Sex Differences in Test Performance of Matched Girl-Boy Pairs in the Five-To-Nine-Year-Old Age Range

Affective disturbances are a common consequence of organic brain lesions of varying aetiology, and it is to be expected that the differentiation between affective symptoms of “functional” origin and those resulting from organic lesions would become an increasingly difficult problem in an age-range which is particularly susceptible to pathological cerebral changes. In fact the classical accounts of mental disorder in old age convey the impression, by their emphasis on the depressive form of senile psychosis, that an affective disorder appearing in senescence is commonly the manifestation of some cerebral degenerative process. This is one of the sources of the widely prevalent view in contemporary clinical practice that there is a large group of cases in which dementia and a depressive (and less often a manic) symptom-complex are associated. The overlap being large, an ill-defined line of demarcation is held to exist in old age between the organic degenerative diseases and the affective illnesses of a “functional” kind.

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Sex differences of body fat distribution and cardiovascular dysmetabolic factors in old age

Age and Ageing ◽

10.1093/ageing/30.4.331 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

pp. 331-336 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

C.-H. Wu

Keyword(s):

Sex Differences ◽

Old Age ◽

Body Fat ◽

Fat Distribution ◽

Body Fat Distribution

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DDAA and Maternal Reflective Functions

Current Psychology ◽

10.1007/s12144-021-01818-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Alessandro Frolli ◽

Antonella Cavallaro ◽

Stephen Oduro ◽

Antonia Bosco ◽

Agnese Lombardi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Cognition ◽

Parent Training ◽

Old Age ◽

School Children ◽

Behavioral Problems ◽

Behavioral Symptoms ◽

Slight Reduction ◽

Central Idea ◽

Regulatory Functions ◽

Age Range

AbstractIn this study, we propose to examine two types of Parent Training (PT) under DDAA —behavioral and reflective types of PT. The central idea of our work is that the development of parenting educational skills cannot ignore the development of reflective and regulatory functions, which promote pre-mentalization, social cognition, and empathic skills. Because of the lack of studies on the efficacy of behavioral PT addressed to the parents of subjects with DDAA, this work took place. This study included 90 families whose children were diagnosed with the disorder of dysregulated anger and aggression (DDAA) according to criteria of CD 0–5 (2016). The sample included pre-school children aged between 2 and 3 years old (age range 2–3 years), who were equally divided into two groups based on the type of PT administered to the parents or caregivers. Our results indicate that the PT intervention, which is focused on the improvement of parental reflexive functions, helps in obtaining greater results even in the reduction of the externalizing behavioral symptoms. Additionally, results show that the intervention of PT with a behavioral matrix does not improve parental reflexive functions even if it guarantees a slight reduction of children’s behavioral problems.

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IQ Constancy in Disadvantaged Negro Children

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.1971.29.1.319 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 319-326 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Norman A. Milgram

Keyword(s):

Sex Differences ◽

Multiple Regression ◽

Test Performance ◽

Test Taking ◽

Comparison Test ◽

Initial Comparison ◽

Age Trends ◽

Iq Scores ◽

Formal Test

A longitudinal followup of 59 disadvantaged Negro children from age 3 to 8 indicated that: (1) their mean Binet IQ was relatively stable, while their Peabody IQ rose appreciably; (2) the magnitude of the correlation between earlier and later IQ scores was a function of the interval between test-retest and the age of the child on the initial comparison test; (3) ratings on test-taking behavior yielded significant sex differences and age trends; (4) ratings specific to formal test performance were significantly correlated with IQ scores of tests taken concurrent to the ratings and of tests taken one or more years later; (5) these ratings did not, however, enhance in multiple regression the correlation which obtained for predictor and criterion IQ scores alone. Findings were discussed in relation to other studies.

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The Influence of Visual Impairment on Physical Fitness Test Performance

Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness ◽

10.1177/0145482x8608000504 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 80 (5) ◽

pp. 729-731

Author(s):

Francis X. Short ◽

Joseph P. Winnick

Keyword(s):

Physical Fitness ◽

Visual Impairment ◽

Test Performance ◽

Visually Impaired ◽

Long Distance ◽

Physical Fitness Test ◽

Fitness Test ◽

Test Items ◽

Age Range ◽

Partially Sighted

The Project UNIQUE Physical Fitness Test was administered to 686 normally sighted and 484 visually impaired subjects in the 10-17 age range. Significant differences favoring the normally sighted were found for each of the six test items. The severity of the visual impairment was a significant factor on the two running items. Partially sighted subjects made better scores than legally blind subjects on the 50-yard dash and long-distance run. No significant differences between partially sighted and blind subjects were found for the non-running items in the test battery (skinfolds, grip strength, sit-ups and sit and reach). Findings suggested that, depending upon the purpose of the assessment, physical fitness test scores of the visually impaired generally should be compared to specially designed norms and that, on the running items, separate norms should be utilized for the blind and partially sighted.

