Exploring “North” and “South” in post-Soviet Bishkek: Discourses and perceptions of rural-urban migration

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moya Flynn ◽  
Natalya Kosmarskaya
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Period ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Rural Migrants ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Rural Urban Migration ◽  
Soviet Central Asia ◽  
The City ◽  
North And South ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Post Soviet Period

In this paper we explore, through the narratives and perspectives of “old residents” in post-Soviet Bishkek, the dominant discourse which has emerged towards rural migrants arriving to the city from other areas of Kyrgyzstan from the late Soviet period onwards. We investigate the existence of a primarily “antagonistic” discourse in relation to the migrants and analyze this in detail to understand how it illuminates wider concerns amongst residents about what is occurring in their city, and about wider processes of social change in Kyrgyzstan. The paper provides a revealing insight into the processes of urban change in post-Soviet Central Asia, and demonstrates the ways in which confrontation with the everyday harsh realities of post-Soviet transformation can lead to the negative “othering” of one group of urban residents by another. We also demonstrate how the “old residents”’ perceptions of migrants reveal important insights into emerging notions and constructions of identity in the post-Soviet period, related in this case to understandings of “North” and “South'1 and related concepts of what is “urban” and what is “Kyrgyz”.

Rural–urban migration and childrearing values of rural migrants in contemporary China

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 364-383
Author(s):  
Yuling Wu ◽  
Hong Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Survey ◽  
Rural Household ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Rural Migrants ◽  
Household Registration ◽  
Non Local ◽  
Rural Urban Migration ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The City

In this study, we investigate the correlation between migrant-related factors and migrants’ childrearing values concerning community-oriented versus individual-based dimensions, with a particular interest in the effects of rural household registration ( hukou) status and settlement intention. Using data from the 2009 Longitudinal Survey on Rural–Urban Migration in China, we find that rural migrants stress individual-based qualities the most, such as independence, diligence, and responsibility, while they also emphasize certain community-oriented qualities, such as tolerance/respect, and obedience. Local or non-local rural hukou status at the city level is not an important factor in people’s migrant lives when it comes to shaping childrearing values. Instead, settlement intention is found to be more important than hukou status in affecting rural migrants’ childrearing values, particularly in non-local rural migrants, in that rural migrants with settlement intention tend to favor community-oriented values as opposed to individual-based values for their children.

scholarly journals Resilience and Circularity: Revisiting the Role of Urban Village in Rural-Urban Migration in Beijing, China

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1284
Author(s):  
Ran Liu ◽  
Yuhang Jia
Keyword(s):  
Family Income ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Subjective Perception ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Rural Land ◽  
Tenure Security ◽  
Rural Migrants ◽  
Urban Village ◽  
Rural Migrant ◽  
Rural Urban Migration

Recent policies in China have encouraged rural-urban circular migration and an “amphibious” and flexible status of settlement, reacting against the recent risks of economic fluctuation in cities. Rural land, as a form of insurance and welfare, can handle random hazards, and the new Land Management Law guarantees that rural migrants who settle in the city can maintain their rights to farmland, homesteads, and a collective income distribution. Existing studies have pointed out that homeland tenure can reduce migrants’ urban settlement intentions (which is a self-reported subjective perception of city life). However, little is known about how the rural-urban circularity and rural tenure system (especially for those still holding hometown lands in the countryside) affect rural migrants’ temporary urban settlements (especially for those preferring to stay in informal communities in the host city). The existing studies on the urban villages in China have focused only on the side of the receiving cities, but have rarely mentioned the other side of this process, focusing on migrants’ rural land tenure issues in their hometowns. This study discusses the rationale of informality (the urban village) and attests to whether, and to what extent, rural migrants’ retention of their hometown lands can affect their tenure security choices (urban village or not) in Chinese metropolises such as Beijing. Binary logistic regression was conducted and the data analysis proved that rural migrants who kept their hometown lands, compared to their land-loss counterparts, were more likely to live in a Beijing urban village. This displays the resilience and circularity of rural-urban migration in China, wherein the rural migrant households demonstrate the “micro-family economy”, maintaining tenure security in their hometown and avoiding the dissipation of their family income in their destination. The Discussion and Conclusions sections of this paper refer to some policy implications related to maintaining the rural-urban dual system, protecting rural migrant land rights, and beefing up the “opportunity structure” (including maintaining the low-rent areas in metropolises such as Beijing) in the 14th Five Year Plan period.

scholarly journals Development of housing construction in the largest regional center in the post-Soviet period (on the example of Novosibirsk)

