scholarly journals Severe underreporting of energy intake in normal weight subjects: use of an appropriate standard and relation to restrained eating

2002 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 683-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Asbeck ◽  
M Mast ◽  
A Bierwag ◽  
J Westenhöfer ◽  
KJ Acheson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Eating Behaviour ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Restrained Eating ◽  
Doubly Labelled Water ◽  
Dietary Record ◽  
Stable Conditions

AbstractObjective:To assess the influence of different standards and restrained eating on underreporting in healthy, non-obese, weight-stable young subjects.Design and subjects:Eighty-three young adults (20–38 years, 55 women, 28 men) were assessed under weight-stable conditions with a 7-day dietary record and the three-factor eating questionnaire by Stunkard and Messick. Resting energy expenditure (REE; indirect calorimetry) plus data derived from physical activity records (PA) (Standard 1) or REE times an activity factor (AF) (Standard 2) was used as standard for total energy expenditure (TEE). For comparison, doubly labelled water (DLW) was used to measure TEE in a subgroup of subjects.Results:There was an association between self-reported energy intake and Standard 2 (r = 0.72) but not with Standard 1. When compared with DLW both calculated standards were inaccurate, but Standard 2 avoided high levels of overreporting. Using Standard 2 to identify ‘severe’ underreporting (SU; as defined by a deviation of energy intake (EI) and TEE of >20%), SU was seen in 37% of all subjects. It was more frequently found in women than in men (49% of women, 14.3% of men, P < 0.05). Underreporting subjects had a reduced EI (P < 0.01) but there were no significant differences in nutritional status (body weight and height, body mass index, fat mass and fat-free mass), energy expenditure and the proportion of energy from macronutrients between normal and underreporting subjects. However, high restraint was associated with a higher degree of underreporting in the total group, whereas disinhibition had an influence only in men.Conclusions:A high prevalence of SU is seen in non-obese subjects. Characteristics of eating behaviour (restraint and disinhibition) were associated with underreporting but seemed to have a different influence in men and women.

The contribution of fat-free mass to resting energy expenditure: implications for weight loss strategies in the treatment of adolescent obesity

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew G. Browning ◽  
Ronald K. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Adolescent Obesity ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Weight Loss Outcomes ◽  
Resting Energy

AbstractOwing to the strong relationship between fat-free mass (FFM) and resting energy expenditure (REE), the preservation of FFM is often emphasized in the treatment of adolescent obesity. Typical treatment regimens including an increased dietary consumption of protein and participation in resistance training are common components of adolescent weight management programs, despite limited evidence of a positive influence of FFM on weight loss outcomes in adolescents. Given the larger volume of FFM in obese relative to normal weight adolescents and the common treatment goals of both maximizing weight loss and attenuating the loss of FFM, a better understanding of the influence of FFM on energy balance is needed to determine whether strategies to preserve lean tissue or maximize absolute weight loss should be most emphasized. We review the associations among FFM, REE, and weight loss outcomes, focusing on how these relationships might influence energy balance in obese adolescents.

scholarly journals Water loss as a function of energy intake, physical activity and season

2005 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaas R. Westerterp ◽  
Guy Plasqui ◽  
Annelies H. C. Goris
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Seasonal Effects ◽  
Water Turnover ◽  
Doubly Labelled Water

Although water is an important nutrient, there are no recommended intake values. Here, water intake, energy intake, physical activity and water loss was measured over 1 week in summer and in winter. Subjects were healthy volunteers, forty-two women and ten men, mean age of 29 (sd 7) years and mean BMI 21·8 (sd 2·2) kg/m2. Water intake was measured with a 7 d food and water record. Physical activity level (PAL) was observed as the ratio of total energy expenditure, as measured with doubly labelled water, to resting energy expenditure as measured in a respiration chamber. Water loss was measured with the deuterium elimination method. Water loss was highly reproducible and ranged from 0·20 to 0·35 l/MJ, independent of season and activity level, with higher values in women. Water loss was related to water and energy intake in summer (r 0·96, P<0·0001 and r 0·68, P<0·001, respectively) as well as in winter (r 0·98, P<0·0001 and r 0·63, P<0·01, respectively). Water loss was, for men, higher in subjects with a higher physical activity in summer (r 0·94, P<0·0001) and in winter (r 0·70, P<0·05). Normalizing water loss for differences in energy expenditure by expressing water loss in litres per MJ resulted in the same value for men in summer and winter. For women, physical activity-adjusted values of water loss were higher, especially in summer. In men, water turnover was determined by energy intake and physical activity, while seasonal effects appeared through energy expenditure. Women showed a higher water turnover that was unrelated to physical activity.

scholarly journals Prospective Changes in Energy Intake, Physical Activity, and Resting Energy Expenditure during Pregnancy

