A panoramic perspective of travel and tourism in Iddia during COVID 19

It has always been seen that the cuisine of a respective place has always been considered by a vacationer. Local food has always been considered as an important & a distinct element for a destination. The study focuses on different factors taken into consideration by a vacationer during the local cuisine experimentation. The literature also indicates the different factors like flavor, money value etc. which actually directs the consumption of cuisine of the respective place. The impact of COVID has also been analyzed to get an insight into the effect on an international perspective. At the same time, various policies have also been discussed with respect to various secondary resources.

Production of Natural Anthocyanin Dye from Secondary Resources of Fruit Winemaking

В настоящее время вовлечение вторичных материальных ресурсов в производственный цикл и, как следствие, предотвращение образования отходов - одно из приоритетных направлений развития пищевой и перерабатывающей промышленности в области совершенствования пищевых производств. Плоды аронии, как сырье для промышленной переработки, используются для получения разнообразной продукции, в том числе сиропов, соков, безалкогольных напитков, вин и крепких напитков, в процессе производства которых образуются вторичные сырьевые ресурсы - некондиционное сырье, выжимка (кожица, семена, косточки, часть мякоти), отстой, осадки и др. Целью работы было получение антоцианового красителя из вторичных ресурсов плодового виноделия, выжимки аронии черноплодной. Для максимального извлечения антоцианов из выжимки проводили 3-кратную экстракцию спиртом этиловым ректификованным (96%об.) и водно-спиртовым раствором (45%об.). В полученных образцах красителей исследовали качественные показатели: растворимость, содержание сухих веществ, содержание красящих веществ, термическую стойкость. В результате проведенных исследований была установлена эффективность экстракции красящих веществ из выжимки сушеной и замороженной (без размораживания), с использованием в качестве экстрагента спирта этилового ректификованного. Полученные антоциановые красители устойчивы к воздействию температур до 70 °С. Предложенный способ получения антоциановых красителей из аронии черноплодной характеризуется мягким режимом извлечения красящих веществ без применения высоких температур, позволяет минимизировать количество технологических операций и энергозатрат. At present, the involvement of secondary material resources in the production cycle and, as a result, the prevention of waste generation is one of the priority areas for the development of the food and processing industry in the field of improving food production. Chokeberry fruits, as a raw material for industrial processing, are used to obtain a variety of products, including syrups, juices, soft drinks, wines and spirits, during the production of which secondary raw materials are formed - substandard raw materials, pomace (peel, seeds, part of the pulp), sludge, sediments, etc. The purpose of the work was to obtain anthocyanin dye from secondary resources of fruit winemaking, chokeberry pomace. To maximize the extraction of anthocyanins from the pomace, a 3-fold extraction was carried out with rectified ethyl alcohol (96% vol.) And an aqueous-alcoholic solution (45% vol.). In the obtained samples of dyes, qualitative indicators were researched: solubility, dry matter content; content of dyes, thermal stability. As a result of the research, the efficiency of the extraction of dyes from dried and frozen pomace (without defrosting) was established, using rectified ethyl alcohol as an extractant. The obtained anthocyanin dyes are resistant to temperatures up to 70 °C. The proposed method for producing anthocyanin dyes from chokeberry is characterized by a mild regime for extracting dyes without the use of high temperatures, which makes it possible to minimize the number of technological operations and energy consumption.

Mapping of waste and secondary resources management facilities on the example of the Arctic zone of Russia

The article deals with the issues of cartographic support development for effective decision making support in the field of waste and secondary resources management. The analysis of foreign experience is adduced, the database of the sources of recyclable materials is collected and illustrated by an example of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, some mapping results are presented. The presented technological devices can be used for the development of systems for data collecting, storing and processing in the field of environmental management.

Intraspecific Competition and the Promotion of Ecological Specialization

The evolution of ecological specialization can be summed up in a single question: why would a species evolve a more-restricted niche space? Various hypotheses have been developed to explain the promotion or suppression of ecological specialization. One hypothesis, competitive diversification, states that increased intraspecific competition will cause a population to broaden its niche breadth. With individuals alike in resource use preference, more individuals reduce the availability of preferred resources and should grant higher fitness to those that use secondary resources. However, recent studies cast doubt on this hypothesis with increased intraspecific competition reducing niche breadth in some systems. We present a game-theoretic evolutionary model showing greater ecological specialization with intraspecific competition under specific conditions. This is in contrast to the competitive diversification hypothesis. Our analysis reveals that specialization can offer a competitive advantage. Largely, when facing weak competition, more specialized individuals are able to acquire more of the preferred resources without greatly sacrificing secondary resources and therefore gain higher fitness. Only when competition is too great for an individual to significantly affect resource use will intraspecific competition lead to an increased niche breadth. Other conditions, such as a low diversity of resources and a low penalty to specialization, help promote ecological specialization in the face of intraspecific competition. Through this work, we have been able to discover a previously unseen role that intraspecific competition plays in the evolution of ecological specialization.

Selective Extraction of Platinum(IV) from the Simulated Secondary Resources Using Simple Secondary Amide and Urea Extractants

The recycling of rare metals such as platinum (Pt) from secondary resources, such as waste electronic and electrical equipment and automotive catalysts, is an urgent global issue. In this study, simple secondary amides and urea, N-(2-ethylhexyl)acetamide, N-(2-ethylhexyl)octanamide, and 1-butyl-3-(2-ethylhexyl)urea, which selectively extract Pt(IV) from a simulated effluent containing numerous metal ions, such as in an actual hydrometallurgical process, were synthesized and achieved efficient Pt(IV) stripping using only water. Comparison of Pt(IV) extraction behavior with a tertiary amide without N–H moieties suggests that the secondary amides and urea extractants effectively use hydrogen bonding to the hexachloroplatinate anion by N–H moieties. Examining the conditions for the third phase formation revealed that the secondary amide extractant with the longest alkyl chain can be used in the extraction process for a long time without forming any third phase, despite its lower Pt(IV) extraction capacity. The practical trial with simple compounds developed in this study should contribute to the development of Pt separation and purification processes.

Unification Trails and Heritage Tourism Potential in Nepal

By the end of the eighteenth and early twentieth century, Shah Kings of Nepal succeeded in bringing together several small kingdoms under the Gorkha rule. King Prithvi Narayan Shah and his successors– led Gorkhali troops fought wars and travelled through several routes and trails across the Trans–Himalayas to expand the vast geography from Gorkha to Tista River in the east and Kangra fort in the west. In this background, this paper examines the importance of the unification trails, the routes used by Gorkhali troops, to unify neighboring principalities that eventually developed into modern Nepal. The unification trails are less explored issues in Nepal. In recent years, they have become popular historical sites for trekkers, visitors, researchers and historians to explore how Gorkhali soldiers skillfully expanded the territory. This is a descriptive and exploratory study based on historical facts and secondary resources. This paper concludes that the unification trails have historical and contemporary relevance for research as well as tourism potential. As one of the crucial forces to revitalize these trails, Nepali Army has constantly engaged with local people, and thus, promoting tourism activities. It offers the local communities the pathways of connection, avenues for development, basis for serving the daily livelihood and increase of income for the medium and small size entrepreneurs, workers, and other disadvantaged groups located along these trails.