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
D. N. Shalygina ◽  
◽  
G. P. Erokhin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Period ◽  
Housing Construction ◽  
Housing Sector ◽  
Territorial Expansion ◽  
Regional Center ◽  
Market Relations ◽  
The City ◽  
Post Soviet Period

The process of housing construction development in the largest Russian city in the post-Soviet period is analyzed. On the example of Novosibirsk, the authors consider the tendencies of densification of the central and middle parts of the city, as well as territorial expansion of peripheral and suburban residential formations. The similarity of the process of evolution of the housing sector of the largest Russian regional center and cities of the former socialist bloc in the conditions of transition to market relations is shown.

scholarly journals A Matter of Life and Death – Trade and Burial around St Giles’ Cathedral: Archaeological Investigations at Parliament House, Edinburgh

2019 ◽  
Vol 87 ◽  
pp. 1-70
Author(s):  
Mike Roy ◽  
R Cerón-Carrasco, ◽  
A Craster ◽  
M Cross ◽  
N Crowley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
Late Medieval Period ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
High Street ◽  
Trading Activities ◽  
The City ◽  
Health And Mortality ◽  
Insight Into

Archaeological evaluation of the Southern Courtyard of the Parliament House complex, to the south of St Giles’ Cathedral in Edinburgh’s Old Town, has provided a valuable insight into the lives, health and mortality of the inhabitants of the late medieval city. The evaluation revealed a backland area in the centre of medieval Edinburgh, with deposits rich in artefactual and ecofactual material derived from the everyday lives of the populace, underlying early burghal surfaces. The presence of artefacts including a small leather assemblage and a seal matrix may indicate production and trading activities between the High Street and the Cowgate in the late medieval period. Above these surfaces, and underlying fragmentary evidence of the post-medieval Meal Market, numerous late medieval inhumations were recorded; these belonged to the southward expansion of St Giles’ graveyard. This report details the analysis of the skeletal remains, illuminating the health and demography of the population of the city from around the mid-15th to the early-to-mid-16th century.  

scholarly journals Access to and use of sexual and reproductive health services among street children in Uganda: Does Migration matter?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mulekya Francis Bwambale ◽  
Paul Bukuluki ◽  
Cheryl A. Moyer ◽  
Bart H.W Van den Borne
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Sexual And Reproductive Health ◽  
Street Children ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Reproductive Health Services ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Rural Urban Migration ◽  
The City

Abstract Background While the nexus of migration and health outcomes is well acknowledged, the effect of rural-urban migration on uptake of sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services has received less attention. We assessed the effect of rural-rural urban migration on uptake of SRH services and whether there is a difference in uptake of SRH services among migrant and non-migrant street children. Methods Data were collected among 513 street children aged 12-24 years using face‐to‐face interviews. Participants were recruited by venue-based time-space sampling (VBTS). Using STATA 16.00, we performed multivariate binary logistic regression to identify correlates of SRH service uptake with migration status as the main predictor while controlling for confounding. In this study, migrants are defined as children who had moved to settle in the city for at least 24 months preceding the survey. Results Overall, two-thirds (66.82%) of children had moved to the city in the last 2 years, 20% in the last 3-5 years and 13.18% in 6 years or longer. Only 18.13% of the street children had ever used contraception/family planning, 45.89% had ever tested for HIV and knew their status while 34.70% had ever been screened for sexually transmitted infections. Multivariate analysis shows that migrant street children had reduced odds of using sexual and reproductive health services (HIV testing, use of contraception and screening for STIs) compared to the lifelong native street children (aOR=0.59, 95%CI 0.36- 0.97). Other factors associated with use of SRH services among street children include age (aOR=4.51; 95%CI 2.78-7.33), schooling status (aOR=0.34; 95%CI -1.830 0.15-0.76), knowledge of place of care (OR=3.37,95%CI 2.04-5.34) and access to SRH education information (aOR=2.7, 95%CI 1.67- 4.53). Conclusion Rural-urban migration is associated with low SRH service uptake. Access to and use of SRH services among migrant street children is low compared to non-migrant street children. Our findings point to the need for urban health systems to design effective interventions to improve equitable access to and use of quality SRH services among street children while taking into consideration their migration patterns.

scholarly journals Urban Life-Worlds in Motion: In Africa and Beyond

2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 115-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Peter Hahn
Keyword(s):  
Urban Studies ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Theoretical Development ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
History Of Anthropology ◽  
Cultural Dynamics ◽  
Rural Migrants ◽  
History Of ◽  
Rural Urban Migration ◽  
Urban Contexts

