Presuppositions, Conditions, and Consequences

1972 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trudy Govier
Keyword(s):  
Logical Consequence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Transcendental Arguments ◽  
Philosophical Texts ◽  
The One

An analysis of necessary condition and presupposition reveals that, as logical relations, these notions are basically similar to each other and different from the notion of entailment or other ‘if-then’ relations of logical consequence. Both necessary condition and presupposition seem to be two-directional in a rather peculiar way. Appreciating this is helpful in interpreting philosophers such as Kant and Strawson who have relied extensively on these relations in constructing the philosophical arguments often referred to as transcendental arguments. It also suggests some fundamental shortcomings in Strawson's account of presupposition and in the logician's way of presenting necessary condition using ‘⊂'.In the discussion which follows I shall exhibit some of the differences between necessary condition and presupposition on the one hand and entailment on the other. I shall then go on to offer an explanation of these differences in conjunction with an analysis of necessary condition and presupposition which diverges from other contemporaty accounts. Once these distinctions and explanations have been stated, I shall make some suggestions about their relevance to the interpretation and assessment of philosophical texts and arguments.

scholarly journals DET ZOOFILE ÅRHUNDREDE

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Knudsen
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Moral Status ◽  
Logical Consequence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Status ◽  
The One ◽  
Point Of Departure

Anne Knudsen: The Century of Zoophilia Taking as her point of departure the protests against a dying child having his last wish fulfilled because his wish was to kill a bear, the author argues that animals have achieved a higher moral status than that of humans during the 20th century. The status of animals (and of “nature”) is seen as a consequence of their muteness which on the one hånd makes it impossible for animals to lie, and which on the other hånd allows humans to imagine what animals would say, if they spoke. The development toward zoophilia is explained as a a logical consequence of the cultural naturalisation of humans, and the author draws the conclusion that we may end up entirely without animals as a category. This hypothetical situation will lead to juridical as well as philosophical complications.

scholarly journals MEMBANGUN SEMANGAT KERASULAN REMAJA KATOLIK DALAM KONTEKS MASYARAKAT PLURALIS DI INDONESIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 3-14
Author(s):  
Agustinus Supriyadi
Keyword(s):  
Logical Consequence ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
The Other ◽  
Real Form ◽  
Pluralistic Society ◽  
The Real ◽  
Self Discovery ◽  
The One ◽  
The Church

Catholic teens Indonesia is part of the Church in Indonesia and the Indonesian people. Indonesia consists of thousands of islands that stretched from Sabang to Merauke. This fact opens the possibility of a fairly wide occurrence of the encounter between cultures and simultaneous cross-cultural. This diversity is certainly a logical consequence to an enrichment of civilizations and diversity (plurality), although also contains elements of the loss. Plurality of Indonesian society on the one hand can make the Catholic teens swept away in the swift currents of the community to lose our identity or conflict. However Plurality can also awaken in the Catholic teen award nature between one race to the other races, between ethnic or tribal one with the other tribes, between groups with one another. In a pluralistic society such as this, the Catholic teens called to the apostolate. Through the act of self-discovery, live in love and have a sense of tolerance of differences is the real form of the apostolate.

scholarly journals THE QUR’ANIC LEARNING SOFTWARE IN DIGITAL ERA: A THREAT TOWARDS THE VALUE OF QUR’ANIC ORTODOXY IN INDONESIA

2022 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-70
Author(s):  
Hamdi Putra Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Logical Consequence ◽  
Technological Advance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Learning Method ◽  
Software Applications ◽  
Digital Era ◽  
Technological Improvement ◽  
Sacred Values ◽  
Learning Software ◽  
The One

The gadget’s software applications nowadays appear to be highly popular and its use has been elevating among gadget users. This kind of technological advance also touched the Qur’anic learning process in Indonesia. On the one hand, not only does the emergence of Qur’anic learning software stimulate children’s interest, but it also provides a lot of features that will make children quickly understand and practice the Qur’anic reciting. On the other hand, this kind of learning method can threat the value of Qur’anic orthodoxy which had been applied among traditional Muslim societies since the emergence of Islam in Indonesia. Some resources have noted that there were some sacred values and courtesies perpetuated by traditional Muslims while teaching Qur’anic reciting. This article will track the historical journey of Qur’anic learnings in Indonesia and discuss how the emergence of Qur’anic Learning software (as the logical consequence of technological improvement) can threat the existence of some ancient orthodoxies toward the Qur’an. 

