Non-tuism

1991 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 441-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald C. Hubin
Keyword(s):  
Bargaining Power ◽  
The Other ◽  
Moral Principle ◽  
Moral Force ◽  
Other Hand

Contractarians view justice (or, more ambitiously, all of morality) as being defined by a contract made by rational individuals. No one supposes that this contract is actual, and the fact that it is merely hypothetical raises a number of questions both about the assumptions under which it would be actual and about the force of hypothetical agreement that is contingent on these assumptions.Particular contractarian theories must specify the circumstances of the agreement and the endowments, beliefs, desires, and degree and type of rationality of the agents. How these issues are settled determines the force of the hypothetical agreement. The fact that ignorant people who desired only universal suffering would, under duress, agree to a certain principle gives us no reason to believe the principle is a correct moral principle or to think it rational to accept or act on it: some counterfactual assumptions undermine entirely the moral force of hypothetical agreement. On the other hand, to take people just as they are, with their current beliefs, desires, endowments, and all, is to endorse their ignorance and mistakes as well as any previous injustice that affects their bargaining power.

scholarly journals Axiomatic Results for Weighted Allocation Rules under Multiattribute Situations

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 617
Author(s):  
Yu-Hsien Liao
Keyword(s):  
Bargaining Power ◽  
The Other ◽  
Target Type ◽  
Allocation Rule ◽  
Interactive Environments ◽  
Allocation Rules ◽  
Other Hand

In many interactive environments, operators may have to deal with different work objectives at the same time. In a realistic context, such as differences in the target type to be addressed, or changes in the behavior of other operators, operators may therefore have to cope with by adopting different work levels (strategies) at any given time. On the other hand, the importance or influence brought by operators may vary depending on many subjective and objective factors, such as the size of the constituency represented by a congressman, and the bargaining power of a business personnel which may vary. Therefore, it is reasonable that weights are apportioned to operators and arbitrary usability should be distributed according to these weights under various working levels and multiattribute situations. In pre-existing results for allocation rules, weights might be always apportioned to the “operators” or the “levels” to modify the differences among the operators or its working levels respectively. By applying weights to the operators and its working levels (strategies) simultaneously, we adopt the maximal marginal variations among working level (strategy) vectors to propose an allocation rule under multiattribute situations. Furthermore, we introduce some axiomatic outcomes to display the rationality for this weighted allocation rule. By replacing weights to be maximal marginal variations, a generalized index is also introduced.

Two-Tier Moral Codes

1989 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly M. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Moral Status ◽  
The Other ◽  
Moral Principle ◽  
Moral Code ◽  
Moral Principles ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Individual Actions ◽  
The One ◽  
In Virtue Of

A moral code consists of principles that assign moral status to individual actions – principles that evaluate acts as right or wrong, prohibited or obligatory, permissible or supererogatory. Many theorists have held that such principles must serve two distinct functions. On the one hand, they serve a theoretical function, insofar as they specify the characteristics in virtue of which acts possess their moral status. On the other hand, they serve a practical function, insofar as they provide an action-guide: a standard by reference to which a person can choose which acts to perform and which not. Although the theoretical and practical functions of moral principles are closely linked, it is not at all obvious that what enables a principle to fill one of these roles automatically equips it to fill the other. In this paper I shall briefly examine some of the reasons why a moral principle might fail to fill its practical role, i.e., be incapable of guiding decisions. I shall then sketch three common responses to this kind of failure, and examine in some detail the adequacy of one of the most popular of these responses.

The Ethics of Dignity

Philosophy ◽  
1940 ◽  
Vol 15 (58) ◽  
pp. 131-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Laird
Keyword(s):  
Great Influence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Moral Principle ◽  
Other Hand

In the pages that are to follow I shall try to discuss the validity and the sufficiency of a celebrated moral principle of Kant's “So act as to treat humanity, whether in thine own person or in that of any other, always as an end, never merely as a means.” In doing so, I shall say quite a lot about Kant, because his statement of the principle has had great influence, because he gave his genius to its elaboration, because he illustrated and defended it in ways that deserve a close examination. On the other hand, my principal purpose is not to supply a piece of Kantian exegesis interspersed with sundry criticisms. In the main I want to discuss the principle, as people say, “on its merits.” In so far as I discuss Kant himself, I am doing so with the object of eliciting these merits.

