ARCHITECTURAL AND HISTORICAL ENVIRONMENT UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF A DYNAMICALLY DEVELOPING MEGAPOLIS

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 93-98
Author(s):  
Tatiana V. VAVILONSKAYA

The article reveals the main milestones of the development of the architectural and historical environment of the city of Samara as a dynamically developing metropolis. The studies conducted in the post-Soviet period aimed at preserving the environment and resulting from security activities and practical works of the same period aimed at updating the architectural and historical environment and resulting from urban development are critically interpreted. The article reveals the causes of the violation of the integrity of the architectural and historical environment of a large Volga city. One of the main reasons is the contradiction between the various objectives of security and urban development. Part of the analyzed researches and studies were carried out with the participation and (or) under the guidance of the author of this article.

Author(s):  
D. N. Shalygina ◽  
◽  
G. P. Erokhin ◽  

The process of housing construction development in the largest Russian city in the post-Soviet period is analyzed. On the example of Novosibirsk, the authors consider the tendencies of densification of the central and middle parts of the city, as well as territorial expansion of peripheral and suburban residential formations. The similarity of the process of evolution of the housing sector of the largest Russian regional center and cities of the former socialist bloc in the conditions of transition to market relations is shown.


Author(s):  
Vyusalya Chingiz kyzy Babaeva

The article deals with the issues of socio-economic development of Ganja as one of the major cities of Azerbaijan and the main directions of local social policy related to the social problems of post-Soviet development. It is determined that there are positive changes in the improvement of the city, the expansion of its administrative borders, consistency in addressing issues of enhancing the quality of education and health, the development of tourism, services, and social assistance to vulnerable segments of the population. Meanwhile, the issues of providing jobs for various segments of the population, improving infrastructure, and regulating internal migration, including one as a result of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, are still to be resolved.


Via Latgalica ◽  
2010 ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Ivars Matisovs

<p>Urbanization is an important demo-geographical process and a complex social phenomenon under impact of which changes are made not only to the global, regional or national settlement systems, but all socio-economic processes are also substantially transformed. Changes caused by urbanization have an impact on traditional way of life, cultural particularity, community and individual psychology and other aspects of spiritual life, therefore expressions and regularities of this process might be of interest not only for demographers, geographers and economists, but also for representatives of the field of humanities.</p><p>Paper presents the progress of urbanization processes in Latgale, by covering the period from establishment of the first urban-type settlements in the Eastern Latvia until today, when under impact of the depopulation processes number of inhabitants in all cities of the region decreases dramatically. Particular attention is paid to the course of formation and evolution of the Latgale urban network, successively looking at characteristics of the course of urbanization process during all major stages of the historical process.</p><p>Towns and cities constitute the basis for the Latvian population system, characterized by historically formed relatively dense urban network. Like elsewhere in the country, also in modern Latgale towns and cities are distributed evenly throughout the region area, but historically it has not always been so. Urban spatial and landscape model in Latgale has been developed within the long historical process of gradual accumulation of changes in the landscape space; however the balance of this process is destroyed by sudden transformations of political, economic and socio-cultural conditions the region and its people have had to survive in more than one occasion.</p><p>The article particularly deals with characteristics of the urbanization processes during post-Soviet period, outlines the present urban development trends in Latgale, and highlights major urban demo-geographical problems, among which the emphasis has to be placed on the rapid depopulation, an ageing population and the deepening of territorial inequalities, also intra-regionally.</p><p>Structural economical changes and increasing mobility of population during the post- Soviet period have changed the urban development perspective. Activities based on new knowledge are concentrated in large agglomerations, while individual regions, including Latgale, with less competitive urban centers are noticeably lagging behind in their development.</p><p>Therefore, exactly in these areas and localities it is necessary to strengthen the urban functions to impede also interregional migration of population, since it substantially restricts the functionality of the most remote and underdeveloped areas and hinders provision of services to population at an appropriate level. This is even more important since implementation of the cohesion principles has been proclaimed to be one of the cornerstones of the European Union regional policy.</p><p>Unfortunately, at least for the time being situation in urban areas of Latgale is far from encouraging - negative net migration and negative natural growth factor, persistently high level of unemployment is observed there, social exclusion and apathy prevailing. Admittedly, in recent years urban development in Latgale represents also several positive trends. Urban environmental quality has improved significantly, which is generally associated with transition to environmentally more friendly fuels and implementation of various environmental projects, based on funding from the EU budget, such as municipal waste management, improving of water supply and sewerage systems.</p><p>Encouragingly, facilities of regional higher education institutions improve, and the capacity of scientific work increases, important interdisciplinary research has been launched. In the nearest future significant educational and scientific infrastructure improvement projects at the University of Daugavpils and Rezekne Higher Education Institution are planned to be made, which will certainly increase competitiveness of the Latgale region in the science and technology area.</p><p>Article is based on review of comprehensive scientific literature and analysis of available statistical information. The author does not claim to provide all-inclusive and in-depth analysis of the urbanization processes in Latgale, since this task would be performed in course of further studies, but summarizes the results obtained at an early stage of research of urban areas and population demo-geographical development, as well as of the quality of urban environment.</p>


