scholarly journals Whole grain health claims in the USA and other efforts to increase whole-grain consumption

2003 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Len Marquart ◽  
Kathryn L. Wiemer ◽  
Julie M. Jones ◽  
Brenda Jacob
Keyword(s):  
Drug Administration ◽  
Food And Drug Administration ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Health Claims ◽  
Nutrition Labeling ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Scientific Consensus ◽  
Grain Products ◽  
Grain Foods

In response to the 1990 Nutrition Labeling and Education Act, the Food and Drug Administration approved seven health claims that addressed the relationship between broad food categories and risk of certain chronic diseases. These claims are based on scientific consensus that includes epidemiological, animal and clinical research. The Food and Drug Administration also established a process to petition for new health claims that address substance-disease relationships supported by adequate scientific and specific regulatory requirements. The whole grain-cancer and heart disease authoritative statement health claim approved in July 1999 followed a completely different process mandated by the Food and Drug Administration Modernization Act of 1997. It is based on an authoritative statement made by a government body that represents scientific consensus and is supported by other scientific agencies and organizations. The scientific basis for the claim published in Diet and Health reflects a comprehensive and deliberative review of epidemiological, animal and human studies by the National Academy of Sciences Committee on Diet and Health. Health claims used on whole-grain products can attract the attention of health-conscious consumers and are important tools in communicating health messages. However, the US public consumes substantially fewer whole-grain servings than recommended by US dietary guidance. Reasons given by consumers for not purchasing whole-grain foods include colour, price, softness, texture, moisture content and taste. Developing tastier value-added whole-grain foods along with simple coordinated messages from industry, the scientific community, public health experts and government will help consumers identify, purchase and consume more whole-grain products.

scholarly journals The Triple Jags of Dietary Fibers in Cereals: How Biotechnology Is Longing for High FiberGrains

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ermelinda Botticella ◽  
Daniel Valentin Savatin ◽  
Francesco Sestili
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Grain Products ◽  
Macro And Micronutrients ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Grain Foods ◽  
Significant Health

Cereals represent an important source of beneficial compounds for human health, such as macro- and micronutrients, vitamins, and bioactive molecules. Generally, the consumption of whole-grain products is associated with significant health benefits, due to the elevated amount of dietary fiber (DF). However, the consumption of whole-grain foods is still modest compared to more refined products. In this sense, it is worth focusing on the increase of DF fractions inside the inner compartment of the seed, the endosperm, which represents the main part of the derived flour. The main components of the grain fiber are arabinoxylan (AX), β-glucan (βG), and resistant starch (RS). These three components are differently distributed in grains, however, all of them are represented in the endosperm. AX and βG, classified as non-starch polysaccharides (NSP), are in cell walls, whereas, RS is in the endosperm, being a starch fraction. As the chemical structure of DFs influences their digestibility, the identification of key actors involved in their metabolism can pave the way to improve their function in human health. Here, we reviewed the main achievements of plant biotechnologies in DFs manipulation in cereals, highlighting new genetic targets to be exploited, and main issues to face to increase the potential of cereals in fighting malnutrition.

scholarly journals Global review of heart health claims for oat beta-glucan products

2020 ◽  
Vol 78 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 78-97
Author(s):  
Rebecca Mathews ◽  
Alison Kamil ◽  
YiFang Chu
Keyword(s):  
Drug Administration ◽  
Food And Drug Administration ◽  
Health Claims ◽  
Soluble Fiber ◽  
Beta Glucan ◽  
Oat Bran ◽  
The Us ◽  
Cereal Fiber ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of death globally. Consumption of whole grains and cereal fiber, as part of a healthy diet, can lower the risk of CHD. Health claims on food products are effective in helping consumers select healthful diets. The US Food and Drug Administration was the first to approve a health claim, in 1997, between beta-glucan soluble fiber from whole oats, oat bran, and whole oat flour and reduced risk of CHD. Only a few countries have approved similar claims. Since 1997, a significant amount of additional evidence has been published on the relationship between oat beta-glucan and CHD. To assist other jurisdictions in potentially utilizing this claim, the full extent of data that supports this claim (ie, the evidence utilized by the US Food and Drug Administration to substantiate the claim, as well as the results of 49 clinical trials published since 1997) are reviewed here. The complexities involved in authoring evidence-based health claims, including the impact of processing on beta-glucan cholesterol-lowering efficacy in approving eligible beta-glucan products, are also discussed.