Marginality in the Mainstream, Lesbian Love in the Third Person

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Van Buskirk
Keyword(s):  
French Literature ◽  
Gender And Sexuality ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World ◽  
Third Person ◽  
Philosophical Texts ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The One ◽  
The Third Person

This chapter undertakes a treatment of the rhetoric of personal pronouns in Ginzburg's writings on love and sexuality, drawing on Michael Lucey's study of the first person in twentieth-century French literature about love. It brings together questions of genre and narrative, on the one hand, and gender and sexuality, on the other. The chapter is divided into two sections, treating writings from two different periods on two kinds of love Ginzburg thought typical of intellectuals: in “First Love,” it discusses the unrequited and tragic love depicted in Ginzburg's teenage diaries (1920–23); in “Second Love,” it analyzes the love that is realized but in the end equally tragic, depicted in drafts related to Home and the World (1930s). The chapter examines the models the author sought in literary, psychological, and philosophical texts (Weininger, Kraft-Ebbing, Blok, Shklovsky, Oleinikov, Hemingway, and Proust).

Leibniz on Apperception and Animal Souls

Dialogue ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 701-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murray Miles
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Sufficient Condition ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Mental Processes ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Forms Of Life ◽  
The One

InLeibniz: Perception, Apperception, and Thought, Robert McRae alleges a flat “contradiction” (McRae 1976, p. 30) at the heart of Leibniz's doctrine of three grades of monads: bare entelechies characterized by perception; animal souls capable both of perception and of sensation; and rational souls, minds or spirits endowed not only with capacities for perception and sensation but also with consciousness of self or what Leibniz calls (introducing a new term of art into the vocabulary of philosophy) “apperception.” Apperception is a necessary condition of those distinctively human mental processes associated with understanding and with reason. Insofar as it is also a sufficient condition of rationality, it is not ascribable to animals. But apperception is a necessary condition of sensation or feeling as well; and animals are capable of sensation, according to Leibniz, who decisively rejected the Cartesian doctrine that beasts are nothing but material automata. “On the one hand,” writes McRae, “what distinguishes animals from lower forms of life is sensation or feeling, but on the other hand apperception is a necessary condition of sensation, and apperception distinguishes human beings from animals” (McRae 1976, p. 30). “We are thus left with an unresolved inconsistency in Leibniz's account of sensation, so far as sensation is attributable both to men and animals” (ibid., p. 34).

scholarly journals Regulierung des Glücksspiels in Deutschland: Das Glücksspielgesetz Schleswig-Holsteins und der Glücksspieländerungsstaatsvertrag aus ökonomischer Perspektive

2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrich Schmidt ◽  
Katharina Lima de Miranda
Keyword(s):  
Sports Betting ◽  
The Other ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
German State ◽  
Federal States ◽  
Tax Revenues ◽  
German Federal States ◽  
Online Poker ◽  
The One

AbstractThis paper compares the two laws effective for the regulation of gambling in Germany from an economic perspective. On the one hand there is the new and relatively liberal federal Gaming Amendment Act of Schleswig- Holstein (GAA) and on the other hand the German State Treaty on Gambling (GST), which was signed by the remaining 15 German federal states. First, two goals are derived that should be pursued by the regulation of gambling realization of tax revenues and the reduction of problem gambling. Channeling gambling into the regulated market is a necessary condition to achieve both objectives. As the GAA can be expected to realize a higher degree of channeling due to more competitive tax rates as well as the inclusion of online poker and casinos, it appears to be overall superior to the GST. It is in particular incomprehensible that online poker and casinos are not included in the GST, since on one side they have a high potential for addiction and should thus be regulated and on the other side allow to generate higher tax revenues compared to sports betting for example.

