metabolism, development and maturation of the immune system, and the synthesis of several essential vitamins. Due to its critical role in shaping human survival and its modulating impact on body metabolisms, the gut microbial community has been referred to as “the forgotten organ” by O`Hara et al. (2006) [1]. Several studies have demonstrated that chemical interaction between the members of bacterial cells in the gut is responsible for shaping the overall microbial community. : Recent advances in phytochemical research have generated a lot of interest in finding new, effective, and safer alternatives to modern chemical-based medicines. In the context of antimicrobial research various plant extracts have been identified with Quorum Sensing Inhibitory (QSI) activities among bacterial cells. This review focuses on the mechanism of quorum sensing and quorum sensing inhibitors isolated from natural sources.

scholarly journals Fecal microbiota dynamics during disease activity and remission in newly diagnosed and established ulcerative colitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena Öhman ◽  
Anders Lasson ◽  
Anna Strömbeck ◽  
Stefan Isaksson ◽  
Marcus Hesselmar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Specific Species

AbstractPatients with ulcerative colitis (UC) have an altered gut microbiota composition, but the microbial relationship to disease activity needs to be further elucidated. Therefore, temporal dynamics of the fecal microbial community during remission and flare was determined. Fecal samples were collected at 2–6 time-points from UC patients during established disease (cohort EST) and at diagnosis (cohort NEW). Sampling range for cohort EST was 3–10 months and for cohort NEW 36 months. Relapses were monitored for an additional three years for cohort EST. Microbial composition was assessed by Genetic Analysis GA-map Dysbiosis Test, targeting ≥ 300 bacteria. Eighteen patients in cohort EST (8 with maintained remission and 10 experiencing a flare), provided 71 fecal samples. In cohort NEW, 13 patients provided 49 fecal samples. The microbial composition showed no clustering related to disease activity in any cohort. Microbial dissimilarity was higher between than within patients for both cohorts, irrespective of presence of a flare. Microbial stability within patients was constant over time with no major shift in overall composition nor modification in the abundance of any specific species. Microbial composition was not affected by intensified medical treatment or linked to future disease course. Thus in UC, the gut microbiota is highly stable irrespective of disease stage, disease activity or treatment escalation. This suggests that prolonged dietary interventions or repeated fecal transplantations are needed to be able to induce permanent alterations of the gut microbiota.

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