The Military of Qajar Iran: The Features of an Irregular Army from the Eighteenth to the Early Twentieth Century

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-354
Author(s):  
Uzi Rabi ◽  
Nugzar Ter-Oganov
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
The Military

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Andrew Byers
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Research Methodology ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
Medical Interventions ◽  
War Department ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
The Military ◽  
The U.S

This chapter provides an overview of why the U.S. Army sought to address perceived problems caused by soldiers’ sexual interactions with civilians and other soldiers as the army deployed across the Caribbean and into the Pacific and Europe in the early twentieth century. Military planners, army leaders, War Department officials, and civilian observers of the military were intensely concerned about issues related to sexuality because they tended to believe that soldiers had irrepressible sexual needs that could cause harm to the army. The army also believed that by instituting a series of legal regulations and medical interventions, it could mitigate the damages to the institution arising from sex, while also shaping soldiers’ sexuality in ways the army and interested civilian parties might find more acceptable. The chapter describes the research methodology and chapter overviews for the book as a whole.

scholarly journals Stimulation, Segregation and Scandal: Geographies of Prostitution Regulation in British India, between Registration (1888) and Suppression (1923)

2012 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 1459-1505 ◽  
Author(s):  
STEPHEN LEGG
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Central Government ◽  
British India ◽  
Colonial India ◽  
Contagious Diseases ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Military ◽  
Indian Cities

AbstractThis paper explores the regulation of prostitution in colonial India between the abolition of the Indian Contagious Diseases Act in 1888 and the passing of the first Suppression of Immoral Traffic Act in 1923. It challenges the commonly held assumption that prostitutes naturally segregated themselves in Indian cities, and shows that this was a policy advocated by the Government of India. The object was to prevent the military visiting these segregated areas, in the absence of effective Cantonment Regulations for registering, inspecting, and treating prostitutes. The central government stimulated provincial segregation through expressing its desires via demi-official memoranda and confidential correspondence, to which Rangoon and Bombay responded most willingly. The second half of the paper explores the conditions, in both India and Ceylon, that made these segregated areas into scandalous sites in the early twentieth century. It situates the brothel amongst changing beliefs that they: increased rather than decreased incidents of homosexuality; stimulated trafficking in women and children; and encouraged the spread of scandalous white prostitutes ‘up-country’, beyond their tolerated location in coastal cosmopolitan ports. Taken alongside demands that the state support social reform in the early twentieth century, segregation provided the tipping point for the shift towards suppression from 1917 onwards. It also illustrates the scalar shifts in which central-local relations, and relations between provinces, in government were being negotiated in advance of the dyarchy system formalized in 1919.

scholarly journals Legislation of the Russian empire on the land military clergy of the early twentieth century (1900—1917)

2019 ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
Александр Лушин ◽  
Aleksandr Lushin ◽  
Ксения Чудецкая ◽  
Kseniya Chudeckaya
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
World War ◽  
Imperial Russia ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Domestic Legislation ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Military ◽  
First World

This article is devoted to the intensive development of domestic legislation regulating the activities of the military clergy in the early twentieth century, when the Russian army had to take part consistently in two wars: the Russian-Japanese (1904-1905) and the First world war or the great (1914-1918). The historical and legal experience of the military clergy of Imperial Russia at the present time is of reasonable interest in connection with the revival and development of this institution in the modern power structures of the Russian Federation.

Martial Identities in Colonial Nigeria (c. 1900–1960)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-32
Author(s):  
Timothy J. Stapleton
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Language Difficulties ◽  
British Colonial ◽  
Local Reactions ◽  
Military Institutions ◽  
The Military

Abstract In British colonial Nigeria, the military was more heterogeneous than previously thought and British ideas about “martial races” changed depending on local reactions to recruiting. In the early twentieth century British officers saw the northern Hausa and southwestern Yoruba, who dominated the ranks, as civilized “martial races.” The Yoruba stopped enlisting given new prospects and protest, and southeasterners like the Igbo rejected recruiting given language difficulties and resistance. The British then perceived all southern Nigerians as lacking martial qualities. Although Hausa enlistment also declined with opportunities and religious objections, the inter-war army developed a northern ethos through Hausa language and the northern location of military institutions. The rank-and-file became increasingly diverse including northern and Middle Belt minorities, seen by the British as primitive warriors and as insurance against Muslim revolt, enlisting because of poverty. From 1930, military identities in Nigeria polarized with uneducated northern/Middle Belt infantry and literate southern technicians.

scholarly journals Form and Style in Two of Percy Grainger’s Early Works for Military Band

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
John David Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Compositional Style ◽  
Folk Songs ◽  
Voice Leading ◽  
Military Band ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Original Works ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
The Military

