scholarly journals Modelling loop length in weft-knitted fabrics with an interlock structure after the dyeing process with a stitch density, Wales and courses per centimetre analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 111 (7) ◽  
pp. 934-940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Llinares Berenguer ◽  
Pau Miró i Martínez ◽  
Pablo Díaz-García
Keyword(s):  
Loop Length ◽  
Knitted Fabrics ◽  
Dyeing Process ◽  
Stitch Density ◽  
Interlock Structure

scholarly journals Dimensional Characteristics of Knitted Fabrics Made from 100% Cotton and Cotton/Elastane Yarns

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dereje Berihun Sitotaw
Keyword(s):  
Shape Factor ◽  
Loop Length ◽  
Knitted Fabrics ◽  
Dimensional Properties ◽  
Test Standards ◽  
Stitch Density ◽  
Type Property ◽  
Loop Shape ◽  
Interlock Knitted Fabrics ◽  
Single Jersey

The dimensional characteristics such as loop length (l), wales per centimeter (wpc), courses per centimeter (cpc), stitch density (s), tightness factor (K), loop shape factor (R) and take-up rate (T) of single jersey, 1x1rib, 1x1 interlock, single pique, and two-thread fleece knitted fabrics made from 100% cotton and cotton/elastane yarns (5% elastane yarn content) are investigated in this research. Dimensional properties of knitted fabrics are an important property and determine the materials consumption during production, productions parameter, and applications of different knitted structures. The sample fabrics have been conditioned for 24 hours at 20±1°C temperature and 65±2% relative humidity. The specimens used for sampling are determined as per the test standards described in the paper for each yarn type, property, and structure. As observed in the result, the properties are related to each other. It is found that the loop length, wpc, cpc, stitch density, tightness factor, loop shape factor and take-up rate of single jersey, 1x1rib, 1x1interlock, single pique, and two-thread fleece knitted fabrics made from 100% cotton and cotton/elastane yarns are significantly influenced by the presence of an elastane yarn. The loop length of single jersey, 1x1rib, and interlock knitted fabrics made from elastane yarns reduced while the single pique and fleece increased. Similarly, other dimensional properties are significantly influenced by the yarn types used during knitting.

scholarly journals Calculation of interlock, 1 × 1 rib, and single jersey knitted fabrics shrinkage during the dyeing process after determining loop shape

2021 ◽  
pp. 004051752110142
Author(s):  
Jorge Llinares Berenguer ◽  
Pablo Díaz-García ◽  
Pau Miró Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Textile Industry ◽  
Loop Length ◽  
Knitted Fabrics ◽  
Dyeing Process ◽  
Conventional Analysis ◽  
Stock Investment ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Loop Shape ◽  
Single Jersey ◽  
Main Factor

This study investigated existing dimensional variations in knitted fabrics produced by weft-knitting technology for knitting and dry relaxation, dyed and dry relaxation, and dyed and wash relaxation for the interlock, 1 × 1 rib, and single jersey structures. This paper demonstrates that once the structure has been knitted, the shape that the loop takes in the fabric, and loop length and loop width, for each relaxation state will be the main factor responsible for dimensional variations in cotton knitted fabrics. It also shows how loop length affects knitted fabric dimensions when knitting machine parameters are modified by varying the use of feeders, and obtaining more loosely or more tightly knitted fabrics. In this study a model to predict the longitudinal and transversal shrinkage of interlock, 1 × 1 rib, and single jersey fabrics after the dyeing process is presented. This avoids following the conventional analysis procedure according to Standard UNE-EN ISO 6330 of September 2012 and, thus, avoids investing relatively long calculation times, which speeds up the production process by avoiding product lots being stopped. These results are important for textile industry technicians as they substantially simplify production calculations in weft-knitted fabrics companies. This work offers an effective method for predicting the longitudinal and transversal shrinkage and width of knitting fabrics after the dyeing process from the loop dimension after the knitting process. The application of the study results may help businesses to significantly save time and, consequently, imply an intermediate product stock investment saving.

Laccase-catalyzed enzymatic dyeing of cotton fabrics

2021 ◽  
pp. 004051752110069
Author(s):  
Rıza Atav ◽  
Bürhan Buğdaycı ◽  
Ömer Bozkurt ◽  
Aylin Yıldız ◽  
Elçin Güneş ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Uv Protection ◽  
Infrared Analysis ◽  
Synthetic Dyes ◽  
Protection Factor ◽  
Knitted Fabrics ◽  
Reactive Dyeing ◽  
Dyeing Process ◽  
Laccase Enzyme ◽  
Color Reproducibility