scholarly journals Approximating Ideal Filters by Systems of Fractional Order

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Li
Keyword(s):  
Fractional Calculus ◽  
Fractional Order ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Present Approach ◽  
The Other ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Ecg Signals ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Electrocardiogram Ecg

The contributions in this paper are in two folds. On the one hand, we propose a general approach for approximating ideal filters based on fractional calculus from the point of view of systems of fractional order. On the other hand, we suggest that the Paley and Wiener criterion might not be a necessary condition for designing physically realizable ideal filters. As an application of the present approach, we show a case in designing ideal filters for suppressing 50-Hz interference in electrocardiogram (ECG) signals.

scholarly journals Space, Place, Haven: Levinas’s Phenomenology of Home

Problemos ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 58-68
Author(s):  
Jolanta Saldukaitytė
Keyword(s):  
Emmanuel Levinas ◽  
The Other ◽  
Space And Place ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Natural Place ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The World ◽  
Positive Meaning ◽  
The One

By distinguishing between space and place, the article situates and analyses the meaning of the closest place – home – in the philosophy of Emmanuel Levinas. The effort to encounter transcendence, to escape, to leave, to not be attached a particular place, and not to be driven by a nostalgia to return, is dominant in Levinas’s philosophy. This article shows that dwelling in a place, as settling in a home, also has a positive meaning for Levinas. This positive meaning comes, however, not from an ontological but from an ethical relationship with a place. The home is shown as chosen place, warm and human, as opposed to a given or natural place. On the one hand, the home is a necessary condition for security, but also the very condition of interiority and activity, of having the place in the world in contrast to thrownness. On the other hand, it is not a place where I is embodied and rooted in like a vegetable, but a place where I welcome the other.

Conclusion

2021 ◽  
pp. 297-304
Author(s):  
Guy Elgat
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Conception ◽  
The Other ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One

The concluding chapter addresses an apparent aporia: on the one hand, we have the Nietzschean argument that one must be causa sui for guilt to be justified, but on the other hand, we have the Heideggerian argument that not being causa sui is a necessary condition for guilt to be possible. The conclusion explains why this is only an apparent aporia. An alternative conception of guilt is sketched, one that rejects Nietzsche’s view of guilt as a form of self-punishment but retains Heidegger’s view that guilt expresses our normative commitments. This conception shows how guilt might nevertheless be justified.

Violence and Hyperbole

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Naas
Keyword(s):  
Death Penalty ◽  
The Other ◽  
Subsequent Work ◽  
History Of ◽  
Philosophical Texts ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Way

The aim of this essay is to understand the underlying motivation behind Derrida’s initial objections to Foucault in his 1963 “Cogito and the History of Madness” and the way these objections anticipate so much of Derrida’s subsequent work. Beyond a disagreement over how to read a crucial moment in Descartes’ Meditations regarding the Cogito’s relation to madness, the “Cogito” essay provides a full-fledged theory of the relationship between history, language, and reason, on the one hand, and madness, silence, and death, on the other. Only through understanding this configuration is it possible to understand why Derrida would call Foucault’s The History of Madness not just a mistaken or misguided text but a “totalitarian” one. After outlining the reasons for Derrida’s strident critique of Foucault’s work on the basis of this underlying opposition between history and madness or reason and silence, Naas demonstrate how this same configuration is at work in early texts such as “Violence and Metaphysics,” right up through Derrida’s final seminars on The Beast and the Sovereign and, especially, The Death Penalty. Naas concludes by pointing out that while Derrida’s theoretical questions were always very different than Foucault’s, both thinkers ended up, curiously, on the same side in their critique of today’s carceral system and its forms of punishment. Only by taking into account both the similarities and the differences between Derrida and Foucault, in both their political positions and their philosophical texts, can we today really “do justice” to the history of their infamous debate.

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