scholarly journals The use of external within-person variance estimates to adjust nutrient intake distributions over time and across populations

2005 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Jahns ◽  
Lenore Arab ◽  
Alicia Carriquiry ◽  
Barry M Popkin
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Point Method ◽  
Prevalence Estimate ◽  
State University ◽  
Cut Point ◽  
Statistical Adjustment ◽  
Prevalence Estimates ◽  
Usual Intake ◽  
24 Hour Recall ◽  
Variance Estimates

AbstractObjective:To examine the utility of using external estimates of within-person variation to adjust usual nutrient intake distributions.Design:Analyses of the prevalence of inadequate intake of an example nutrient by the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) cut-point method using three different methods of statistical adjustment of the usual intake distribution of a single 24-hour recall in Russian children in 1996, using the Iowa State University method for adjustment of the distribution. First, adjusting the usual intake distribution with day 2 recalls from the same 1996 sample (the correct method) second, adjusting the distribution using external variance estimates derived from US children in 1996; and third, adjusting the distribution using external estimates derived from Russian children of the same age in 2000. We also present prevalence estimates based on naïve statistical analysis of the unadjusted distribution of intakes.Setting/subjects:Children drawn from the Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey in 1996 and 2000 and from the 1996 Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals.Results:When the EAR cut-point method is applied to a single recall, the resulting prevalence estimate in this study is inflated by 100–1300%. When the intake distribution is adjusted using an external variance estimate, the prevalence estimate is much less biased, suggesting that any adjustment may give less biased estimates than no adjustment.Conclusions:In moderately large samples, adjusting distributions with external estimates of variances results in more reliable prevalence estimates than using 1–day data.

scholarly journals Nutritional Inadequacy: Unraveling the Methodological Challenges for the Application of the Probability Approach or the EAR Cut-Point Method—A Pregnancy Perspective

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 3473
Author(s):  
Foteini Tsakoumaki ◽  
Charikleia Kyrkou ◽  
Apostolos P. Athanasiadis ◽  
Georgios Menexes ◽  
Alexandra-Maria Michaelidou
Keyword(s):  
Simulated Data ◽  
Point Method ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Bootstrap Confidence Intervals ◽  
Cut Point ◽  
Probability Approach ◽  
Methodological Challenges ◽  
Usual Intake ◽  
Detailed Statistical Analysis ◽  
Method Point

The aim of this study was to unravel the methodological challenges when exploring nutritional inadequacy, involving 608 healthy pregnant women. The usual intake of twenty-one nutrients was recorded by employing a validated FFQ. Simulated datasets of usual intake were generated, with randomly imposed uncertainty. The comparison between the usual intake and the EAR was accomplished with the probability approach and the EAR cut-point method. Point estimates were accompanied by bootstrap confidence intervals. Bootstrap intervals applied on the risk of inadequacy for raw and simulated data tended in most cases to overlap. A detailed statistical analysis, aiming to predict the level of inadequacy, as well as the application of the EAR cut-point method, along with bootstrap intervals, could effectively be used to assess nutrient inadequacy. However, the final decision for the method used depends on the distribution of nutrient-intake under evaluation. Irrespective of the applied methodology, moderate to high levels of inadequacy, calculated from FFQ were identified for certain nutrients (e.g. vitamins C, B6, magnesium, vitamin A), while the highest were recorded for folate and iron. Considering that micronutrient-poor, obesogenic diets are becoming more common, the underlying rationale may help towards unraveling the complexity characterizing nutritional inadequacies, especially in vulnerable populations.

scholarly journals A Bayesian approach to estimating the population prevalence of mood and anxiety disorders using multiple measures

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan Edwards ◽  
A. Demetri Pananos ◽  
Amardeep Thind ◽  
Saverio Stranges ◽  
Maria Chiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Administrative Data ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Accurate Estimate ◽  
Service Planning ◽  
Prevalence Estimate ◽  
Population Prevalence ◽  
Mood And Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Prevalence Estimates