Although throughout the history of anthropology the ethnography of urban societies was never an important topic, investigations on cities in Africa contributed to the early theoretical development of urban studies in social sciences. As the ethnography of rural migrants in towns made clear, cultural diversity and creativity are foundational and permanent elements of urban cultures in Africa (and beyond). Currently, two new aspects complement these insights: 1) Different forms of mobility have received a new awareness through the concept of transnationalism. They are much more complex, including not only rural–urban migration, but also urban–urban migration, and migrations with a destination beyond the continent. 2) Urban life-worlds also include the appropriation of globally circulating images and lifestyles, which contribute substantially to the current cultural dynamics of cities in Africa. These two aspects are the reasons for the high complexity of urban contexts in Africa. Therefore, whether it is still appropriate to speak about the “locality” of these life-worlds has become questionable. At the same time, these new aspects explain the self-consciousness of members of urban cultures in Africa. They contribute to the expansive character of these societies and to the impression that cities in Africa host the most innovative and creative societies worldwide.

Features of social and economic development of the city of Ganja in the post-Soviet period

2020 ◽  
pp. 43-47
Author(s):  
Vyusalya Chingiz kyzy Babaeva
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Quality Of Education ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Tourism Services ◽  
The City ◽  
Post Soviet Period

The article deals with the issues of socio-economic development of Ganja as one of the major cities of Azerbaijan and the main directions of local social policy related to the social problems of post-Soviet development. It is determined that there are positive changes in the improvement of the city, the expansion of its administrative borders, consistency in addressing issues of enhancing the quality of education and health, the development of tourism, services, and social assistance to vulnerable segments of the population. Meanwhile, the issues of providing jobs for various segments of the population, improving infrastructure, and regulating internal migration, including one as a result of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, are still to be resolved.

ARCHITECTURAL AND HISTORICAL ENVIRONMENT UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF A DYNAMICALLY DEVELOPING MEGAPOLIS

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 93-98
Author(s):  
Tatiana V. VAVILONSKAYA
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
The City ◽  
Post Soviet Period

The article reveals the main milestones of the development of the architectural and historical environment of the city of Samara as a dynamically developing metropolis. The studies conducted in the post-Soviet period aimed at preserving the environment and resulting from security activities and practical works of the same period aimed at updating the architectural and historical environment and resulting from urban development are critically interpreted. The article reveals the causes of the violation of the integrity of the architectural and historical environment of a large Volga city. One of the main reasons is the contradiction between the various objectives of security and urban development. Part of the analyzed researches and studies were carried out with the participation and (or) under the guidance of the author of this article.

scholarly journals Split household and smoking behavior of rural migrants in China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zicheng Wang ◽  
Qiushi Wu ◽  
Juan Ming
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Transmission Channel ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Rural Migrants ◽  
The Family ◽  
Lower Lever ◽  
Rural Urban Migration

Abstract Background: With Hukou constraints, a large proportion of rural migrants have to leave part of their family members stay at hometown, the split household may induce smoking behavior among rural migrants in destination cites.Objective: This study aims to address association between split household and smoking behavior, while the main discussion is to explore the differences between the three forms of split households---involving sole migration, couple migration, and family migration.Method: A unique and comprehensive database named Rural Urban Migration in China (RUMiC-2009) is applied to explore the association between split household and the smoking behavior; Analyses are conducted using the Chi-square tests and Logit regression.Results: The prevalence of smoking among family migrants (23.54%) is less than those sole migrants (25.46%) and couple migrants (35.13%). The family migrants (OR= 0.7445; 95% CI= 0.5955, 0.930) and couple migrants (OR= 0.8785; 95% CI= 0.6939, 1.1121) are less prone to smoke than the sole migrants counterparts. The family migrants (Coefficient= -0.0787; CI= -0.1229,-0.0346) and couple migrants (Coefficient= -0.0726; CI= -0.1188,-0.0264) show lower lever of depression compared with the sole migration groups.Conclusions: Split household is positively associated with the smoking behavior of rural migrants. While the depression may play as the potential transmission channel linked the spit household and smoking prevalence.

scholarly journals A Journey into the City

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Picerni
Keyword(s):  
Social Problems ◽  
Identity Crisis ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Contemporary China ◽  
Urban Migrants ◽  
Rural Urban Migration ◽  
The City

In contemporary China, rural-urban migrants constitute a new urban subject with entirely new identity-related issues. This study aims at demonstrating how literature can be a valid field in investigating such evolving subjectivities, through an analysis of Xu Zechen’s early novellas depicting migrants’ vicissitudes in Beijing. Combining a close reading of the texts and a review of the main social problems characterising rural-urban migration in China, this paper focuses on the representation of the identity crisis within the migrant self in Xu’s stories, taking into account the network of meanings employed by the writer to signify the objective and subjective tension between the city and the countryside.

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