Percy Grainger’s compositions during the early twentieth century represent a unique blend of traditional functional harmony and newer musical techniques. This blending produces a distinct compositional style associated with Grainger, featuring simple forms and textures, melodies inspired by traditional folk songs, extended tertian harmony, and an emphasis on voice leading. Grainger’s works often cross genres and explore various instrumentations and stylistic choices. This paper attempts to further define and explain Grainger’s style by analyzing two of his original works that were arranged for the military band setting, namely Children’s March: Over the Hills and Far Away and Colonial Song. Examining these two works through the lens of harmony, melody, form, texture, and rhythm reveals key aspects of Grainger’s early compositional style. Several stylistic choices were found to recur, including Grainger’s use of counterpoint, voice leading, descending chromaticism, specific patterns of articulations, and tension created by increased note density.

scholarly journals A View of Sydney: The Taylor Panorama Reassessed

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Skinner
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
British Society ◽  
Military Officer ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
South Wales ◽  
The Military ◽  
Settlement Analysis ◽  
Insight Into

In the 1820s British society had the opportunity to experience life in Sydney, New South Wales through the publication of a panorama of the military officer, Major James Taylor (1785–1829). The 1823 aquatints of his watercolours presented views of Sydney from the military area on the present-day Observation Hill. As well as communicating Governor Lachlan Macquarie’s progressive vision for a colony that was advancing beyond its status as a penal settlement, it presented its audience with narratives of life in Sydney. Taylor’s panorama survives through four preparatory watercolours and the three elegant aquatints. This publication drew sufficient interest to prompt subsequent editions in France and Britain. By the early twentieth century the work was valued in Australia as a record of the fabric of colonial Sydney, with later researchers discussing Taylor’s representation of various participants’ roles in the fledgling settlement. Analysis of Taylor’s study and its publication in Europe provides further insight into his composition and its reception, as well as furthering our understanding of life in New South Wales at that time.

scholarly journals Razzle Dazzle

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (80) ◽  
pp. 29-42
Author(s):  
Jens Tang Kristensen
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Complex Form ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Visual Expression ◽  
The Military

Jens Tang Kristensen: “Razzle Dazzle. The Camouflaged Avant-Garde”This article demonstrates that Razzle Dazzle, a type of camouflage applied to war and merchant ships in the early twentieth century, can be seen as a complex form of visual expression that emerged in close dialogue with several of the avant-garde movements which appeared in the same period. In a sense Razzle Dazzle can thus further be seen as a mode by which the avant-garde was inadvertently integrated into the military sector, which certain avant-garde groups, namely the Futurists, idealized.

scholarly journals Tsvyntar Olʹshany u Prazi yak mistse pamʺyati ukrayintsiv

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 261-273
Author(s):  
Ihor Stambol
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Information Space ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
The People ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Military

The article clarifies the role of the Olshany cemetery in Prague as a location for the memory of Ukrainians and about Ukrainians. Olshany is one of the largest necropolises of prominent Ukrainians outside Ukraine. Most Ukrainians buried here became emigrants as a result of the defeat of the Ukrainian National Revolution of 1917-1921. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate the perception of this necropolis among Ukrainians, to show some aspects of mentions of Olshany in the Ukrainian information space and to find out its possible role as a place of memory. The topic of Olshany became more active in the Ukrainian media in 2017 due to the threat of losing the grave of one of the most prominent Ukrainian poets of the early twentieth century – Oleksandr Oles (Kandyba) and his wife. The periodicity of attention to Olshany is explained by the interest of Ukrainians in the subject of the Ukrainian National Revolution of 1917-1921, which also acquires a greater resonance closer to the memorable dates. Members of the Ukrainian governments buried in the cemetery, including Fedor Shvets, Stepan Siropolko, Volodymyr Leontovych, Sofia Rusova, Hryhoriy Sydorenko, Apollinarii Marshynsky, as well as scientists and artists Spiridon Cherkasenko, Mykola Andrusov, Yevhen Ivanenko and others, together with the military UGA, are very important part of the memory of Ukrainian post-revolutionary emigration, and involve people in understanding their destinies through the fields in which they were engaged before, during and after the Revolution. That is why Olshany already acts as a place of memory for Ukrainian historians, teachers, diplomats, etc. But given the professional diversity of the people buried there and the significant legacy they have left behind, this place has greater potential. And new generations of Ukrainians who work or study in the Czech Republic now can contribute even more to this.

Taylored Citizenship: State Institutions and Subjectivity. By Char Roone Miller. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers, 2001. 224p. $66.00.

2002 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 807-808
Author(s):  
Stephen Schneck
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
The Body ◽  
Educational Reforms ◽  
Administrative Practices ◽  
Parallel Application ◽  
Efficient Organization ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
The Military

Few political scientists would recognize the name Frederick Winslow Taylor. Yet by Char Roone Miller's analysis, Taylor's early-twentieth-century “scientific” reforms in management and administrative practices play out in a ubiquitous and subtle process that shapes citizenship in modern America. The application of Taylor-inspired techniques to the reform of the military in the mid-twentieth century and their curiously parallel application in educational reforms receive Miller's closest attention. Much in the spirit of Michel Foucault's (1975) Discipline and Punish, Miller is concerned with demonstrating that ostensibly progressive efforts at efficient organization effectively routinize the production of consciousness, desire, and even the body.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document