Abstract Aims There is currently no universally accepted measure for population-based surveillance of mood and anxiety disorders. As such, the use of multiple linked measures could provide a more accurate estimate of population prevalence. Our primary objective was to apply Bayesian methods to two commonly employed population measures of mood and anxiety disorders to make inferences regarding the population prevalence and measurement properties of a combined measure. Methods We used data from the 2012 Canadian Community Health Survey – Mental Health linked to health administrative databases in Ontario, Canada. Structured interview diagnoses were obtained from the survey, and health administrative diagnoses were identified using a standardised algorithm. These two prevalence estimates, in addition to data on the concordance between these measures and prior estimates of their psychometric properties, were used to inform our combined estimate. The marginal posterior densities of all parameters were estimated using Hamiltonian Monte Carlo (HMC), a Markov Chain Monte Carlo technique. Summaries of posterior distributions, including the means and 95% equally tailed posterior credible intervals, were used for interpretation of the results. Results The combined prevalence mean was 8.6%, with a credible interval of 6.8–10.6%. This combined estimate sits between Bayesian-derived prevalence estimates from administrative data-derived diagnoses (mean = 7.4%) and the survey-derived diagnoses (mean = 13.9%). The results of our sensitivity analysis suggest that varying the specificity of the survey-derived measure has an appreciable impact on the combined posterior prevalence estimate. Our combined posterior prevalence estimate remained stable when varying other prior information. We detected no problematic HMC behaviour, and our posterior predictive checks suggest that our model can reliably recreate our data. Conclusions Accurate population-based estimates of disease are the cornerstone of health service planning and resource allocation. As a greater number of linked population data sources become available, so too does the opportunity for researchers to fully capitalise on the data. The true population prevalence of mood and anxiety disorders may reside between estimates obtained from survey data and health administrative data. We have demonstrated how the use of Bayesian approaches may provide a more informed and accurate estimate of mood and anxiety disorders in the population. This work provides a blueprint for future population-based estimates of disease using linked health data.

scholarly journals Nutrient intake variability and the number of days needed to estimate usual intake in children aged 13–32 months

2017 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luana L. Padilha ◽  
Ana Karina T. d. C. França ◽  
Sueli I. O. da Conceição ◽  
Wyllyane Rayana C. Carvalho ◽  
Mônica A. Batalha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Soluble Fibre ◽  
Insoluble Fibre ◽  
Usual Intake ◽  
Program Version

AbstractThe number of days of data required to accurately estimate usual nutrient intake of children is not well established. This study aims to calculate the variability and the number of days required to estimate usual nutrient intake in children aged 13–32 months. This cross-sectional study, which is part of the BRISA Project in São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil, involved 231 children from April 2011 to January 2013. Socio-economic and demographic data were collected using a questionnaire, and 3 non-consecutive days of food consumption were collected using a 24-h dietary recall (24HDR) survey. Intrapersonal and interpersonal variability and variance ratio (VR) were obtained for each nutrient using the Multiple Source Method® program (version 1.0.1). The number of days (d) needed was calculated using the formula proposed by Black et al. for different correlation coefficients (r) (i.e. 0·7, 0·8 or 0·9). For the vast majority of nutrients, intrapersonal and interpersonal variability values of <1 were observed, with even smaller intrapersonal variabilities, resulting in low VR (<1). More days were needed to estimate intakes of soluble fibre (12), insoluble fibre (11), total fibre (10), vitamin C (9) and PUFA (7), while fewer days were needed for energy, carbohydrate, SFA, Ca, Fe, P and Zn (all had 2 d for r 0·9). However, most nutrients required one, two or three 24HDR for r 0·7, 0·8 or 0·9.

Abstract P404: Validation of a Culturally Modified 24 hour Dietary Recall Questionnaire for use in Rural South Indian Populations

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asvini K Subasinghe ◽  
Amanda G Thrift ◽  
Simin Arabshahi ◽  
Oduru Suresh ◽  
Kamakshi Kartik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Indian Populations ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Field Worker ◽  
Dietary Assessment Methods ◽  
South Indian ◽  
24 Hour Recall ◽  
Indian Food ◽  
Field Workers

Introduction: The assessment of dietary intake in rural populations can be extremely challenging because of cultural and environmental limitations.Only one other study in India has been conducted to validate a 24 hour dietary recall. The purpose of this study was to validate a three pass 24 hour dietary recall questionnaire, culturally modified for use in South Indian populations, against a series of weighed food records (WFRs). Hypothesis: We assessed the hypothesis that there will be less than 15% variance between amounts of food reported to be consumed in 24 hour dietary recalls and amounts of food weighed during WFRs. Methods: Eight life size food portion photographs of common South Indian food servings were created to aid participant recall. Nutrient intake was calculated using a food database specifically created for South Indian food items. Dietary data were compared between the two dietary assessment methods in 30 adults aged 19-85 years. WFRs were conducted in the household by a trained field worker. The amount of food served by each participant was weighed, along with any left overs not eaten. The following day, field workers administered a 24 hour recall interview to the same participant. Results: In total, 101 replicate weighed food portions were matched with estimated portions by 24 hour recall for 21 different types of food or drink. Overall, there was an 11% over-estimation by 24 hour recall compared to the WFR and a strong correlation between the two measures (r=0.93). Mean nutrient intakes obtained from each measure were not significantly different. Conclusions: The culturally specific modifications made to the 24 hour dietary recall method is valid for assessing energy, macro- and micro- nutrient intake in rural Indian populations.