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Sex Differences in the Associations between L-Arginine Pathway Metabolites, Skeletal Muscle Mass and Function, and their Responses to Resistance Exercise, in Old Age

The journal of nutrition health & aging ◽

10.1007/s12603-017-0964-6 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 534-540 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

M. da Boit ◽

S. Tommasi ◽

D. Elliot ◽

A. Zinellu ◽

S. Sotgia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Sex Differences ◽

Resistance Exercise ◽

Old Age ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽

And Function

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CORRELATION BETWEEN FORGIVENESS AND ADOLESCENCE FRIENDSHIP INTIMACY MODERATED BY GENDER

Jurnal Psikologi ◽

10.14710/jp.19.3.211-218 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 211-218

Author(s):

Heriatul Aisyah ◽

Ivan Muhammad Agung

Keyword(s):

Data Analysis ◽

Old Age ◽

Interpersonal Relationship ◽

Vital Role ◽

Moderator Variable ◽

Positive Correlation ◽

Adolescent Friendship ◽

Convenience Sampling ◽

Age Range ◽

Variable Analysis

Friendship intimacy is one of the critical developing aspects of adolescence. Previous research shows that forgiveness has a vital role in the interpersonal relationship. This research aims to find a correlation between forgiveness and adolescent friendship intimacy based on gender. Research’s participant consists of 250 teenagers (125 male and 125 female, M = 16.2, SD = .7, with 15-18 years old age range) in a Pekanbaru school. The sample was collected through convenience sampling. This study used the Friendship Intimacy Scale with α = .82 and Forgiveness Scale, with α = .94. Based on data analysis, a product-moment correlation shows a positive correlation between forgiveness and adolescence friendship intimacy (r = .273, p < .01), which means the higher the level of individual forgiveness is, the higher the friendship intimacy become. The moderator variable analysis shows that gender becomes a relationship moderator variable between forgiveness and adolescence friendship intimacy (p < .01), which means that correlation between forgiveness and friendship intimacy is more substantial on males than females.

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Examining Sex Differences in Markers of Cognition and Neurodegeneration in Autosomal Dominant Alzheimer’s Disease: Preliminary Findings from the Colombian Alzheimer’s Prevention Initiative Biomarker Study

Journal of Alzheimer s Disease ◽

10.3233/jad-200723 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 77 (4) ◽

pp. 1743-1753

Author(s):

Clara Vila-Castelar ◽

Edmarie Guzmán-Vélez ◽

Enmanuelle Pardilla-Delgado ◽

Rachel F. Buckley ◽

Yamile Bocanegra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Sex Differences ◽

Autosomal Dominant ◽

Volume Ratio ◽

Word List ◽

Hippocampal Volume ◽

Delayed Recall ◽

List Learning ◽

Age Range ◽

Female Carriers

Background: Growing evidence suggests that there may be a sex-specific biological risk for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Individuals with autosomal dominant AD due to a mutation (E280A) in Presenilin-1 (PSEN1) are genetically determined to develop early-onset dementia and thus, have few age-related risk factors for AD that are known to vary by sex (i.e., cardiovascular disease, menopause, life expectancy). Objective: Investigate sex differences in markers of cognition and neurodegeneration in autosomal dominant AD. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study in 19 cognitively-unimpaired PSEN1 mutation carriers (age range 20–44; 11 females), 11 symptomatic carriers (age range 42–56; 8 females), and 23 matched non-carriers family members (age range 20–50; 13 females). We examined hippocampal volume ratio, CERAD Total Score, and CERAD Word List (i.e., Learning, Delayed Recall, and Recognition). Mann-Whitney U tests, Spearman correlations and regression models were conducted. Results: There were no differential associations between age, CERAD Total Score, CERAD Word List–Learning, Delayed Recall, Recognition, and hippocampal volume ratio in male and female carriers and non-carriers. Cognitively-unimpaired female carriers showed better CERAD Total scores and CERAD Word List-Learning than cognitively-unimpaired male carriers, despite having similar hippocampal volume ratios. The interaction of sex and hippocampal volume ratio did not predict cognitive performance across groups. Conclusion: Our preliminary findings suggest that cognitively-unimpaired female carriers showed a verbal memory reserve, and as disease progresses, female carriers did not exhibit a cognitive susceptibility to AD-related neurodegeneration. Future studies with larger samples of autosomal dominant AD are warranted to further understand sex differences in AD-related clinical and pathological markers.

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