Author(s):  
В. Лазаренко ◽  
V. Lazarenko

<p>The article presents an assessment of social development of Desnogorsk in comparison with other cities in Smolensk region. According to the research, Desnogorsk is a leader on a numbers of social development parameters. However, some parameters are lower than the average values. The social development of Desnogorsk is higher than that of the other cities in the region, but it has been declining since 1996 and now it is gradually approaching the average regional level. The main reason is the transfer of social responsibility from the city-forming enterprise to the city administration and the rapid population decline of the city. In the post-Soviet period there began an out-migration from Desnogorsk, mainly among young population. It is primarily caused by the monopropellant economy and the optimization of the industry. The socio-economic gap between the employees of nuclear power plants and other residents is gradually increasing. Desnogorsk displays the lowest level of labor mobility, if compared to other cities in the region. The low level of labor migration together with the migration outflow indicates a low adaptation of the population to economic and social changes.</p>


Author(s):  
Vincenzo Zenobi

Yerevan underwent a process of radical transformation in the post-Soviet period and in particular since 2000. Many large residential and commercial buildings were built on the city plan designed by Tamanian in the twenties. Yerevan's urban redevelopment has not been painless and without consequences: many buildings have been demolished, residents evicted, and rules that suggest an extractive development have been created. Moreover, the attempt to root urban growth in history has given rise to a progressive simulacrization of the city.


Author(s):  
D. N. Shalygina ◽  
◽  
G. P. Erohin ◽  

The paper presents the results of the study of the Novonikolaevsk-Novosibirsk functional-spatial organization evolution in the context of social-economic transformations of the XX - early XXI centuries. There have been determined the evolution process periods, and the chronological framework and features of the post-Soviet period has been specified. Based on the comparison of functional and spatial transformations in the course of the historical development and during the last decades, the problems of urban development are identified which may subsequently become the basis for formulating the strategic goals of the Novosibirsk urban planning system.


Author(s):  
Rozaliya Garipova ◽  

The Akkulsk Mosque, located about 30 kilometers from the city of Semey in northeastern Kazakhstan, was built between 1905 and 1907. With the establishment of Soviet power, the building of the mosque was used as a school and a club and ceased to function as a mosque. In the 1970s, as many inhabitants were living in the village, the building of the mosque began to decay and is currently in a critical situation. Despite the decaying process, people continue to worship the mosque as a sacred object. This allows us to rethink the role of the mosque as a place of spiritual worship, to analyze the unusual form of Islamic religiosity in the post-Soviet period as well as the impact of the Soviet regime on Islam in Kazakhstan.


2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moya Flynn ◽  
Natalya Kosmarskaya

In this paper we explore, through the narratives and perspectives of “old residents” in post-Soviet Bishkek, the dominant discourse which has emerged towards rural migrants arriving to the city from other areas of Kyrgyzstan from the late Soviet period onwards. We investigate the existence of a primarily “antagonistic” discourse in relation to the migrants and analyze this in detail to understand how it illuminates wider concerns amongst residents about what is occurring in their city, and about wider processes of social change in Kyrgyzstan. The paper provides a revealing insight into the processes of urban change in post-Soviet Central Asia, and demonstrates the ways in which confrontation with the everyday harsh realities of post-Soviet transformation can lead to the negative “othering” of one group of urban residents by another. We also demonstrate how the “old residents”’ perceptions of migrants reveal important insights into emerging notions and constructions of identity in the post-Soviet period, related in this case to understandings of “North” and “South'1 and related concepts of what is “urban” and what is “Kyrgyz”.


2008 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 743-767 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANNA CRISTINA PERTIERRA

AbstractThis paper argues that the household has become a renewed space of significance for Cuban women in the post-Soviet period. It draws from existing scholarship and ethnographic fieldwork conducted with women in the city of Santiago de Cuba to discuss the effect of post-Soviet crisis and reform upon women's domestic practices, the management of domestic economies, and longstanding gender ideals that link women to the domestic sphere. Physical, economic and social factors leading to post-Soviet Cuban women's increased concentration upon the household are argued to be both the result of pre-existing social orientations towards households as a womanly space and a response to specific politico-economic shifts since the collapse of the Soviet Union.


Author(s):  
Bashir Bulatovich BULATOV ◽  
Ruslan Ibragimovich SEFERBEKOV

The article lights up the history of the town of Kaspiysk from the time of its foundation as a working settlement to the present days. According to the authors, the history of Kaspiysk falls into three stages: 1) 1932–1947 – the emergence of a working settlement at the town-forming defense enterprise "Dvigatelstroi"; 2) 1947–1991 – the development of the “socialist settlement” of Kaspiysk at the town-forming defense enterprises “Dagdiesel”, “Precise Mechanics” and a branch of the “Volga” plant; 3) from 1991 to 2018, the post-Soviet period of the city’s development with no relationship with the city-forming enterprises, which due to the lack of defense orders and conversion were partially liquidated (the “Volga” branch), and the rest are in deep crisis and transformed into joint-stock companies and refocused on the noncore production (“Dagdiesel” and “Precise Mechanics”).


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