Brazil’s south–north labour income gap re-examined: evidence across purchasing power adjusted wage distributions

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Oliveira ◽  
Raul da Mota Silveira Neto
Keyword(s):  
Purchasing Power ◽  
Income Gap ◽  
Labour Income ◽  
Wage Distributions

Oil Prices: Limits to Growth and the Depth of Falling

2006 ◽  
pp. 28-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Bashmakov
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
Production Factor ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Purchasing Power ◽  
Limits To Growth ◽  
Technological Basis ◽  
Production Factors ◽  
Output Ratio

This article deals with the determination of future oil prices. The approach used is based on the evaluation of purchasing power limits and allows to put the limits to monopolistic price setting. Several important findings are formulated: going beyond the upper thresholds of purchasing power stipulates negative relationship between energy costs and GDP growth rates, and this brings the dynamics to energy demand to price elasticity. This approach is also based on what the author calls the economics of constants and variables, i.e. on the existence of very stable macroeconomic proportions, which may be observed throughout the whole period of statistical observations (over 200 years). It provides grounds for two conclusions. First, the upper limit of energy costs to the gross output ratio is determined by the least acceptable profitability. Second, the theoretical postulate on substantial production factors substitution used in the production functions theory may be incorrect. In reality, the change of the economy technological basis leads to the substitution of low quality production factor by the same factor with a higher quality. Application of this approach brings the basis for predicting oil prices for 2006-2008.

Aftermath Effect Of GST On Consumer Purchasing Power

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 (5) ◽  
pp. 122-131
Author(s):  
S. Thowseaf ◽  
M. Ayisha Millath ◽  
K. Malik Ali
Keyword(s):  
Living Standard ◽  
Purchasing Power ◽  
Percentage Increase ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Predominant Role ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Taxation System

Tax is an important source of income for the country. It is through tax; country strengthens its defense system, infrastructure, and government. Hence, tax system plays a predominant role in developing country’s economy. The complication in taxation system and liberty for taxpayers are key factors generating loopholes for corruption. GST is superior taxation system over VAT but, if neither properly implemented nor scrutinized according to the economy, it is people residing get affected.  GST taxation system is capable of increasing legal transaction, reducing corruption and complexity that exists in current taxation. India is 166th country to adopt GST and GST taxation slab in India is 0%, 5%, 12%, 18% and 28%.  Although average Tax levied is 14.8750% in India, it is 28% tax that is levied for most of the commodities, which are directly or indirectly used in everyday life of common individuals. Despite, GST being favorable to distributor in-terms of profit and government to attain tax by increasing legal transaction through invoice. It is noted that for the same percentage of taxation, the amount does not vary for VAT and GST. The tax slab decreased for 71 commodities and no change in 21 commodities; there has been an increase in tax slab for 60 commodities. 26% taxation was levied for most commodities considered was currently levied by 28% taxation which is greater than before. It was found that average tax percentage reduced was calculated to be 6.07143. The average tax percentage increase was calculated to be 4.7833 percentage for the considered commodities. The overall tax average tax percentage is estimated to be 14.8750% which does not have a significant difference concerning tax levied before GST, which was calculated to be 15.7829% for considered commodities. Therefore, the consumer purchasing power and overall living standard of the individual in India will remain almost same.

PENGARUH KINERJA PENGELOLAAN KEUANGAN DAERAH TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI, PENGANGGURAN DAN KEMISKINAN DI KOTA DEPOK

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 372
Author(s):  
Suryanta Suryanta
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Financial Management ◽  
Regression Coefficient ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Simple Linear Regression ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Income Gap ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive

This study aims to analyze whether the performance of regional financial management influences economic growth in Depok City, analyzes whether the performance of regional financial management influences unemployment in Depok City, and analyzes whether the performance of regional financial management affects poverty in Depok City with the 2006 study period- 2015 The analysis method used is quantitative descriptive analysis and simple linear regression statistical analysis. Based on the results of hypothesis testing it can be proven that the performance of regional financial management (independence ratio) has a positive and significant effect on economic growth, this can be seen from the value of sig. 0.046 <0.05 with a regression coefficient of 1.883. Then the performance of regional financial management has a negative and significant effect on unemployment, this can be seen from the value of sig. 0.030 <0.05 with a regression coefficient of -6.864. But the performance of regional financial management has no significant effect on poverty, this can be seen from the sig. 0.065> 0.05 with a regression coefficient of -0.512. This can be due to the still high income gap in the community, so that the increasing regional income has not been able to significantly reduce poverty in Depok.

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