As some synthetic dyes are regarded to be toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic, the search for eco-friendly alternatives for the synthesis of dyes and coloration has gained importance. For this reason, this study focused on finding new eco-friendly alternatives for coloring cotton. 100% cotton knitted fabrics were subjected to enzymatic coloration using a commercial laccase enzyme and various precursors. After determining the colors, the effect of pH on the enzymatic dyeing process was investigated. Then the optimization of reaction conditions was also realized statistically for the precursors giving the best results in terms of color. With the aim of obtaining further improvements in color-yield values obtained in enzymatic dyeings, the effect of the pretreatment process and the use of ultrasound were also investigated. Furthermore, the reaction pathways in enzymatic coloration were explained and results were confirmed by means of Fourier Transformed Infrared analysis. As a result of experimental studies, red and lilac colors could be successfully obtained on cotton for the first time in the literature. In this way, the theoretical basis of enzymatic dye synthesis and dyeing of cotton was clarified comprehensively. Furthermore, technical (color reproducibility; washing, rubbing, light and perspiration-fastness values; and UV protection factor), economical (chemical, energy and water consumption required for dyeing (including aftertreatments) of 1 kg fabric) and ecological aspects of enzymatic dyeings were compared with reactive dyeing. According to the experimental results it was found that biological treatment alone was enough for wastewater of enzymatic coloring, while chemical treatment will also be needed in reactive dyeing wastewater. Furthermore, color reproducibility, evenness and UV protection properties of dyed samples were comparable with that of reactive dyeings. However, in terms of the fastness levels achieved, the enzymatic coloring was far behind the reactive dyeing.

scholarly journals Research of Loop Transferred Structures on V-Bed Flat Knitting Machine

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 2565-2570
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Breaking Strength ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Volume Density ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Loop Length ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Pattern Effect ◽  
Stitch Density

Today, the production of knitwear is developing at a faster pace. In industry, trade and the service sector, the production of knitwear, combining high technology and low cost, with good consumer properties is urgently required. Consumers today are looking for comfort, fashion and style, which results in ever-changing demands on the apparel market. As the consumer’s requirements to quality and appearance of product are daily increasing, the attention to the question of replacement of a smooth cloth on wide assortment with pattern effect is sharply brought. This work deals with the analysis of technological parameters and physical-mechanical properties of the knit fabric with pattern effect. With the aim of to expand the assortments of knitwear and to use the technological capabilities of double-bed flat knitting machines in fullest extent possible, on the base of rib structure, by using of loop transference 2 new variants of combined structure were developed and recommended. Samples differ from each other by the rapport and pattern effect of the knit structure. Technological parameters, such as loop length, stitch density, surface and volume density, physical-mechanical properties, such as breaking strength and elongation of newly developed combined knit structures were also determined by experimental method. Loop length and stitch density are important variables, that by changing them, the surface and volume density can be changed, that can manage the raw material consumption and determine the quality of knit fabrics. Breaking strength and elongation are important and decisive parameters for end uses since low strength properties shorten the useful life time as well disable the functionality of these products. Patterns of influence of structural elements, such as transferred loops on the surface density and volume density of knitwear was established. It is found that offered structures have some advantages to compare to basic structure. On the aim of resource economy technology, they give a possibility of raw material expenditure decreasing 22-47%.

scholarly journals A Study of the Consumption of Sewing Threads for Women's Underwear: Bras and Panties

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-311
Author(s):  
Brahem Mariem ◽  
Messaoudi Wissal ◽  
Khedher Faouzi ◽  
Jaouachi Boubaker ◽  
Dominique Adolphe
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Regression Method ◽  
Linear Regression Method ◽  
Knitted Fabrics ◽  
Fabric Thickness ◽  
Sewing Thread ◽  
Consumption Values ◽  
Stitch Density ◽  
Sewing Threads ◽  
Influential Parameters

AbstractThe article evaluates the amount of the consumed sewing thread for women's underwear (underwear bras and panties). Based on the obtained findings, it was concluded that sewing thread amount depends enormously on the studied influential parameters. The present paper reports a contribution that allows industries and researchers to decrease the consumed amounts of sewing thread in case of women's underwear and panties The study takes into account the different stitch structures and fabric characteristics that are usually used. The effects of influential input parameters, such as fabric thickness, number of assembled layers, stitch density, and tension of the thread, are investigated. Useful models have been found and can be used by industries to accuracy predict the thread consumption for women's underwear and panties to launch the needed thread commands. The developed models use multiregressive method. In this study, the fabrics that have been considered are knitted fabrics because they are those used in women's underwear. We found that women's underwear bras consume more sewing threads than panties. Using linear regression method, good relationships (coefficients of correlation close to 1) between consumption behaviors and the investigated parameters such as fabric thickness, number of assembled layers, stitch number per centimeter, sizes and tension of threads, were found. Although, the increase of threads tension to sew female underwear decreases the consumed amount of threads, the increase of other studied parameters widely encourages the consumption values, especially for seams based on chain-stitch types.