The Statistics of Nutrition Sampling and Analysis

1974 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 1181-1189
Author(s):  
Howard R Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Drug Administration ◽  
Natural Variation ◽  
Food And Drug Administration ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Nutrition Labeling ◽  
Critical Importance ◽  
Analytical Methodology ◽  
Labeling Regulations ◽  
Analytical Variation

Abstract It is widely recognized that there is natural variation in the nutrient content of food products. When one attempts to measure nutrient levels, another source of variation becomes apparent—that inherent in the measurement process itself. Analytical variation is, of course, apparent when different methods are used but can also occur with the same method because of differences among laboratories and/or analysts. Both in its own right and more especially with regard to evaluating compliance with labeling regulations, method variability is of critical importance. In order to appreciate the role of analytical methodology, the nutrition labeling regulations and the procedures by which the Food and Drug Administration will assess compliance must first be thoroughly understood. This paper is directed toward that understanding.

scholarly journals Wholegrain health claims in Europe

2003 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
David P. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Health Claims ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Health Implications ◽  
Joint Health ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Grain Foods ◽  
The Eu

Wholegrain foods are important sources of nutrients and phyto-protective components, which are in short supply in many member states of the EU, including the UK. Encouraging the public to increase consumption of whole-grain foods is a positive health message that has critical public health implications. In February 2002 the UK Joint Health Claims Initiative (JHCI) published its authoritative endorsement that whole-grain foods are associated with a healthy heart (Joint Health Claims Initiative, 2002). This new health claim reflects a similar one in the USA based on the accumulation of epidemiological evidence between 1996 and 2001 from several very large cohort studies in the USA, Finland and Norway, which show a consistent protective effect of whole grain and reduced risk of CHD. The JHCI code of practice on health claims requires that the claimed benefit must be scientifically valid, with evidence supporting efficacy of the food in human consumers, under typical conditions of use. The evidence-based approach consists of the identification of studies, an evaluation of individual references, a critical evaluation of the totality of the evidence and a statement that there is significant scientific agreement to establish the validity of the claim. The studies suggest that an intake of three servings per d may have an important cardio-protective effect. The development of a process for the substantiation of health claims in the UK and in the EU is important to underpin regulatory developments, which should protect the consumer, promote fair trade and encourage innovation in the food industry. The present paper sets out the format of the scientific dossier that was presented to the JHCI and includes a call to promote further research to identify the important protective components in the whole grain ‘package’ and the biological mechanisms behind the observed beneficial effects on health. The major sources of whole grain in the UK are bread and breakfast cereals, and >90% of adults in the UK consume less than three servings per d. Increasing the variety and availability of acceptable whole-grain foods could lead to greater consumption levels, which has important public health implications and offers an attractive and food-based dietary strategy for targeting the whole population.

scholarly journals Identifying whole grain foods: a comparison of different approaches for selecting more healthful whole grain products

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 2255-2264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca S Mozaffarian ◽  
Rebekka M Lee ◽  
Mary A Kennedy ◽  
David S Ludwig ◽  
Dariush Mozaffarian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grocery Store ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Added Sugars ◽  
Ratio Criterion ◽  
Lower Likelihood ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Grain Products ◽  
Grain Foods

