Accounting Reforms in China: Cultural Constraints on Implementation and Development

1995 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynne Min-ying Chow ◽  
Gerald Kun-kwai Chau ◽  
Sidney J. Gray
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Constraints

Design Capability for Science-based Innovation

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
ROTHKÖTTER Stefanie ◽  
Craig C. GARNER ◽  
Sándor VAJNA
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Scientific Discovery ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Research Interest ◽  
Design Practice ◽  
Design Technology ◽  
Innovation Potential ◽  
Design Integration ◽  
Cultural Constraints

In light of a growing research interest in the innovation potential that lies at the inter­section of design, technology, and science, this paper offers a literature review of design initiatives centered on scientific discovery and invention. The focus of this paper is on evidence of design capabilities in the academic research environment. The results are structured along the Four Orders of Design, with examples of design-in-science initiatives ranging from (1) the design of scientific figures and (2) laboratory devices using new technology to (3) interactions in design workshops for scientists and (4) inter­disciplinary design labs. While design capabilities have appeared in all four orders of design, there are barriers and cultural constraints that have to be taken into account for working at or researching these creative intersections. Modes of design integration and potentially necessary adaptations of design practice are therefore also highlighted.

scholarly journals Global evidence of constraints and limits to human adaptation

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adelle Thomas ◽  
Emily Theokritoff ◽  
Alexandra Lesnikowski ◽  
Diana Reckien ◽  
Kripa Jagannathan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Behavioral Adaptation ◽  
Human Adaptation ◽  
Small Islands ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Adaptation Response ◽  
Cultural Constraints ◽  
Global Evidence

AbstractConstraints and limits to adaptation are critical to understanding the extent to which human and natural systems can successfully adapt to climate change. We conduct a systematic review of 1,682 academic studies on human adaptation responses to identify patterns in constraints and limits to adaptation for different regions, sectors, hazards, adaptation response types, and actors. Using definitions of constraints and limits provided by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), we find that most literature identifies constraints to adaptation but that there is limited literature focused on limits to adaptation. Central and South America and Small Islands generally report greater constraints and both hard and soft limits to adaptation. Technological, infrastructural, and ecosystem-based adaptation suggest more evidence of constraints and hard limits than other types of responses. Individuals and households face economic and socio-cultural constraints which also inhibit behavioral adaptation responses and may lead to limits. Finance, governance, institutional, and policy constraints are most prevalent globally. These findings provide early signposts for boundaries of human adaptation and are of high relevance for guiding proactive adaptation financing and governance from local to global scales.

scholarly journals Role of Pakhtun Women in Politics: A Case Study of Begum Zari Sarfaraz

2021 ◽  
Vol VI (I) ◽  
pp. 470-476
Author(s):  
Hazrat Bilal ◽  
Shaista Gohar ◽  
Ayaz Ali Shah
Keyword(s):  
Political Participation ◽  
Active Role ◽  
The Political ◽  
Women In Politics ◽  
Independence Movement ◽  
Cultural Constraints ◽  
Political Scene ◽  
Shed Light

An effort has been made to revisit the political participation of Pakhtun women in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa former NWFP. The active role in the politics of Pakhtun women was quite difficult due to socio-cultural constraints. In such circumstances a woman from the elite class emerged on the political scene of NWFP; Begum Zari Sarfaraz who not only participated in the independence movement of Pakistan but also participated in politics after the creation of Pakistan and had rendered great services for women folk as members of national and provincial assemblies. The paper shed light on her opposition to One Unit. The paper also investigates the reason that why she quit politics. There is hardly any literature on the role of Begum Zari Sarfaraz in the politics of Pakistan.

scholarly journals O Papel da Ocitocina na Profilaxia da Hemorragia Pós-Parto em Locais com Recursos Limitados

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (13) ◽  
Author(s):  
Inês Ferreira ◽  
Ana Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Postpartum Hemorrhage ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Cultural Barriers ◽  
Low Resource Settings ◽  
Low Resource ◽  
Widespread Access ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Demand For Health ◽  
Cultural Constraints

Introduction: Postpartum hemorrhage remains one of the leading causes of maternal death globally. Oxytocin is the uterotonic agent of choice for the prophylaxis of this complication. However, its use in low-resource settings is associated with clinical, political, economic and cultural constraints. The goal of this article is to describe the use of oxytocin for postpartum hemorrhage prophylaxis in low-resource settings.Material and Methods: A literature review on the topic was carried out, and 24 articles were included.Results: The information was organized into seven sections: the evaluation of the efficacy of oxytocin compared to other uterotonics, the use of oxytocin in home births, the training of healthcare professionals, the quality of the available oxytocin, the new formulations, the risks associated with the use of uterotonic and the adopted health policies.Discussion: Despite the progress achieved widespread access to oxytocin for postpartum hemorrhage prophylaxis in low-resource settings is less than desirable. The main difficulties encountered were the shortage of skilled healthcare professionals for oxytocin administration, deficiencies concerning the quality of the drug and the inadequacy of available clinical guidelines.Conclusion: In order to reduce maternal mortality caused by postpartum hemorrhage in low-resource settings, it is essential to improve the knowledge of healthcare professionals, to implement good practices on the use of uterotonics, to optimize resource management and to overcome cultural barriers that prevent the demand for health services.

scholarly journals Female Judges in Saudi Arabia, Hope Versus Reality

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Samah al-Agha
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Saudi Arabian ◽  
Qualitative Research Method ◽  
Secondary Resources ◽  
Legal Constraints ◽  
Cultural Constraints

Abstract The purpose of this research is to identify and explore the factors that have contributed to the prevention of women from working in the Saudi Arabian judiciary from the viewpoints of male Saudi judges. The study applies the qualitative research method and uses interviews to obtain the required data. It uses primary and secondary resources to support the arguments. The data analysis reveals three main themes under which these factors fall: the legal constraints, the religious constraints, and the cultural constraints. Finally, the study concludes with some findings and recommendations with regard to employing women in the judiciary.

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