Experimental and numerical studies on efficiency characterization of firefighters' protective clothing: a review

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Farshad Shakeriaski ◽  
Maryam Ghodrat ◽  
David James Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Protective Clothing ◽  
Numerical Studies

Electrospun PU/MgO/Ag Nanofibers for Antibacterial Activity and Flame Retardency

2021 ◽  
pp. 0887302X2110094
Author(s):  
V. Mamtha ◽  
H. N. Narasimha Murthy ◽  
V. Pujith Raj ◽  
Prashantha Tejas ◽  
C. S. Puneet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Melting Point ◽  
Protective Clothing ◽  
Electrospun Nanofibers ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Solution Combustion ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Afterglow Time

Antibacterial activity and fire retardation are equally desired for protective clothing. For achieving this, AgNP and MgO are independently researched as nanofillers in Polyurethane based electrospun nanofibers and their synergistic effect is scarcely addressed. This article reports synthesis and characterization of MgO of 70.01 nm and AgNP of 51 to 76 nm by solution combustion and hydrothermal routes respectively and their incorporation in electrospinning of Polyurethane. Flow rate 1 ml/hr, applied voltage 13 kV, tip to collector distance 15 cm were adopted for the electrospinning. Nanofibers of 65 nm were obtained for PU/MgO (3 wt. %) and 106 nm for PU/MgO (3 wt. %)/Ag (1 wt. %). Addition of MgO increased the melting point, after flame time and afterglow time. Incorporation of AgNP improved antibacterial activity. PU/MgO/Ag (2 wt. %) exhibited zone of inhibition of 2.1 cm and 3 cm against E. Coli and S. Aureus, respectively.

Characterization of Thermal Protective Clothing under Hot Water and Pressurized Steam Exposure

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 7-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumit Mandal ◽  
Yehu Lu ◽  
Faming Wang ◽  
Guowen Song
Keyword(s):  
Protective Clothing ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Thermal Protective Clothing

Correcting Measurement Nonlinearity in Dynamic Nanoindentation

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian P. Mann ◽  
Jian Liu ◽  
Siddharth Hazra
Keyword(s):  
Contact Force ◽  
Electrostatic Force ◽  
Primary Resonance ◽  
Capacitive Transducer ◽  
Material Surface ◽  
Secondary Resonances ◽  
Numerical Studies ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Dynamic Nanoindentation

This paper investigates methods of improving measurement interpretations in dynamic nanoindentation. In particular, a shift in the system's primary resonance is observed experimentally and investigated through modeling and numerical studies. The result of these investigations is that different sources of nonlinearity, namely, nonlinearities from the tip-sample contact force and the indenter's capacitive transducer, compete to alter the system's primary and secondary resonances. Furthermore, this study implies that the accurate characterization of a material surface requires the implementation of higher fidelity models that include nonlinear expressions, as opposed to linearized versions, for the tip-sample contact force and transducer electrostatic force.

Simultaneous Characterization of Source, Array and Environment Using A Ray Travel-Time Inversion Approach

1997 ◽  
Vol 05 (02) ◽  
pp. 193-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
I-Tai Lu
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Time Inversion ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Specific Data ◽  
Model Mismatch ◽  
Numerical Studies ◽  
Travel Time Inversion ◽  
Array Position

This paper presents a new ray travel-time inversion scheme not only for localizing the source and calibrating the array position, but also for characterizing environmental parameters such as sound speed profiles (in both water column and sediment), bathymetry, etc. Special attention is given to link the unknowns to good physical observables in order to enhance robustness and efficiency. Numerical studies show the algorithm is indeed extremely efficient. The algorithm is also shown to be insensitive to model mismatch and to yield quite accurate results. This paper also focuses on specific Lincoln-Sea application and analysis of a specific data set from Iceshelf-89.

scholarly journals Numerical Studies of the Viscosity of Reacting Polyurethane Foam with Experimental Validation

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Kay Schäfer ◽  
Daisy Nestler ◽  
Jürgen Tröltzsch ◽  
Ikenna Ireka ◽  
Dariusz Niedziela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Mathematical Framework ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Transfer Processes ◽  
Linear Partial Differential Equations ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Numerical Studies

Products made of polyurethane foam are manufactured by the chemical reaction of various low-viscosity raw materials and additives. The diversity of different formulations to meet the requirements of the market makes the characterization of their processing and flow properties important for a simple and error-free production. The modeling and simulation of such processes are equally of great importance. This provides additional findings without the expense of real tests and makes it easier to design components. The work described in this paper was carried out against this background. An experimental setup using a rheometer was developed to determine the flow and curing properties of reacting polyurethane foam reproducibly with comparable expansion conditions to industrial processes. The experiment was mathematically modelled to investigate the rheology of reacting polyurethane foams. The mathematical framework consists of coupled, non-linear, partial differential equations for the dynamics and the heat transfer processes in the system. These are solved numerically in 3D using finite volume techniques under adequate physical conditions. The accuracy of two viscosity laws according to the state of the art and their novel combination were investigated in this context. The proposed viscosity model of this study provides accurate results compared to the experiment.

Preparation and characterization of thermally stable polyimide membranes by electrospinning for protective clothing applications

2015 ◽  
Vol 85 (17) ◽  
pp. 1763-1775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Serbezeanu ◽  
Ana Maria Popa ◽  
Timea Stelzig ◽  
Ion Sava ◽  
René M Rossi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Clothing ◽  
Thermally Stable ◽  
Polyimide Membranes
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