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 66-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd Hagobian ◽  
Alyssa D’Amico ◽  
Camille Vranna ◽  
Anna Brannen ◽  
Suzanne Phelan
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Future Health ◽  
In Pregnancy ◽  
Resting Energy

Background and Purpose: Prenatal changes in energy intake (EI), physical activity (PA), and resting energy expenditure (REE) are important determinants of future health and obesity outcomes. This study examined changes in EI, PA and REE in 16 adult, pregnant women (75% Normal-weight, 15% overweight/obese) early in pregnancy (

Total energy expenditure in 4- to 6-yr-old children

1993 ◽  
Vol 264 (5) ◽  
pp. E706-E711 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. I. Goran ◽  
W. H. Carpenter ◽  
E. T. Poehlman
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Total Energy Expenditure ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Interindividual Variation

There is a sparsity of data on energy expenditure in young children. We therefore examined the components of daily energy expenditure in a group of 30 children (16 boys, 14 girls; age 4–6 yr) characterized for body weight, height, heart rate, and body composition from bioelectrical resistance. Total energy expenditure (TEE) was measured over 14 days under free living conditions by doubly labeled water, resting energy expenditure (REE) from indirect calorimetry, and activity energy expenditure was estimated from the difference between TEE and REE. Mean TEE was 1,379 +/- 290 kcal/day, which was 475 +/- 202 kcal/day lower than energy intake recommendations for this age group. Activity-related energy expenditure was estimated to be 267 +/- 203 kcal/day. TEE was most significantly related to fat-free mass (FFM; r = 0.86; P < 0.001), body weight (r = 0.83; P < 0.001), and REE (r = 0.80; P < 0.001). When TEE was adjusted for FFM, a significant correlation with heart rate was observed (partial r = 0.54; P = 0.002). Collectively, 86% of interindividual variation in TEE was accounted for by FFM, heart rate, and REE. We conclude that, in young 4- to 6-yr-old children, 1) TEE is approximately 25% lower than current recommendations for energy intake and 2) combined measurement of FFM, heart rate, and REE explain 86% of interindividual variation in TEE, thus providing a possible alternative method to estimate TEE in young children.

Increased resting energy expenditure, fat oxidation, and food intake in patients with highly active antiretroviral therapy-associated lipodystrophy

2007 ◽  
Vol 292 (3) ◽  
pp. E687-E692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jussi Sutinen ◽  
Hannele Yki-Järvinen
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Lipid Oxidation ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Resting Energy

Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is associated with metabolic adverse events such as lipodystrophy in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of HAART-associated lipodystrophy on resting energy expenditure and caloric intake. In this cross-sectional study we compared resting energy expenditure (REE) and energy intake in 30 HAART-treated patients with lipodystrophy (HAART+LD+) with 13 HAART-treated patients without lipodystrophy (HAART+LD−). REE was measured using indirect calorimetry, and energy intake was recorded as a 3-day diary of food intake. REE (5,180 ± 160 vs. 4,260 ± 150 J/min, P < 0.01) and also REE expressed per fat-free mass (86 ± 1 vs. 78 ± 2 J·kg fat-free mass−1·min−1, P < 0.01) were significantly higher in the HAART+LD+ than the HAART+LD− group. Rate of lipid oxidation was significantly higher in the HAART+LD+ than the HAART+LD− group. Total energy and fat intakes were significantly increased in the HAART+LD+ compared with the HAART+LD− group. These results imply that HAART-associated lipodystrophy is associated with increased REE and lipid oxidation and with increased caloric and fat intake.

scholarly journals Effects of Inulin Propionate Ester Incorporated into Palatable Food Products on Appetite and Resting Energy Expenditure: A Randomised Crossover Study

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 861 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire S Byrne ◽  
Edward S Chambers ◽  
Tom Preston ◽  
Catriona Tedford ◽  
Jerusa Brignardello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Food System ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Palatable Food ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Bread Roll ◽  
Resting Energy

Supplementation with inulin-propionate ester (IPE), which delivers propionate to the colon, suppresses ad libitum energy intake and stimulates the release of satiety hormones acutely in humans, and prevents weight gain. In order to determine whether IPE remains effective when incorporated into food products (FP), IPE needs to be added to a widely accepted food system. A bread roll and fruit smoothie were produced. Twenty-one healthy overweight and obese humans participated. Participants attended an acclimatisation visit and a control visit where they consumed un-supplemented food products (FP). Participants then consumed supplemented-FP, containing 10 g/d inulin or IPE for six days followed by a post-supplementation visit in a randomised crossover design. On study visits, supplemented-FP were consumed for the seventh time and ad libitum energy intake was assessed 420 min later. Blood samples were collected to assess hormones and metabolites. Resting energy expenditure (REE) was measured using indirect calorimetry. Taste and appearance ratings were similar between FP. Ad libitum energy intake was significantly different between treatments, due to a decreased intake following IPE-FP. These observations were not related to changes in blood hormones and metabolites. There was an increase in REE following IPE-FP. However, this effect was lost after correcting for changes in fat free mass. Our results suggest that IPE suppresses appetite and may alter REE following its incorporation into palatable food products.

