Importance of feed efficiency for sustainable intensification of chicken meat production: implications and role for amino acids, feed enzymes and organic trace minerals

AbstractThe prime purpose of this review is to explore the pathways whereby progress towards reduced-crude protein (CP) diets and sustainable chicken-meat production may be best achieved. Reduced-CP broiler diets have the potential to attenuate environmental pollution from nitrogen and ammonia emissions; moreover, they have the capacity to diminish the global chicken-meat industry’s dependence on soybean meal to tangible extents. The variable impacts of reduced-CP broiler diets on apparent amino acid digestibility coefficients are addressed. The more accurate identification of amino acid requirements for broiler chickens offered reduced-CP diets is essential as this would diminish amino acid imbalances and the deamination of surplus amino acids. Deamination of amino acids increases the synthesis and excretion of uric acid for which there is a requirement for glycine, this emphasises the value of so-called “non-essential” amino acids. Starch digestive dynamics and their possible impact of glucose on pancreatic secretions of insulin are discussed, although the functions of insulin in avian species require clarification. Maize is probably a superior feed grain to wheat as the basis of reduced-CP diets; if so, the identification of the underlying reasons for this difference should be instructive. Moderating increases in starch concentrations and condensing dietary starch:protein ratios in reduced-CP diets may prove to be advantageous as expanding ratios appear to be aligned to inferior broiler performance. Threonine is specifically examined because elevated free threonine plasma concentrations in birds offered reduced-CP diets may be indicative of compromised performance. If progress in these directions can be realised, then the prospects of reduced-CP diets contributing to sustainable chicken-meat production are promising.

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Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Organic Trace Minerals at Reduced Concentrations on Performance, Bone Mineralization, and Antioxidant Variables in Broiler Chicken Reared in Two Different Seasons in a Tropical Region

Biological Trace Element Research ◽

10.1007/s12011-020-02481-5 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Rama Rao Savaram Venkata ◽

Prakash Bhukya ◽

Mantena Venkata Lakshmi Narasimha Raju ◽

Rajkumar Ullengala

Keyword(s):

Broiler Chicken ◽

Bone Mineralization ◽

Dietary Supplementation ◽

Trace Minerals ◽

Tropical Region ◽

Organic Trace Minerals ◽

Different Seasons ◽

Organic Trace

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Feeding low dietary levels of organic trace minerals improves broiler performance and reduces excretion of minerals in litter

British Poultry Science ◽

10.1080/00071668.2020.1764908 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

R. Vieira ◽

P. Ferket ◽

R. Malheiros ◽

M. Hannas ◽

R. Crivellari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Trace Minerals ◽

Broiler Performance ◽

Organic Trace Minerals ◽

Organic Trace

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291 Effects of replacing inorganic trace minerals with low level of organic trace minerals on growth performance, tissue mineral deposition and mineral excretion in piglets

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz258.248 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 120-120

Author(s):

xun pei ◽

lujie liu ◽

geng wang ◽

minqi wang ◽

Minyan huai

Keyword(s):

Trace Minerals ◽

Weaned Piglets ◽

Mineral Excretion ◽

Low Level ◽

Mineral Deposition ◽

Organic Trace Minerals ◽

Liver And Pancreas ◽

Organic Minerals ◽

Dietary Treatments ◽

Organic Trace

Abstract This study was conducted to investigate effects of inorganic trace mineral (ITMs) replacement with low level organic trace minerals (glycine complex minerals, GCMs; proteolytic complex minerals, PCMs) on growth, tissue mineral retention and mineral excretion in piglets. A total of 128 weaned piglets (Duroc × Landrace × Largewhite, 14.37 ± 0.32kg BW) aged 40d were randomly divided into 4 dietary treatments and fed for 28 days, with 4 replicates of 8 piglets per treatment. Dietary treatments were:(T1) basal + ITMs (Cu, Zn, Fe and Mn, sulfate) at 100% commercial level;(T2) basal + ITMs at 50% commercial level + GCMs at 50% commercial level;(T3) basal + GCMs at 50% commercial level;(T4) basal + PCMs at 50% commercial level respectively. On day 29, six piglets from each group were slaughtered to collect serum, muscle and organ samples. The results showed that ADG of T1, T2 and T3 was higher than that of T4 (P < 0.05), FCR of T1, T2 and T3 was lower than that of T4 (P < 0.01). The retention of trace minerals in tissues and serum is significantly correlated with the supplemental level and source of trace minerals. When 50% commercial level ITMs replaced with GCMs, Cu in serum, heart, liver and pancreas, Fe in liver and muscle was increased (P < 0.05), and liver Zn, Mn in heart, liver and muscle was increased (P < 0.01) respectively. Muscle Zn in T3 was higher than that from T4 (P < 0.05) with same level of organic minerals. Zn, Fe, Mn excreted from urine in pigs fed T2 diet was less than that from T1 (P < 0.05), and urine Zn in T3 treatment is lower than that from T4 (P < 0.05). This study indicated that dietary ITMs replacement with GCMs resulted in higher tissue minerals deposition, and organic trace minerals from GCMs exhibited higher bioavailability than those from PCMs.

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