AbstractObjectiveEating whole grains (WG) is recommended for health, but multiple conflicting definitions exist for identifying whole grain (WG) products, limiting the ability of consumers and organizations to select such products. We investigated how five recommended WG criteria relate to healthfulness and price of grain products.DesignWe categorized grain products by different WG criteria including: the industry-sponsored Whole Grain stamp (WG-Stamp); WG as the first ingredient (WG-first); WG as the first ingredient without added sugars (WG-first-no-added-sugars); the word ‘whole’ before any grain in the ingredients (‘whole’-anywhere); and a content of total carbohydrate to fibre of ≤10:1 (10:1-ratio). We investigated associations of each criterion with health-related characteristics including fibre, sugars, sodium, energy, trans-fats and price.SettingTwo major grocery store chains.SubjectsFive hundred and forty-five grain products.ResultsEach WG criterion identified products with higher fibre than products considered non-WG; the 10:1-ratio exhibited the largest differences (+3·15 g/serving, P < 0·0001). Products achieving the 10:1-ratio also contained lower sugar (−1·28 g/serving, P = 0·01), sodium (−15·4 mg/serving, P = 0·04) and likelihood of trans-fats (OR = 0·14, P < 0·0001), without energy differences. WG-first-no-added-sugars performed similarly, but identified many fewer products as WG and also not a lower likelihood of containing trans-fats. The WG-Stamp, WG-first and ‘whole’-anywhere criteria identified products with a lower likelihood of trans-fats, but also significantly more sugars and energy (P < 0·05 each). Products meeting the WG-Stamp or 10:1-ratio criterion were more expensive than products that did not (+$US 0·04/serving, P = 0·009 and +$US 0·05/serving, P = 0·003, respectively).ConclusionsAmong proposed WG criteria, the 10:1-ratio identified the most healthful WG products. Other criteria performed less well, including the industry-supported WG-Stamp which identified products with higher fibre and lower trans-fats, but also higher sugars and energy. These findings inform efforts by consumers, organizations and policy makers to identify healthful WG products.

Can Consumers Interpret Nutrition Information in the Presence of a Health Claim? A Laboratory Investigation

1996 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary T. Ford ◽  
Manoj Hastak ◽  
Anusree Mitra ◽  
Debra Jones Ringold
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiment ◽  
Laboratory Investigation ◽  
Drug Administration ◽  
Food And Drug Administration ◽  
Health Claims ◽  
Nutrition Information ◽  
Food Label ◽  
Health Claim ◽  
Consumer Beliefs ◽  
Independent Effects

The authors report the results of a laboratory experiment that investigates whether consumers can evaluate nutrition information in the presence of a health claim. Results show that both health claims and nutrition information influence beliefs about product healthfulness. However, health claims do not influence the processing of nutrition information on a food label. Rather, health claims and nutrition information have independent effects on consumer beliefs. The authors discuss the implications of these findings for the Food and Drug Administration policy on limiting health claims.

scholarly journals Orthodox and Unorthodox Uses of Electronic Cigarettes: A Surveillance of YouTube Video Content

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 1378-1384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mignonne C Guy ◽  
Jacob Helt ◽  
Sherilyn Palafox ◽  
Kellie Green ◽  
Eric K Soule ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Drug Administration ◽  
Open Systems ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Food And Drug Administration ◽  
Production Quality ◽  
General Information ◽  
Health Claims ◽  
Health Study ◽  
The Us

Abstract Introduction Open electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) systems are customizable by consumers and often allow for potential “unorthodox” use of the product; that is, use not as intended by the manufacturer. Little is known about the types and prevalence of unorthodox uses and how these practices are transmitted via popular social media. Methods Monthly searches of YouTube were conducted from June through November 2016 using the following search terms: “e-cigarettes,” “vaping,” and “e-juice.” After collecting static and dynamic data on the 150 videos identified, two coders independently coded videos for general information, unorthodox use behaviors, health claims, and production quality and characteristics for orthodox and unorthodox use. Intercoder reliability was high (Cohen’s κ 0.81, p < .001). Results One hundred fifty videos were included in the study with a total of 115 551 563 views. We identified nine categories of unorthodox uses of e-cigarettes. Unorthodox use was three times as prevalent as orthodox use. Seventy-seven percent of the unorthodox use videos included recreational e-cigarette use, 57% included modification of mechanical parts and components, and 44.6% included unorthodox substance application (dripping). There were more than twice as many social media links in videos depicting unorthodox compared to orthodox use, but the level of engagement was lower for unorthodox use. Conclusions E-cigarette unorthodox use on YouTube is more prevalent than orthodox use, suggesting the need to further investigate the prevalence of unorthodox use among e-cigarette users and the influence of social media on consumer uptake of unorthodox and orthodox uses of e-cigarettes. Implications The US Food and Drug Administration has regulatory authority over e-cigarettes, parts and components. Many e-cigarettes currently marketed are open systems. Closed systems may allow less manipulation and may influence the safety of these products. This study provides valuable information on ways that open system e-cigarettes are used and it can inform safety tests that can be conducted by the US Food and Drug Administration to determine whether or not these products should remain on the market. In addition, our definitions of unorthodox use can be incorporated into the Population Assessment of Tobacco on Health Study to better understand the prevalence of these behaviors.

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