On-farm assessment of the phosphorus balance of paddy soil fertilized with cow dung compost in mixed crop–livestock systems and with rice straw in conventional practice in Yamagata, Japan

Rice straw is a byproduct of agricultural production and an important agricultural resource. However, rice straw has not yet been effectively used, and incorrect treatment methods (such as burning in the field) can cause serious damage to the environment. Studies have shown that straw returning is beneficial to soil, but there have been few studies focused on the effect of the amount of short-term straw returned on the soil microbial community. This study evaluates 0%, 50%, 75%, and 100% rice straw returned to the field on whether returning different amounts of straw in the short term would affect the diversity and composition of the soil microbial community and the correlation between bacteria and fungi. The results show that the amount of straw returned to the field is the main factor that triggers the changes in the abundance and composition of the microbial community in the paddy soil. A small amount of added straw (≤ 50% straw added) mainly affects the composition of the bacterial community, while a larger amount of added straw (> 50% straw added) mainly affects the composition of the fungal community. Returning a large amount of straw increases the microbial abundance related to carbon and iron cycles in the paddy soil, thus promoting the carbon and iron cycle processes to a certain extent. In addition, network analysis shows that returning a large amount of straw also increases the complexity of the microbial network, which may encourage more microbes to be niche-sharing and comprehensively improve the ecological environment of paddy soil. This study may provide some useful guidance for rice straw returning in northeast China.

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Effects of straw incorporation on Rhizoctonia solani inoculum in paddy soil and rice sheath blight severity

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s002185961300035x ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 152 (5) ◽

pp. 741-748 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

H. ZHU ◽

Z. X. WANG ◽

X. M. LUO ◽

J. X. SONG ◽

B. HUANG

Keyword(s):

Rhizoctonia Solani ◽

Disease Severity ◽

Rice Straw ◽

Paddy Soil ◽

Sheath Blight ◽

Soil Productivity ◽

Rice Sheath Blight ◽

Important Method ◽

Pathogen Dynamics ◽

Straw Incorporation

SUMMARYIncorporation of rice straw into soil has traditionally been an important method of recycling nutrients and improving soil productivity. Currently, although the effects of straw incorporation on disease severity have been documented, the dynamics of the pathogen in soil after straw incorporation are poorly understood. In the present study, rice straw with various proportions of diseased straw was incorporated at three separate locations (SuPu town, SuSong County and FengYang County) in Anhui province, China. The pathogen dynamics in paddy soil and disease severity of sheath blight during two continuous years from April 2010 to April 2012 were investigated. For all three locations, the amount of pathogen inoculum that persisted in the soil increased with increases in the proportion of diseased straw incorporated. Incorporation of 0·3 and 0·5 diseased straw into soil increased the amount of pathogen inoculum in the soil significantly, whereas incorporation of 0·1 diseased straw into soil had no significant effect on the pathogen inoculum compared with the control (no straw incorporated) or disease severity. Incorporation of healthy rice straw (no disease) resulted in a significant decrease in disease severity, whereas proportions of 0·3 and 0·5 diseased straw resulted in a significant increase of disease severity compared with the control. These results suggested that incorporation of diseased straw enhanced pathogen numbers in soil during the whole decomposition period and increased disease severity. To avoid soil-borne disease accumulation, severely diseased straw should be removed from the field or pre-treated before incorporation.

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Assessment of Hanging Type Grain Cleaner Drudgery Reducing Tool by Farm Women

10.48165/ijee.2022.58143 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 58 (1) ◽

pp. 196-198

Author(s):

S. P. Tripathi ◽

G. S. Chundawat ◽

Shashi Gour ◽

S. P. S. Somvanshi ◽

Kinjulck C. Singh

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

Cost Reduction ◽

Farm Women ◽

Traditional Practice ◽

Physiological Cost ◽

Conventional Practice ◽

On Farm ◽

The Impact ◽

Cardiac Cost

The study was undertaken to assess ergonomically efficiency of hanging type wheat graincleaner, carried out in adopted villages under On Farm Testing (OFT) and Front LineDemonstration (FLD) program conducted by KVK, Mandsaur (M.P.). Total Fifteen farmwomen were selected to assess the physiological workload to compare the impact ofimproved technology over conventional practice for hanging type grain cleaner. Physiologicalparameters i.e. HR, energy expenditure, cardiac cost reduction and physiological costreduction etc., were measured during operations. The results revealed that hanging typegrain cleaner has proved proficient on time and output parameters. The average cardiaccost of work was decreased by 82.29 per cent while using hanging type grain cleaner forwheat. Drudgery reduction was found 83.96 per cent and it saved time by 89.10 per centwhen compared to traditional practice. The physiological cost of work and energyexpenditure in terms of heart rate were observed to be lower while performing activitieswith hanging type grain cleaner as compared to the traditional practice.

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Crop residue and integrated soil fertility management in mixed crop-livestock systems: A case-study in Southern Mali

Cahiers Agricultures ◽

10.1684/agr.2012.0568 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 225-234 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Patrice Autfray ◽

Fagaye Sissoko ◽

Gatien Falconnier ◽

Alassane Ba ◽

Patrick Dugué

Keyword(s):

Soil Fertility ◽

Crop Residue ◽

Soil Fertility Management ◽

Integrated Soil Fertility Management ◽

Fertility Management ◽

Mixed Crop ◽

Livestock Systems

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Effect of growing media on mat type seedling raised for mechanical rice transplanting

Research in Agricultural Engineering ◽

10.17221/79/2016-rae ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 64 (No. 3) ◽

pp. 157-167

Author(s):

Hossen Anwar M ◽

Hossain Mosharraf M ◽

Haque Enamul M ◽

Bell Richard W

Keyword(s):

Rice Straw ◽

Rice Bran ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Poultry Litter ◽

Cow Dung ◽

Clay Loam ◽

Clay Loam Soil ◽

Loam Soil ◽

Rolling Quality

Mechanical transplanted seedling must meet the requirements of standard seedling block with uniform distribution of seedlings and inter-twisting roots for rolling. This study was conducted to identify the effect of growing media on mat type seedling raised for mechanical transplanting at Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI), Gazipur during the period of 2012–2014 covering two dry and cold seasons (Boro) and one wet season (Aman). Seedling were raised on plastic tray using sandy loam and clay loam soil mixed with decomposed cow-dung, mustard cake, rice straw organic fertilizer, rice bran, poultry litter and vermicompost at the rate of 0.0, 10, 20, 30 and 40%. Rolling quality of the seedling mat decreased and seedling height increased with the increased of mixing rate of organic fertilizer except rice bran and mustard cake. Averaged across three seasons, 10 to 30% cow-dung, rice straw organic fertilizer, vermicompost, 10% poultry litter and 20 to 30% rice bran with both types of soil was found suitable for seedling mat and seedling height. However, seedling varied among the organic fertilizers with both types of soil in the order of cow-dung > rice bran > vermicompost > poultry liter > rice straw organic fertilizer > mustard cake. Clay loam soil showed better performance on rolling quality over sandy loam soil.

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