scholarly journals Influence of Fabric Parameters on Thermal Comfort Performance of Double Layer Knitted Interlock Fabrics

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Afzal ◽  
Sheraz Ahmad ◽  
Abher Rasheed ◽  
Faheem Ahmad ◽  
Fatima Iftikhar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Thermal Resistance ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Specific Heat ◽  
Double Layer ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Loop Length ◽  
Knitted Fabrics ◽  
Thermal Transmittance ◽  
Thermal Absorptivity

Abstract The aim of this study was to analyse the effects of various fabric parameters on the thermal resistance, thermal conductivity, thermal transmittance, thermal absorptivity and thermal insulation of polyester/cotton double layer knitted interlock fabrics. It was found that by increasing fibre content with higher specific heat increases the thermal insulation while decreases the thermal transmittance and absorptivity of the fabric. It was concluded that double layer knitted fabrics developed with higher specific heat fibres, coarser yarn linear densities, higher knitting loop length and fabric thickness could be adequately used for winter clothing purposes.

scholarly journals The Influences of Loop Length and Raw Material on Bursting Strength Air Permeability and Physical Characteristics of Single Jersey Knitted Fabrics

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 155892501701200
Author(s):  
Züleyha Değirmenci ◽  
Ebru Çoruh
Keyword(s):  
Shape Factor ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Air Permeability ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Loop Length ◽  
Knitted Fabrics ◽  
Bursting Strength ◽  
Loop Shape ◽  
Single Jersey

This paper reports the effect of loop length and raw material on the air permeability and the bursting strength of plain knitted fabrics. In this study, a series of plain knitted fabrics were produced on a circular knitting machine with cotton, polyester, acrylic and viscose by Ne 30/1 yarns. Each fabric type was produced with four different stitch lengths. All the fabrics were knitted at the same machine setting in order to determine the effect of their structure on the fabric properties. Their geometrical and physical properties were experimentally investigated. The influences of the loop length and the raw material on the number of the courses per cm, number of the wales per cm, loop shape factor, thickness, fabric unit weight, tightness factor, air permeability and bursting strength are analyzed. Statistical analysis indicates that raw material and loop length significantly parameters affect the air permeability and the bursting strength properties of the fabrics.

Knittability of Basalt Fiber Weft-Knitted Fabrics for Composite Reinforcement Based on Properties of Advanced Composite Materials

2012 ◽  
Vol 583 ◽  
pp. 207-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiu Mei Wang ◽  
Xiao Yang ◽  
Jing Gao ◽  
Peng Fei Song
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Basalt Fiber ◽  
Loop Length ◽  
Knitted Fabrics ◽  
Fiber Damage ◽  
Advanced Composite ◽  
Damage Degree ◽  
Advanced Composite Materials ◽  
Fiber Fineness

The knittability of basalt fiber yarn for knitted fabrics was estimated from two aspects. Firstly the effect of 3 kinds of head size of needle hook on the loop strength of basalt fiber yarn was analysis by the experimental data. Then the basalt fiber yarn was knitted into plain, 1*1 rib and all needle rib knitted fabrics in 5 different loop lengths in a flat knitting machine. The influence of loop length, fabric stitch and fiber fineness on the fiber damage degree were studied by means of the tensile strength of the yarn taken from the fabrics for all kinds of fabrics. The experimental results show that for these 3 kinds of basalt weft knitted fabrics there is a best loop length in which the fiber damage degree caused by the knitting process is the smallest and the value is different for each stitch.

scholarly journals Influence of Knitting Process Parameters on the Thermal Comfort Properties of Eri Silk Knitted Fabrics

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (5(131)) ◽  
pp. 47-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Balakrshnan Senthil Kumar ◽  
Thangavelu Ramachandran
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Loop Length ◽  
Knitted Fabrics ◽  
Vertical Wicking ◽  
Yarn Count ◽  
Thermal Comfort Properties ◽  
Fabric Structures ◽  
Eri Silk

Eri silk, a wild silk variety available in the northeastern states of India, has better softness, tensile and thermal properties. The present study aimed to develop different knitted structures and investigate the influence of knitting process variables on the thermal comfort and wicking properties. Knitted single jersey and single pique fabric structures were produced with two sets of yarns – 25 tex and 14.32 tex with three levels of loop length. Thermal properties of the fabric were analysed using an Alambeta instrument, and the wicking ability was measured with an vertical wicking tester. Thermal comfort properties of eri silk were also compared with those of conventional mulberry silk, with the experiment result revealing that eri silk has better comfort values. A statistically significant correlation is found between knitting process parameters viz. the yarn count, loop length knitting structure and the thermal and wickability values of the fabrics.

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