scholarly journals Geographic Distribution of the 20210 G to A Prothrombin Variant

1998 ◽  
Vol 79 (04) ◽  
pp. 706-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. M. Doggen ◽  
A. Zivelin ◽  
V. R. Arruda ◽  
M. Aiach ◽  
D. S. Siscovick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Location ◽  
Factor V Leiden ◽  
Prevalence Estimate ◽  
Clotting Factor ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Nucleotide Position ◽  
Factor V ◽  
Summary Estimate ◽  
Factor Ii ◽  
Prevalence Estimates

SummaryA variant in prothrombin (clotting factor II), a G to A transition at nucleotide position 20210, has recently been shown to be associated with the prothrombin plasma levels and the risk of both venous and arterial thrombosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of carriership of this mutation in various populations.We combined data from 11 centres in nine countries, where tests for this mutation had been performed in groups representing the general population. We calculated an overall prevalence estimate, by a precision-weighted method, and, since the distribution of the prevalences did not appear homogeneous, by an unweighted average of the prevalences. We examined differences in the prevalences by geographical location and ethnic background as a possible explanation for the heterogeneity.Among a total of 5527 individuals who had been tested, 111 heterozygous carriers of the 20210A mutation were found. The prevalence estimates varied from 0.7 to 4.0 between the centres. The overall prevalence estimate was 2.0 percent (CI95 1.4-2.6%). The variation around the summary estimate appeared more than was expected by chance alone, and this heterogeneity could be explained by geographic differences. In southern Europe, the prevalence was 3.0 percent (CI95 2.3 to 3.7%), nearly twice as high as the prevalence in northern Europe (1.7%, CI95 1.3 to 2.2%). The prothrombin variant appeared very rare in individuals from Asian and African descent.The 20210A prothrombin variant is a common abnormality, with a prevalence of carriership between one and four percent. It is more common in southern than in northern Europe. Since this distribution within Europe is very different to that of another prothrombotic mutation (factor V Leiden or factor V R506Q), founder effects are the most likely explanation for the geographical distribution of both mutations.

Omega 3 and Omega 6 Fatty Acids Intake and Dietary Sources in a Representative Sample of Spanish Adults

2013 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliana G. González-Rodríguez ◽  
Aránzazu Aparicio ◽  
Ana M. López-Sobaler ◽  
Rosa M. Ortega
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Total N ◽  
Pufa Intake ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
24 Hour Recall

The present study analyzes the intake of omega 3 (n-3 PUFAs) and omega 6 (n-6 PUFAs) and dietary sources in a representative sample of Spanish adults. For this purpose 418 adults (18 - 60 y), from 15 Spanish provinces were studied. The intake of energy and nutrients [specifically, the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs,) α-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA); and the n-6 PUFA, linoleic acid (LA)] was determined using a 24-hour recall questionnaire for two days. The Multiple Source Method (MSM) was used to estimate participants’ usual fatty acid intake. The total n-3 PUFAs intake was 1.8 ± 0.60 g/day (ALA: 1.3 ± 0.32, EPA: 0.16 ± 0.14, and DHA: 0.33 ± 0.21 g/day) and n-6 PUFA intake was 11.0 ± 2.7 g/day (LA: 10.8 ± 2.7 g/day). A high proportion of participants did not meet their nutrient intake goals for total n-3 PUFAs (84.7 %), ALA (45.0 %), and EPA plus DHA (62.9 %). The main food sources for ALA were oil, dairy products, and meat; for EPA fish; for DHA, fish, eggs, and meat; and for LA, oils, meat, and cereals. Therefore, an increase in the intake of foods rich in n-3 PUFAs or the use of supplements with n-3 PUFAs might help to improve the n-3 PUFA intake.

scholarly journals Assessing Nutrient Intake and Nutrient Status of HIV Seropositive Patients Attending Clinic at Chulaimbo Sub-District Hospital, Kenya

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agatha Christine Onyango ◽  
Mary Khakoni Walingo ◽  
Grace Mbagaya ◽  
Rose Kakai
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
District Hospital ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Care Clinic ◽  
Glutamate Pyruvate ◽  
24 Hour Recall ◽  
Biochemical Assessment ◽  
Serum Glutamate ◽  
Hiv Seropositive