scholarly journals l-Tri-iodothyronine is a major determinant of resting energy expenditure in underweight patients with anorexia nervosa and during weight gain

2005 ◽  
Vol 152 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Onur ◽  
Verena Haas ◽  
Anja Bosy-Westphal ◽  
Maren Hauer ◽  
Thomas Paul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Metabolic Adaptation ◽  
Dietary Record ◽  
Underweight Patients ◽  
Resting Energy

Objective: We aimed to define the effect of l-3,5,3′-tri-iodothyronine (T3) on metabolic adaptation in underweight patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) as well as during weight gain. Methods: This involved clinical investigation of 28 underweight patients with AN, who were compared with 49 normal-weight controls. A subgroup of 17 patients was followed during weight gain. Resting energy expenditure was measured by indirect calorimetry. Body composition was measured by anthropometry as well as bioelectrical impedance analysis. Energy intake (EI) was assessed by a 3-day dietary record. Plasma concentrations of thyroid hormones (thyroxine (T4), T3 and thyrotropin (TSH)) were analyzed by enzyme immunoassays. Results: When compared with normal-weight women, underweight patients with AN had reduced fat mass (FM) (−71.3%), fat-free mass (FFM) (−13.1%), resting energy expenditure (REE) (−21.8%), T3- (−33.4%) and T4-concentrations (−19.8%) at unchanged TSH. REE remained reduced after adjustment for FFM (−24.6%). T3 showed a close association with REE. This association remained after adjustment of REE for FFM. Treatment of underweight AN patients resulted in a mean weight gain of 8.3 kg. This was mainly explained by an increase in FM with small or no changes in FFM. REE and T3 also increased (+9.3% and +33.3% respectively) at unchanged TSH and T4. There was a highly significant association between weight gain-induced changes in T3 and changes in adjusted REE (r = 0.78, P < 0.001, based on Pearson’s correlation). An increase in plasma T3 concentrations of 1.8 pmol/l could explain an increase in REE of 0.6 MJ/day (that is, a 32% increase in T3 was associated with a 13% increase in REE). Conclusions: Our data provide evidence that the low T3 concentrations add to metabolic adaptation in underweight patients with AN. During weight gain, increases in T3 are associated with increases in REE, which is independent of FFM. Both results are evidence for a physiologic role of T3 in modulation of energy expenditure in humans.

High Resting Energy Expenditure in Normal-weight Bulimics and its Normalization with Control of Eating Behaviour

Appetite ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
THIERRY LÉONARD ◽  
CHRISTINE FOULON ◽  
BERTRAND SAMUEL-LAJEUNESSE ◽  
JEAN-CLAUDE MELCHIOR ◽  
DANIEL RIGAUD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Eating Behaviour ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Resting Energy

scholarly journals Effect of organ and tissue masses on resting energy expenditure in underweight, normal weight and obese adults

2003 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Bosy-Westphal ◽  
U Reinecke ◽  
T Schlörke ◽  
K Illner ◽  
D Kutzner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Obese Adults ◽  
Resting Energy

Comparison of energy expenditure, body composition, metabolic disorders, and energy intake between obese children with a history of craniopharyngioma and children with multifactorial obesity

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (11-12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilanit Bomer ◽  
Carola Saure ◽  
Carolina Caminiti ◽  
Javier Gonzales Ramos ◽  
Graciela Zuccaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Mass Percentage

AbstractCraniopharyngioma is a histologically benign brain malformation with a fundamental role in satiety modulation, causing obesity in up to 52% of patients.To evaluate cardiovascular risk factors, body composition, resting energy expenditure (REE), and energy intake in craniopharyngioma patients and to compare the data with those from children with multifactorial obesity.All obese children and adolescents who underwent craniopharyngioma resection and a control group of children with multifactorial obesity in follow-up between May 2012 and April 2013.Anthropometric measurements, bioelectrical impedance, indirect calorimetry, energy intake, homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and dyslipidemia were evaluated.Twenty-three patients with craniopharyngioma and 43 controls were included. Children with craniopharyngioma-related obesity had a lower fat-free mass percentage (62.4 vs. 67.5; p=0.01) and a higher fat mass percentage (37.5 vs. 32.5; p=0.01) compared to those with multifactorial obesity. A positive association was found between %REE and %fat-free mass in subjects with multifactorial obesity (68±1% in normal REE vs. 62.6±1% in low REE; p=0.04), but not in craniopharyngioma patients (62±2.7 in normal REE vs. 61.2±1.8% in low REE; p=0.8). No differences were found in metabolic involvement or energy intake.REE was lower in craniopharyngioma patients compared to children with multifactorial obesity regardless of the amount of fat-free mass, suggesting that other factors may be responsible for the lower REE.

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