scholarly journals KEBERADAAN MOGOK KERJA DALAM KONSTELASI HUBUNGAN INDUSTRIAL PANCASILA

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nindry Sulistya Widiastiani
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Relation ◽  
Bargaining Power ◽  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
Industrial Relations ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Right ◽  
Labor Strike

Indonesia’s industrial relations is called the Pancasila industrial relations, which requires a harmonic situation between the labor and the employer. On the other hand, the Pancasila industrial relations also contains the conflict concept which appears in the existence of labor strike. However, the conflict concept in the existence of labor strike is in line with the Pancasila industrial relations’ harmonic concept. The labor strike is the part of industrial relations dispute settlement, which is not to undermining the Pancasila industrial relations’ harmonic concept. The right to strike is given to the labor for increasing their bargaining power when the industrial relation dispute arises. The existence of labor strike actually become a means to restore the harmonic situation when the industrial relation dispute arises.Keywords: industrial relations, the Pancasila industrial relations, labor strikeIntisariHubungan industrial di Indonesia merupakan hubungan industrial Pancasila, yang menghendaki situasi yang harmonis antara pekerja dengan pengusaha. Di sisi lain, hubungan industrial Pancasila juga mengakomodasi konsep konflik yang tercermin dalam keberadaan mogok kerja. Keberadaan mogok kerja yang mengandung konsep konflik sejatinya tidak bertentangan dengan konsep keharmonisan dalam hubungan industrial Pancasila. Mogokkerja dihadirkan sedemikian rupa sebagai salah satu upaya penyelesaian perselisihan hubungan industrial, tidak dimaksudkan untuk merusak tatanan keharmonisan sebagaimana dicita-citakan oleh hubungan industrial Pancasila. Hak mogok kerja diberikan kepada pekerja digunakan untuk membantu menyeimbangkan posisi tawar pekerja saat terjadi perselisihan hubungan industrial. Keberadaan mogok kerja sejatinya merupakan saranauntuk mengembalikan keharmonisan di saat terjadi konflik dan perselisihan dalam hubungan industrial.Kata kunci: hubungan industrial, hubungan industrial Pancasila, mogok kerja.

scholarly journals »Odin og Saga« genfundet. En Grundtvig-tekst fra 1810

1979 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-16
Author(s):  
Flemming Lundgreen-Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Moral Principle ◽  
Human Soul ◽  
Religious Revival ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Philosophical Doctrine

‘Odin and Saga’ Rediscovered. A Grundtvig manuscript from 1810published by Flemming Lundgreen-Nielsen.‘Odin and Saga’ was the name of a journal that never saw the light. The text published here is the one for which subscriptions were invited. Steen Johansen regretted its loss in his Bibliography of the Works of N.F.S. Grundtvig (vol I p. 50 and vol IV p. 11). It was found in 10 copies amongst the papers left by F.C. Sibbern and is here printed with an introduction and notes. The plan was to publish a journal of philosophy, poetry and history with 4 issues annually each of 190 pages. Sibbern was to contribute a prizewinning essay on the principle and nature of philosophy and another essay on the principle behind a philosophical ‘doctrine of happiness’ (eudaimonism). In addition there was to be ‘A historical character sketch of Schiller as poet’, ‘An inquiry into the freedom of the human soul’ and an essay ‘Concerning the moral principle’, the authors of which were not named.Lundgreen-Nielsen assumes that Sibbern and Grundtvig have drafted the journal together but finds that the finished product bears rather Grundtvig’s stamp in its mode of expression. History and poetry are considered from a universal, historical angle, and the section on philosophy does not touch on the relationship between that particular science and Christianity or theology. Grundtvig has not yet become the severe judge of the life of the spirit with a Bible in his hand. Lundgreen-Nielsen attributes the only limited interest in the project to its failure to make its mark as part of the national religious revival. The journal ‘Danne-Virke’ 1816- 19, on the other hand, gathered its diversified contents around the concept of Danishness, most likely owing to Grundtvig’s own development between 1810-20.