Background. Nutritional status is an important determinant of HIV outcomes.Objective. To assess the nutrient intake and nutrient status of HIV seropositive patients attending an AIDS outpatient clinic, to improve the nutritional management of HIV-infected patients.Design. Prospective cohort study.Setting. Comprehensive care clinic in Chulaimbo Sub-District Hospital, Kenya.Subjects. 497 HIV sero-positive adults attending the clinic.Main Outcome Measures. Evaluation of nutrient intake using 24-hour recall, food frequency checklist, and nutrient status using biochemical assessment indicators (haemoglobin, creatinine, serum glutamate pyruvate (SGPT) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV)).Results. Among the 497 patients recruited (M : F sex ratio: 1.4, mean age: 39 years ± 10.5 y), Generally there was inadequate nutrient intake reported among the HIV patients, except iron (10.49 ± 3.49 mg). All the biochemical assessment indicators were within normal range except for haemoglobin 11.2 g/dL (11.4 ± 2.60 male and 11.2 ± 4.25 female).Conclusions. Given its high frequency, malnutrition should be prevented, detected, monitored, and treated from the early stages of HIV infection among patients attending AIDS clinics in order to improve survival and quality of life.

scholarly journals Within-person, between-person and seasonal variance in nutrient intakes among 4- to 8-year-old rural Zambian children

2020 ◽  
Vol 123 (12) ◽  
pp. 1426-1433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bess L. Caswell ◽  
Sameera A. Talegawkar ◽  
Ward Siamusantu ◽  
Keith P. West ◽  
Amanda C. Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Components Of Variance ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Rural Villages ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Usual Intake ◽  
Randomised Controlled

AbstractEstimates of the components of nutrient intake variation are needed for modelling distributions of usual intake or predicting the usual intake of individuals. Season is a potential source of variation in nutrient intakes in addition to within- and between-person variation, particularly in low- or middle-income countries. We aimed to describe seasonal variation in nutrient intakes and estimate within-person, between-person and other major components of intake variance among Zambian children. Children from rural villages and peri-urban towns in Mkushi District, Zambia aged 4–8 years were enrolled in the non-intervened arm of a randomised controlled trial of pro-vitamin A carotenoid biofortified maize (n 200). Up to seven 24-h dietary recalls per child were obtained at monthly intervals over a 6-month period covering the late post-harvest (August–October), early lean (November–January) and late lean (February–April) seasons (2012–2013). Nutrient intakes varied significantly by season. For energy and most nutrients, intakes were highest in the early lean season and lower in the late post-harvest and late lean seasons. Season and recall on a market day had the strongest effects on nutrient intakes among covariates examined. Unadjusted within- to between-person variance ratios ranged from 4·5 to 31·3. In components of variance models, season accounted for 3–20 % of nutrient intake variance. Particularly in rural settings in low- and middle-income countries, where availability of locally grown, nutrient-rich foods may vary seasonally, studies should include replicates across seasons to more precisely estimate long-term usual intakes.

scholarly journals Identifying Rheumatoid Arthritis Cases within the Quebec Health Administrative Database

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (12) ◽  
pp. 1570-1576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeinab F. Slim ◽  
Cristiano Soares de Moura ◽  
Sasha Bernatsky ◽  
Elham Rahme
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Latent Class Models ◽  
Point Prevalence ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Prevalence Estimate ◽  
Misclassification Error ◽  
Billing Data ◽  
Physician Billing ◽  
Prevalence Estimates

Objective.Our objective was to calculate rheumatoid arthritis (RA) point prevalence estimates in the CARTaGENE cohort, as well as to estimate the sensitivity and specificity of our ascertainment approach, using physician billing data. We investigated the effects of using varying observation windows in the Régie de l’assurance maladie du Québec (RAMQ) health services administrative databases, alone or in combination with self-reported diagnoses and drugs.Methods.We studied subjects enrolled in the CARTaGENE cohort, which recruited 19,995 participants from 4 metropolitan regions in Québec from August 2009 to October 2010. A series of Bayesian latent class models were developed to assess the effects of 3 factors: the number of years of billing data, the addition of self-reported information on RA diagnoses and drugs, and the adjustment for misclassification error.Results.The 3-year 2010 point prevalence estimate among cohort members aged 40–69 years, using physician billing plus self-report, adjusting for misclassification error in each source, was 0.9% [95% credible interval (CrI) 0.7–1.2] with RAMQ sensitivity of 84.0% (95% CrI 74.0–93.7) and a specificity of 99.8% (95% CrI 99.6–100.0). Our results show variations in the prevalence point estimates related to all 3 factors investigated.Conclusion.Our study illustrates that multiple data sources identify more RA cases and thus a higher prevalence estimate. RA point prevalence estimates using billing data are lower if fewer years of data are used.

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