A study of cometary eruptions through OH radio-lines

1999 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 249-254
Author(s):  
A.M. Silva ◽  
R.D. Miró
Keyword(s):  
Short Duration ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
The Other ◽  
Initial Mass ◽  
Radio Lines ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Sudden Rise

AbstractWe have developed a model for theH2OandOHevolution in a comet outburst, assuming that together with the gas, a distribution of icy grains is ejected. With an initial mass of icy grains of 108kg released, theH2OandOHproductions are increased up to a factor two, and the growth curves change drastically in the first two days. The model is applied to eruptions detected in theOHradio monitorings and fits well with the slow variations in the flux. On the other hand, several events of short duration appear, consisting of a sudden rise ofOHflux, followed by a sudden decay on the second day. These apparent short bursts are frequently found as precursors of a more durable eruption. We suggest that both of them are part of a unique eruption, and that the sudden decay is due to collisions that de-excite theOHmaser, when it reaches the Cometopause region located at 1.35 × 105kmfrom the nucleus.

Closing the GAP—A 5Å Scanning Microscope

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 6-7
Author(s):  
A. V. Crewe
Keyword(s):  
Normal Form ◽  
The Other ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Scanning Microscope ◽  
Conventional Microscope ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Closing The Gap ◽  
Thermal Sources ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Transmission Microscope

We have become accustomed to differentiating between the scanning microscope and the conventional transmission microscope according to the resolving power which the two instruments offer. The conventional microscope is capable of a point resolution of a few angstroms and line resolutions of periodic objects of about 1Å. On the other hand, the scanning microscope, in its normal form, is not ordinarily capable of a point resolution better than 100Å. Upon examining reasons for the 100Å limitation, it becomes clear that this is based more on tradition than reason, and in particular, it is a condition imposed upon the microscope by adherence to thermal sources of electrons.

Life Beyond 1MeV

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 30-33
Author(s):  
K.H. Westmacott
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Past Experience ◽  
The Other ◽  
Good Case ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The U.S

Life beyond 1MeV – like life after 40 – is not too different unless one takes advantage of past experience and is receptive to new opportunities. At first glance, the returns on performing electron microscopy at voltages greater than 1MeV diminish rather rapidly as the curves which describe the well-known advantages of HVEM often tend towards saturation. However, in a country with a significant HVEM capability, a good case can be made for investing in instruments with a range of maximum accelerating voltages. In this regard, the 1.5MeV KRATOS HVEM being installed in Berkeley will complement the other 650KeV, 1MeV, and 1.2MeV instruments currently operating in the U.S. One other consideration suggests that 1.5MeV is an optimum voltage machine – Its additional advantages may be purchased for not much more than a 1MeV instrument. On the other hand, the 3MeV HVEM's which seem to be operated at 2MeV maximum, are much more expensive.

Can the Academic Self-Concept be Positive and Realistic?

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reimer Kornmann
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Opposite Effect ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
High Ability ◽  
Self Image ◽  
Other Hand

Summary: My comment is basically restricted to the situation in which less-able students find themselves and refers only to literature in German. From this point of view I am basically able to confirm Marsh's results. It must, however, be said that with less-able pupils the opposite effect can be found: Levels of self-esteem in these pupils are raised, at least temporarily, by separate instruction, academic performance however drops; combined instruction, on the other hand, leads to improved academic performance, while levels of self-esteem drop. Apparently, the positive self-image of less-able pupils who receive separate instruction does not bring about the potential enhancement of academic performance one might expect from high-ability pupils receiving separate instruction. To resolve the dilemma, it is proposed that individual progress in learning be accentuated, and that comparisons with others be dispensed with. This fosters a self-image that can in equal measure be realistic and optimistic.

Stories and the Self

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Krause ◽  
Markus Appel
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lower Degree ◽  
Contrast Effects ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Implicit And Explicit

Abstract. Two experiments examined the influence of stories on recipients’ self-perceptions. Extending prior theory and research, our focus was on assimilation effects (i.e., changes in self-perception in line with a protagonist’s traits) as well as on contrast effects (i.e., changes in self-perception in contrast to a protagonist’s traits). In Experiment 1 ( N = 113), implicit and explicit conscientiousness were assessed after participants read a story about either a diligent or a negligent student. Moderation analyses showed that highly transported participants and participants with lower counterarguing scores assimilate the depicted traits of a story protagonist, as indicated by explicit, self-reported conscientiousness ratings. Participants, who were more critical toward a story (i.e., higher counterarguing) and with a lower degree of transportation, showed contrast effects. In Experiment 2 ( N = 103), we manipulated transportation and counterarguing, but we could not identify an effect on participants’ self-ascribed level of conscientiousness. A mini meta-analysis across both experiments revealed significant positive overall associations between transportation and counterarguing on the one hand and story-consistent self-reported conscientiousness on the other hand.

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